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ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 603-622 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021397

摘要：

The COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.

关键词： antimicrobial proteins / antiviral profiling of bacteriocins / antiviral therapeutics / immunomodulation / nanosensor technology / mutated SARS-CoV-2

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 185-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

摘要： The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shared its genomic sequence with the world, has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year, due to the efforts of the scientific community, biopharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity. Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold, by increasing vaccine coverage, especially for older adults and young people, and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts. Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemics SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0954-x

摘要： Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.

关键词： COVID-19 convalescent SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination neutralizing antibody B cell response

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Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies present new prospects to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections

Rongtao Lai, Tianhui Zhou, Xiaogang Xiang, Jie Lu, Haiguang Xin, Qing Xie

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 644-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0847-4

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global public health and economic crises. Thus, new therapeutic strategies and effective vaccines are urgently needed to cope with this severe pandemic. The development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the attractive treatment strategies for COVID-19. Currently, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein is the main target of neutralizing antibodies when SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through an interaction between the S protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressed on various human cells. A single monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment is prone to selective pressure due to increased possibility of targeted epitope mutation, leading to viral escape. In addition, the antibody-dependent enhancement effect is a potential risk of enhancing the viral infection. These risks can be reduced using multiple mAbs that nonoverlapping epitopes. Thus, a cocktail therapy combining two or more antibodies that recognize different regions of the viral surface may be the most effective therapeutic strategy.

关键词： neutralizing antibody antibody cocktail SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 therapeutic strategy

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Less attention paid to waterborne SARS-CoV-2 spreading in Beijing urban communities

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1398-2

摘要：

• A survey on individual’s perception of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was conducted.

关键词： Environmental dissemination Risk communication Individual perception

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SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 196-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine immune escape breakthrough prevention

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Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from

Zhengqian Li, Taotao Liu, Ning Yang, Dengyang Han, Xinning Mi, Yue Li, Kaixi Liu, Alain Vuylsteke, Hongbing Xiang, Xiangyang Guo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 533-541 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0786-5

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in only 3 months. In addition to major respiratory distress, characteristic neurological manifestations are also described, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 may be an underestimated opportunistic pathogen of the brain. Based on previous studies of neuroinvasive human respiratory coronaviruses, it is proposed that after physical contact with the nasal mucosa, laryngopharynx, trachea, lower respiratory tract, alveoli epithelium, or gastrointestinal mucosa, SARS-CoV-2 can induce intrinsic and innate immune responses in the host involving increased cytokine release, tissue damage, and high neurosusceptibility to COVID-19, especially in the hypoxic conditions caused by lung injury. In some immune-compromised individuals, the virus may invade the brain through multiple routes, such as the vasculature and peripheral nerves. Therefore, in addition to drug treatments, such as pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese medicine, non-pharmaceutical precautions, including facemasks and hand hygiene, are critically important.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 neurological manifestations neuroinvasion brain

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Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yun Tan, Feng Liu, Xiaoguang Xu, Yun Ling, Weijin Huang, Mingquan Guo, Ziyu Fu, Dongguo Liang, Miao Xu, Hongzhou Lu, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 746-751 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0822-5

摘要： The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered β coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here we examined, using ELISA, the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6−7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection. All samples were positive for IgGs against the S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, 14 samples available at 6−7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay, with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in 10 blood samples from cases at 6−7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests, we found that interferon γ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells were increased upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation. Together, these results indicate that durable anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is common in convalescent population, and vaccines developed from 614D variant may offer protection from the currently predominant 614D variant of SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies T-cell response

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SARS-CoV-2 侵入因子——ACE2 和TMPRSS2 在围着床期胚胎和母胎界面存在表达 Article

陈伟,袁鹏,杨铭,严智强,孔思明,严杰,柳溪溪,陈依东,乔杰,闫丽盈

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第10期页码 1162-1169 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.013

摘要：

在全球肆虐的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2）导致了大量人群感染，血管紧张素转化酶2（angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2）是SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的受体蛋白。然而是否存在SARS-CoV-2的垂直传播仍颇有争议。为了探讨SARS-CoV-2垂直传播的潜在风险，我们利用已发表的单细胞转录组数据观察了围着床期胚胎和母胎界面上ACE2和TMPRSS2（编码跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2）的转录表达情况这表明围着床期发育第6天以及妊娠期胚胎对SARS-CoV-2的易感性可能存在性别差异。我们的结果揭示了胚胎移植过程中，围着床期以及妊娠期胚胎面临着SARSCoV-2的潜在感染风险。

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 垂直传播胎盘围着床期

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Protection of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with comorbidities: a prospective

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0995-9

摘要： Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of inactivated vaccines is not well characterized in people with comorbidities, who are at high risk of severe infection. We compared the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after complete vaccination with Sinopharm/BBIBP in people with comorbidities (e.g., autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and diabetes) with healthy individuals using a Cox-proportional hazard model. In July–September 2021, a total of 10 548 people (comorbidities, 2143; healthy, 8405) receiving the complete primary series of vaccination with Sinopharm/BBIBP in Bangkok, Thailand were prospectively followed for SARS-CoV-2 infection through text messaging and telephone interviewing for 6 months. A total of 295 infections from 284 participants were found. HRs (95% CI) of individuals with any comorbidities did not increase (unadjusted, 1.02 (0.77–1.36), P = 0.89; adjusted, 1.04 (0.78–1.38), P = 0.81). HRs significantly increased in the subgroup of autoimmune diseases (unadjusted, 2.64 (1.09–6.38), P = 0.032; adjusted, 4.45 (1.83–10.83), P = 0.001) but not in cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, or diabetes. The protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Sinopharm vaccine was similar in participants with any comorbidities vs. healthy individuals. However, the protection appeared lower in the subgroup of autoimmune diseases, which may reflect suboptimal immune responses among these people.

关键词： COVID-19 Sinopharm/BBIBP vaccine immunocompromised patients real-world

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operation of extra-large Fangcang hospitals: experience and lessons from containing the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2-2 Omicron in Shanghai, China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 165-171 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0961-y

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城市污水排放系统中SARS-COV-2的出现和消减 Article

Qian Dong, 蔡俊雄, 刘艳臣, 凌海波, Qi Wang, Luo-Jing Xiang, Shao-Lin Yang, Zheng-Sheng Lu, Yi Liu, Xia Huang, 曲久辉

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 214-219 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.012

摘要：

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in over 200 countries poses a substantial threat to human health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can be discharged with feces into the drainage system. However, a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence, presence, and potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in sewers, especially in community sewers, is still lacking. This study investigated the virus occurrence by viral nucleic acid testing in vent stacks, septic tanks, and the main sewer outlets of community where confirmed patients had lived during the outbreak of the epidemic in Wuhan, China. The results indicated that the risk of long-term emission of SARS-CoV-2 to the environment via vent stacks of buildings was low after confirmed patients were hospitalized. SARS-CoV-2 were mainly detected in the liquid phase, as opposed to being detected in aerosols, and its RNA in the sewage of septic tanks could be detected for only four days after confirmed patients were hospitalized. The surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage could be a sensitive indicator for the possible presence of asymptomatic patients in the community, though the viral concentration could be diluted more than 10 times, depending on the sampling site, as indicated by the Escherichia coli (E. coli) test. The comprehensive investigation of the community sewage drainage system is helpful to understand the occurrence characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage after excretion with feces and the feasibility of sewage surveillance for COVID-19 pandemic monitoring.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 传播风险，排水系统，污水，城市

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糖基工程毕赤酵母制备的SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白RBD受体结合区亚单位疫苗可激发中和抗体反应 Article

刘波, 殷瑛, 刘雨潇, 王甜甜, 孙鹏, 欧阳秦, 巩新, 侯旭宸, 张军, 任洪广, 罗士强, 柯倩, 姚咏明, 徐俊杰, 吴军

《工程（英文）》 2022年第13卷第6期页码 107-115 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.012

摘要：

2020年至今，新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2已经在全球大流行。新冠疫苗被寄于厚望用以减轻防控压力，成为解决疫情危机的有效手段之一。SARS-CoV-2通过S蛋白受体结合区RBD与宿主细胞ACE2受体结合侵染机体。本文提供了一种利用新型糖基工程毕赤酵母表达系统，制备基于S蛋白RBD重组亚单位候选疫苗的方法。综上所述，本文利用糖基工程酵母制备了SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白RBD糖蛋白疫苗，该疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生高滴度中和抗体，同时提供了一种可制备具有无岩藻糖的复杂型N-糖基化修饰重组蛋白的方法

关键词：冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗酵母受体结合区（RBD）

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COVID-19大流行期间流感活动呈“断崖式”下降——佩戴口罩、人员流动变化及SARS-CoV-2干扰的作用 Article

韩莎莎, 张婷, 吕岩, 赖圣杰, 戴佩希, 郑建东, 杨维中, 周晓华, 冯录召

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 195-202 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.011

摘要：本文中，我们探索了一种国家特异性推理模型，利用该模型估计中国、英国和美国这三个国家中佩戴口罩、人员流动变化（国际和国内）以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）干扰的影响。SARS-CoV-2干扰仅在2019年至2020年具有统计学显著效应。中国北方地区及英国的阳性百分比分别降低7.6％（2.4~14.4）和10.2％（7.2~13.6）。

关键词：流行性感冒佩戴口罩限制人员流动 SARS-CoV-2干扰非药物干预措施

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标题作者时间类型操作

ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC

期刊论文

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

期刊论文

Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

期刊论文

Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination

期刊论文

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies present new prospects to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections

Rongtao Lai, Tianhui Zhou, Xiaogang Xiang, Jie Lu, Haiguang Xin, Qing Xie

期刊论文

Less attention paid to waterborne SARS-CoV-2 spreading in Beijing urban communities

期刊论文

SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures

期刊论文

Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from

Zhengqian Li, Taotao Liu, Ning Yang, Dengyang Han, Xinning Mi, Yue Li, Kaixi Liu, Alain Vuylsteke, Hongbing Xiang, Xiangyang Guo

期刊论文

Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection

Yun Tan, Feng Liu, Xiaoguang Xu, Yun Ling, Weijin Huang, Mingquan Guo, Ziyu Fu, Dongguo Liang, Miao Xu, Hongzhou Lu, Saijuan Chen

期刊论文

SARS-CoV-2 侵入因子——ACE2 和TMPRSS2 在围着床期胚胎和母胎界面存在表达

陈伟,袁鹏,杨铭,严智强,孔思明,严杰,柳溪溪,陈依东,乔杰,闫丽盈

期刊论文

Protection of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with comorbidities: a prospective

期刊论文

operation of extra-large Fangcang hospitals: experience and lessons from containing the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2-2 Omicron in Shanghai, China

期刊论文

城市污水排放系统中SARS-COV-2的出现和消减

Qian Dong, 蔡俊雄, 刘艳臣, 凌海波, Qi Wang, Luo-Jing Xiang, Shao-Lin Yang, Zheng-Sheng Lu, Yi Liu, Xia Huang, 曲久辉

期刊论文

糖基工程毕赤酵母制备的SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白RBD受体结合区亚单位疫苗可激发中和抗体反应

刘波, 殷瑛, 刘雨潇, 王甜甜, 孙鹏, 欧阳秦, 巩新, 侯旭宸, 张军, 任洪广, 罗士强, 柯倩, 姚咏明, 徐俊杰, 吴军

期刊论文

COVID-19大流行期间流感活动呈“断崖式”下降——佩戴口罩、人员流动变化及SARS-CoV-2干扰的作用

韩莎莎, 张婷, 吕岩, 赖圣杰, 戴佩希, 郑建东, 杨维中, 周晓华, 冯录召

期刊论文

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