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Electric Racers Hit the Track, but still Catching Up
Mitch Leslie
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 10-12 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.003
DART Mission Shows Potential for Planetary Defense by Smashing Asteroid into New Orbit
Chris Palmer
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 7-9 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.002
Hydrogen Fuel Prospects Rise with Governmental Support and Green Production
Sarah Derouin
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 3-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.001
从他汀药物的发现、发展和创新看生物制造的重要性 Review
汤晓玲, 俞佳薇, 耿宇恒, 王嘉瑞, 郑仁朝, 郑裕国
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 138-150 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.030
先进工业的快速发展正在引发化学品生产模式的变革。生物制造是在细胞及其组分介导下进行物质加工与合成的绿色先进生产方式，具有原子经济性高、副反应少、过程需求适应性强及环境友好等优势，可以革新加工原料供给、强化和优化生产过程、提升产品质量。生物制造的重要性在他汀药物的发现、发展和创新过程中得到了有力体现。他汀类药物作为治疗和预防心脑血管病的基石，开创了心脑血管病治疗的新纪元，在人类医药发展史上具有重要意义。从微生物发酵生产第一代他汀药物、生物合成生产第二代他汀药物到化学-酶法合成第三代他汀药物，可以看到生物制造技术对其的巨大推动力，对变革生产路线与生产工艺，降低碳排放、提高生产效率具有重要意义。随着前沿生物制造技术的发展及与多学科的交叉融合，将形成他汀药物新的生产力，进一步推动其健康可持续发展。
Fifth Paradigm in Science: A Case Study of an Intelligence-Driven Material Design Article
Can Leng, Zhuo Tang, Yige Zhou, Zean Tian, Weiqing Huang, Jie Liu, Keqin Li, Kenli Li
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 126-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.027
Science is entering a new era—the fifth paradigm—that is being heralded as the main character of knowledge integrating into different fields to intelligence-driven work in the computational community based on the omnipresence of machine learning systems. Here, we vividly illuminate the nature of the fifth paradigm by a typical platform case specifically designed for catalytic materials constructed on the Tianhe-1 supercomputer system, aiming to promote the cultivation of the fifth paradigm in other fields. This fifth paradigm platform mainly encompasses automatic model construction (raw data extraction), automatic fingerprint construction (neural network feature selection), and repeated iterations concatenated by the interdisciplinary knowledge ("volcano plot"). Along with the dissection is the performance evaluation of the architecture implemented in iterations. Through the discussion, the intelligence-driven platform of the fifth paradigm can greatly simplify and improve the extremely cumbersome and challenging work in the research, and realize the mutual feedback between numerical calculations and machine learning by compensating for the lack of samples in machine learning and replacing some numerical calculations caused by insufficient computing resources to accelerate the exploration process. It remains a challenging of the synergy of interdisciplinary experts and the dramatic rise in demand for on-the-fly data in data-driven disciplines. We believe that a glimpse of the fifth paradigm platform can pave the way for its application in other fields.
关键词： Catalytic materials Fifth paradigm Intelligence-driven Machine learning Synergy of interdisciplinary experts
Ca-Alginate-Based Janus Capsules with a Pumping Effect for Intestinal-Targeted Controlled Release Article
Shuang Wen, XiaoJie Ju, Wenying Liu, Yuqiong Liu, Xingqun Pu, Zhuang Liu, Wei Wang, Rui Xie, Yousef Faraj, Liangyin Chu
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 114-125 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.021
A novel intestinal-targeted θ-shaped capsule with a pumping effect for the controlled release of hydrophobic drugs is successfully developed. The proposed capsule is composed of a Ca-alginate–chitosan/protamine/silica (ACPSi) composite shell and two chambers forming an θ-shape (θ-ACPSi), which respectively encapsulate drugs and booster agents. Enteric hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) microspheres are embedded into the drug chamber shell. The θ-ACPSi composite shell offers improved protection for the encapsulated drug in the stomach environment and excellent intestinal-targeted drug release. Using indomethacin as the model drug and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the booster agent, both the opening of "microchannels" in the drug chamber and the swelling of PAA in the booster chamber increase the release rate of high-concentration indomethacin and ensure a constant release of indomethacin in the small intestine. In the stomach (pH 2.5), less than 1% of the indomethacin is released. However, when the θ-ACPSi capsules enter the small intestine (pH 6.8), the HPMCP microspheres in the drug chamber shell dissolve to open the "microchannels," while the PAA swells to provide pumping impetus. As a result, more than 60% of the indomethacin is released at a constant speed in the small intestine. The proposed θ-ACPSi capsules provide a potential and novel model for developing responsive pumping controlled-release systems and intestinal-targeted drug delivery systems.
关键词： Capsules Ca-alginate Intestinal-targeted delivery Pumping effects Controlled release
Zhongyang Zhang, Yumeng Chen, Lasse Hyldgaard Klausen, Sebastian Amland Skaanvik, Dan Wang, Jianfeng Chen, Mingdong Dong
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 102-113 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.016
Microalgae are a group of microscopic eukaryotic organisms that can transform carbon dioxide into diverse bioactive compounds through photosynthesis using chlorophyll a. Over the past decade, biohybrid materials comprising live microalgae and other biocompatible components have exhibited tremendous potential in solving many medical challenges, such as oncotherapy, tissue reconstruction, and drug delivery. Microalgae immobilized within conventional biomaterials can maintain their photosynthetic activity for an extended period of time, thereby providing local oxygen and working as biocompatible interfacing materials for regulating cell activities. The motility of microalgae has also inspired the development of biohybrid microrobots, in which drug molecules can be bound to the surface of microalgae via noncovalent adsorption and delivered to the target area through precisely controlled locomotion. Moreover, the autofluorescence, phototaxis, and biomass production of microalgae can be integrated into the design of novel biohybrid materials with versatile functions. Furthermore, through appropriate genetic manipulation, engineered microalgae can endow biohybrid materials with novel properties, such as specific cell-targeting capability and the local release of recombinant proteins from algae cells—technologies that show promise for promoting and diversifying the clinical use of microalgae-based biohybrid materials (MBBMs) in several fields of biomedicine. Herein, we summarize the fabrication, physiology, and locomotion ability of MBBMs; we then review typical and recent reports on the use of MBBMs in the biomedical field; finally, we provide critical discussions on the challenges and future perspectives of MBBMs.
关键词： Biointerface Microalgae Biohybrid materials Microrobots
Resolving the Adhesive Behavior of 1D Materials: A Review of Experimental Approaches Review
James L. Mead, Shiliang Wang, Sören Zimmermann, Sergej Fatikow, Han Huang
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 39-72 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.012
The adhesive behavior of one-dimensional (1D) materials, such as nanotubes and nanowires, plays a decisive role in the effective fabrication, functionality, and reliability of novel devices that integrate 1D components, as well as in biomimetic adhesives based on 1D arrays. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent experimental techniques that aim to characterize the adhesion behavior of interfaces formed by 1D materials, including when such materials are brought into contact with a substrate or adjacent 1D materials. The conformation of 1D material to surfaces and the associated occurrence of multi-asperity contact are discussed, and the coupling of adhesion and friction during interfacial attachment and detachment is explored. The use of 1D materials as reinforcement agents in nanocomposites and the associated interfacial characterization techniques are considered. The potential for the environmental conditions that exist during sample preparation and adhesion testing to influence 1D interfacial interactions and, ultimately, to alter the adhesion behavior of a 1D material is scrutinized. Finally, a brief perspective is provided on ongoing challenges and future directions, which include the methodical investigation of the testing environment and the alteration of adhesion through surface modification.
关键词： Interface adhesion 1D materials Nanowire Carbon nanotube Nanomanipulation Surface forces Mechanical peeling
土木工程结构智能化——内涵、发展和展望 Review
杜彦良, 伊廷华, 李晓军, 戎晓力, 董陇军,王 大为, 高阳, 冷真
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 240-253 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.011
信息化社会正深刻变革着土木工程科学与技术的发展，其为传统建筑业的转型升级提供了千载难逢的历史性机遇。借助于建筑材料、计算机、人工智能和自动化控制等领域前沿技术，新一代土木工程结构正朝着智能化方向快速发展，全球主要发达国家均因地制宜地大力推动以该方向为核心的建筑业革新战略。本文首先简述了土木工程结构智能化的基本定义、科学内涵和发展历程；然后以全生命周期为主线，系统梳理了土木工程结构在设计、施工、运维和消纳四个阶段中智能化技术的发展现状以及当前所面临的主要挑战；接着以世界首条基于智能化理念建造的铁路—京张高速铁路为例，综合展示了智能化技术的最新成就；文末从标准体系、理论方法和人才培养三个维度对土木工程结构智能化领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。
Xu Du, Di Chang, Shingo Kaneko, Hisataka Maruyama, Hirotaka Sugiura, Masaru Tsujii, Nobuyuki Uozumi, Fumihito Arai
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 94-101 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.020
This paper reports a method to measure the mechanical properties of a single cell using a microfluidic chip with integrated force sensing and a liquid exchange function. A single cell is manipulated and positioned between a pushing probe and a force sensor probe using optical tweezers. These two on-chip probes were designed to capture and deform the cells. The single cell is deformed by moving the pushing probe, which is driven by an external force. The liquid–liquid interface is formed between the probes by laminar flow to change the extracellular environment. The position of the interface is shifted by controlling the injection pressure. Two positive pressures and one negative pressure are adjusted to balance the diffusion and perturbation of the flow. The mechanical properties of a single Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 were measured in different osmotic concentration environments in the microfluidic chip. The liquid exchange was achieved in approximately 0.3–0.7 s, and the dynamic deformation of a single cell was revealed simultaneously. Measurements of two Young’s modulus values under alterable osmotic concentrations and the dynamic response of a single cell in osmotic shock can be collected within 30 s. Dynamic deformations of wild-type (WT) and mutant Synechocystis cells were investigated to reveal the functional mechanism of mechanosensitive (MS) channels. This system provides a novel method for monitoring the real-time mechanical dynamics of a single intact cell in response to rapid external osmotic changes; thus, it opens up novel opportunities for characterizing the accurate physiological function of MS channels in cells.
关键词： Microfluidic chip Mechanical properties Dynamic deformation Single cell Liquid exchange
Single-Molecule Methods for Characterizing Different DNA Higher-Order Structures Review
Yonglin Liu, Tianyuan Bian, Yan Liu, Zhimin Li, Yufeng Pei, Jie Song
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 277-292 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.009
DNA is considered to be not only a carrier of the genetic information of life but also a highly programmable and self-assembled nanomaterial. Different DNA structures are related to their biological and chemical functions. Hence, understanding the physical and chemical properties of various DNA structures is of great importance in biology and nanochemistry. However, the bulk assay ignores the heterogeneity of DNA structures in solution. Single-molecule methods are powerful tools for observing the behavior of individual molecules and probing the high heterogeneity of free energy states. In this review, we introduce single-molecule methods, including single-molecule detection and manipulation methods, and discuss how these methods can be conducive to measuring the molecular properties of single-/double-stranded DNA (ss/dsDNA), DNA higher-order structures, and DNA nanostructures. We conclude by providing a new perspective on the combination of DNA nanotechnology and single-molecule methods to understand the biophysical properties of DNA and other bio-matter and soft matter.
关键词： Single-molecule methods DNA structure Mechanical properties Conformational transitions
Yu Sun, Sergej Fatikow, Xinyu Liu
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 1-2 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.006
磁控微机器人的选择性与独立控制——综述 Review
Min Wang, Tianyi Wu, Rui Liu, Zhuoran Zhang, Jun Liu
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 21-38 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.011
磁驱动方法具有无线连接和高安全性的特点，是一种常见的微机器人驱动技术，适用于微流体操作以及医疗微机器人导航等应用。然而，由于微型机器人或被驱动的目标暴露在同一片磁场环境中的，使得选择性地控制单个机器人或多个目标中的某一部分变得具有挑战性。本文回顾了磁场驱动的多微型机器人或多关节微型机器人系统的选择性和独立控制方法的最新进展。 这些选择性和独立的控制方法将全局磁场解码为特定配置，用于多个微型机器人的独立驱动。这些方法包括将机器人设计成具有与众不同的物理属性或者在工作空间中的不同位置产生性质各异的磁场。对选定目标的独立控制使多个微型机器人能够有效协作以完成更复杂的操作。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个独特的视角来解释如何在磁场中操纵单个微型机器人以在小尺度机器人中实现高水平的群体智能，这有助于加速微型机器人技术在现实生活中应用的转化和发展。
关键词： 微型机器人 磁场驱动的多微型机器人 独立控制 选择性控制 微型机器人操纵
曹菁菁 ,雷阿会 ,刘清 ,张煜 ,王磊 ,严新平
《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.018
承担着全球90%以上贸易运输的航运业拥有丰富的数字化场景，通过智慧港口建设赋能航运业、港口与虚实融合技术深度结合形成智慧港口数字底座，成为业界共识。本文界定了智慧港口与虚实融合技术体系的基本内涵，从作业计划、活动实施、设备运维、安全应急、能源绿色5 个方面分析了港口生产运营对虚实融合技术的需求，总结了系统仿真、扩展现实、信息物理系统、数字孪生、平行系统、元宇宙6 种虚实融合技术图谱及其在智慧港口中的应用场景。在梳理发展思路、凝练科学问题的基础上，论证提出了虚实融合驱动智慧港口高质量发展的“13531”体系框架，涵盖技术体系发展定位、关键技术发展方向、重点领域研究方向等。从深化应用、政策激励、科技示范、人才培养等方面提出了发展建议，以期为稳健推动虚实融合技术体系在智慧港口中的工程应用提供先导性参考。
田兆阳,贾永刚 ,朱超祁 ,卢龙玉 ,郭煦,冯学志,王慧,王宏威,何满潮,彭建兵
《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.012
海床流体迁移指海底液体、气体、海水在海床内外的传输运移过程，对海洋地质灾害的孕育、发展、演化具有重要影响；我国海域内广泛发育的海底滑坡等典型灾害，与海床流体迁移现象之间呈现出明显的关联性。本文从海床流体迁移的灾害效应出发并以南海北部为例，分析了典型流体迁移系统类型、地质灾害成因分布特征，梳理了海床流体迁移的观测与调查方法；总结了海床流体迁移致灾与风险防控方向的科学问题，针对性提出了有待开展的重点研究内容。研究建议，从深部高压流体向上迁移影响灾害孕育、天然气水合物分解流体迁移影响灾害发展、海洋水体运动导致灾害发生3 个方面着手，研究海床流体迁移影响下的海底灾害孕育、发展与触发演化过程机理，海床流体迁移 ‒ 地质环境 ‒ 人类活动耦合作用下海底灾害风险防控理论方法，支持突破深海探测多系统集成、多尺度联合、多维信息处理等技术瓶颈。
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
DART Mission Shows Potential for Planetary Defense by Smashing Asteroid into New Orbit
Chris Palmer
期刊论文
Fifth Paradigm in Science: A Case Study of an Intelligence-Driven Material Design
Can Leng, Zhuo Tang, Yige Zhou, Zean Tian, Weiqing Huang, Jie Liu, Keqin Li, Kenli Li
期刊论文
Ca-Alginate-Based Janus Capsules with a Pumping Effect for Intestinal-Targeted Controlled Release
Shuang Wen, XiaoJie Ju, Wenying Liu, Yuqiong Liu, Xingqun Pu, Zhuang Liu, Wei Wang, Rui Xie, Yousef Faraj, Liangyin Chu
期刊论文
The Rational Design and Development of Microalgae-Based Biohybrid Materials for Biomedical Applications
Zhongyang Zhang, Yumeng Chen, Lasse Hyldgaard Klausen, Sebastian Amland Skaanvik, Dan Wang, Jianfeng Chen, Mingdong Dong
期刊论文
Resolving the Adhesive Behavior of 1D Materials: A Review of Experimental Approaches
James L. Mead, Shiliang Wang, Sören Zimmermann, Sergej Fatikow, Han Huang
期刊论文
Dynamic Deformation Measurement of an Intact Single Cell via Microfluidic Chip with Integrated Liquid Exchange
Xu Du, Di Chang, Shingo Kaneko, Hisataka Maruyama, Hirotaka Sugiura, Masaru Tsujii, Nobuyuki Uozumi, Fumihito Arai
期刊论文
Single-Molecule Methods for Characterizing Different DNA Higher-Order Structures
Yonglin Liu, Tianyuan Bian, Yan Liu, Zhimin Li, Yufeng Pei, Jie Song
期刊论文
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