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《中国工程科学》 >> 2013年 第15卷 第4期

核电站安全的地震威胁及对策分析

广州大学减震控制与结构安全国家重点实验室(培育),广州 510405

收稿日期: 2013-01-30 发布日期: 2013-04-16

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摘要

核能是一种清洁高效的无碳能源,在人类文明进程及世界现代化发展中具有重要意义,但也存在核泄漏和核废料等问题。对世界核能利用情况及各国核电站建设与规划情况进行了回顾与展望,总结了历史上历次核电站事故发生的根本原因,着重探讨了地震对核电站的威胁。以2011年日本大地震造成的福岛核电站事故为例,分析了核电站事故对社会、经济及生态环境造成的影响,同时还提出了一些建议:对已建核电站进行抗震加固和延寿评估,做好未来核电站建设规划,改善管理机制,做好地震预警及核电站安全监测,优化应急处置机制,深化核能概率安全分析,普及群众安全教育,定期开展灾难演习,强化国际合作等举措,为人类在探索正确使用核能的进程中少受核能副作用的伤害而发挥重要作用。

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