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Development of source profiles and their application in source apportionment of PM

Ningning Zhang, Mazhan Zhuang, Jie Tian, Pengshan Tian, Jieru Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Yaqing Zhou, Rujin Huang, Chongshu Zhu, Xuemin Zhang, Junji Cao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0879-1

摘要： Seasonal and spatial distribution of PM and its component were shown. Local source profiles of major PM sources were developed. Source apportionment was conducted using CMB model. Inorganic secondary components is the biggest contribution at Xiamen. Ambient PM samples were collected at four sites in Xiamen, including Gulangyu (GLY), Hongwen (HW), Huli (HL) and Jimei (JM) during January, April, July and October 2013. Local source samples were obtained from coal burning power plants, industries, motor vehicles, biomass burning, fugitive dust, and sea salt for the source apportionment studies. The highest value of PM mass concentration and species related to human activities (SO , NO , Pb, Ni, V, Cu, Cd, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) were found in the ambient samples from HL, and the highest and lowest loadings of PM and its components occurred in winter and summer, respectively. The reconstructed mass balance indicated that ambient PM consisted of 24% OM (organic matter), 23% sulfate, 14% nitrate, 9% ammonium, 9% geological material, 6% sea salt, 5% EC and 10% others. For the source profiles, the dominant components were OC for coal burning, motor vehicle, biomass burning and sea salt; SO for industry; and crustal elements for fugitive dust. Source contributions were calculated using a chemical mass balance (CMB) model based on ambient PM concentrations and the source profiles. GLY was characterized by high contributions from secondary sulfate and cooking, while HL and JM were most strongly affected by motor vehicle emissions, and biomass burning and fugitive dust, respectively. The CMB results indicated that PM from Xiamen is composed of 27.4% secondary inorganic components, 20.8% motor vehicle emissions, 11.7% fugitive dust, 9.9% sea salt, 9.3% coal burning, 5.0% biomass burning, 3.1% industry and 6.8% others.

关键词： PM2.5     Source profile     Source apportionment     CMB     Xiamen    

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δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its sourceapportionment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1414-6

摘要：

• Challenges in sampling of NH3 sources for d15N analysis are highlighted.

关键词： Aerosol ammonium     Atmospheric gaseous ammonia     Isotope fingerprinting     Isotope-based source apportionment     Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion    

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Source apportionment of PM

Wei WEN,Shuiyuan CHENG,Lei LIU,Gang WANG,Xiaoqi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0839-9

摘要： The new hybrid approaches for the source apportionment of PM were proposed. The hybrid approach can be used for source apportionment of secondary species. The metallurgy industry was the biggest contribution source to PM of Tangshan. In winter, the contribution from the coal-fired boilers was the largest one. The objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid approach for the source apportionment of primary and secondary species of PM in the city of Tangshan. The receptor-based PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) is integrated with the emission inventory (EI) to form the first hybrid method for the source apportionment of the primary species. The hybrid CAMx-PSAT-CP (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions – Particulate Source Apportionment Technology – Chemical Profile) approach is then proposed and used for the source apportionment of the secondary species. The PM sources identified for Tangshan included the soil dust, the metallurgical industry, power plants, coal-fired boilers, vehicles, cement production, and other sources. It is indicated that the PM pollution is a regional issue. Among all the identified sources, the metallurgy industry was the biggest contribution source to PM , followed by coal-fired boilers, vehicles and soil dust. The other-source category plays a crucial role for PM , particularly for the formation of secondary species and aerosols, and these other sources include non-specified sources such as agricultural activities, biomass combustion, residential emissions, etc. The source apportionment results could help the local authorities make sound policies and regulations to better protect the citizens from the local and regional PM pollution. The study also highlights the strength of utilizing the proposed hybrid approaches in the identification of PM sources. The techniques used in this study show considerable promise for further application to other regions as well as to identify other source categories of PM .

关键词： Secondary species     Emission inventory     PM2.5     Source apportionment    

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Source apportionment of ambient PM

Bo HAN, Xiaohui BI, Yonghua XUE, Jianhui WU, Tan ZHU, Baogui ZHANG, Jianqing DING, Yuanxin DU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 552-563 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0263-5

摘要： A total of 168 PM samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM was high in the spring and winter (123 μg·m and low in the summer–fall (90 μg·m ). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM , accounting for more than 50% of the PM mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM . Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM .

关键词： source apportionment     inhalable particulate matter     nested chemical mass balance method    

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Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze episodes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要：

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics     PM2.5     Source apportionment    

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A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate

Cesunica E. Ivey, Heather A. Holmes, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0866-6

摘要： A method for quantifying source impacts for secondary PM species is derived. The method provides estimates of bias in modeled concentrations. Adjusted concentrations match corresponding observations at monitored locations. Sources impacts on secondary species are estimated over the US for 20 sources. Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) estimates of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and organic carbon are highly influenced by uncertainties in modeled secondary formation processes, such as chemical mechanisms, volatilization, and condensation rates. These compounds constitute the majority of PM mass, and reducing bias in estimated concentrations has benefits for policy measures and epidemiological studies. In this work, a method for adjusting source impacts on secondary species is developed that provides estimates of source contributions and reduces bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations. The bias correction adjusts concentrations and source impacts based on the difference between modeled concentrations and observations while taking into account uncertainties at the location of interest; and it is applied both spatially and temporally. We apply the method over the US for 2006. The mean bias for initial CMAQ concentrations compared to observations is −0.28 (OC), 0.11 (NO ), 0.05 (NH ), and −0.08 (SO ). The normalized mean bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations was effectively zero for OC, NO , NH , and SO after applying the secondary bias correction. 10-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the performance of the spatial application of the bias correction. Cross-validation performance was favorable; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.69 for all species when comparing observations and concentrations based on kriged correction factors. The methods presented here address model uncertainties by improving simulated concentrations and source impacts of secondary particulate matter through data assimilation. Secondary-adjusted concentrations and source impacts from 20 emissions sources are generated for 2006 over continental US.

关键词： Particulate matter     Source apportionment     Secondary particulate matter     Chemical transport modeling     Receptor modeling    

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New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1737-6

摘要：

● Factor analysis of ammonium nitrate formation based on thermodynamic theory.

关键词： Ammonium nitrate formation     Thermodynamic theory     Aerosol liquid water content     Source apportionment    

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基于消费和生产的臭氧区域来源解析展现不同的地区贡献和健康效应 Article

朱盛强, 王芃, 王思雨, 耿冠楠, 赵红艳, 王元, 张宏亮

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第28卷 第9期   页码 130-138 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.11.011

摘要：

中国日益严重的臭氧（O3 ）污染问题持续带来显著的不利健康影响，然而对不同区域排放对O3浓度贡献 的量化还存在不足。本研究使用两种方法来量化不同地区的O3贡献：分别是是根据商品生产地（生产方 法）和根据商品消费地（消费方法）。模拟结果显示，2013年夏季，生产方法预测的本地源贡献较消费方 法预测的更高，其差异可以归因于贸易出口。高浓度污染下，贸易活动对O3浓度的贡献很大。中国北方 地区与O3污染有关的每日过早死亡人数为18 532人，根据消费方法，本地源的贡献为9219人；而在生产 方法中，本地源的贡献为14 471人，这也是因为生产方法忽略了国际出口以及国内其他地区的消费贡献。 本研究建议O3污染控制措施的制定应考虑商品的消费地和排放源地的区别，特别是要考虑国际贸易活 动的影响。

关键词： O3污染     贸易     源解析CMAQ模型     健康风险    

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The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1336-8

摘要：

• Emission of microbe from local environments is a main source of bioaerosols.

关键词： Bioaerosols     Diffusion     Source identification     Biogeography    

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Fault tolerant control strategy for modular PWM current source inverter

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 228-238 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0852-6

摘要： In this paper, a fault-tolerant control method for an input-series output-parallel modular grid-tied pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source inverter is proposed to address the most commonly seen single symmetrical gate-commutated thyristor (SGCT) open-circuit fault problems. This method actively offsets the neutral point of the current space vector to ensure a sinusoidal output of the grid current, and it can achieve the upper limit power of the inverter under the condition of a single SGCT open-circuit fault. In addition, an active damping control method based on grid harmonic current feedback is proposed after analyzing the influence of the transformer ferromagnetic resonance caused by the neutral point offset on the power quality of the grid current. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method effectively suppresses the resonance caused by the transformer and the modified modulation, improving the grid current’s power quality.

关键词： current source converter (CSC)     fault-tolerant control     space vector modulation     active damping     resonance suppression     power quality    

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STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 503-509 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023528

摘要：

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

关键词： GREEN     AGRICULTURAL     PROMOTE     POLLUTION     SOURCE     DEVELOPMENT     POINT     STRENGTHENING     CONTROL    

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DITCHES AND PONDS CAN BE THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 607-626 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023517

摘要：

As the common features of agroecosystems, ditches and ponds benefit the irrigation and drainage, as well as intercepting non-point source pollutants. However, most ditch-pond studies have been conducted in lowland areas. To test this source-sink assumption in upland areas, this study made observations on the ecological function of the ditch and pond system in a typical catchment in China. First, the changes in ponds in the catchment were analyzed using high-resolution remote sensing data. Then, the migration of agricultural pollutants in ditches and ponds were analyzed by field sampling and laboratory detection. The results showed that over the past 15 years the length of ditches in the catchment and the number of small ponds (< 500 m2) have increased by 32% and 75%, respectively. The rate of change in nutrient concentrations in the ditches and ponds were mostly from −20% to 20%, indicating ditches and ponds can be both sources and sinks for agricultural pollutants. Lastly, the contributing factors were explored and it was found that ditches and ponds are important sinks in dry season. However, during the rainy season, ditches and ponds become sources of pollutants, with the rapid drainage of ditches and the overflow of ponds in upland areas. The results of this study revealed that the ditches and ponds could be used for ecological engineering in upland catchments to balance drainage and intercept pollutants.

关键词： ditches     ponds     non-point source pollution     mountainous areas     nitrogen     phosphorus    

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CO capture and sequestration source-sink match optimization in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China

Zhong ZHENG , Dan GAO , Linwei MA , Zheng LI , Weidou NI ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 359-368 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0053-6

摘要： Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is considered to be an important option for climate change mitigation. A key problem for the implementation of CCS technology is the source-sink match design and optimization when considering both economic and environmental requirement. This paper presents a generic-optimization-based model for the strategic planning and design of future CCS source-sink matching. The features and capabilities of the model are illustrated through a detailed case study for the Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province) region in China. It shows how the model helps make a compromise in arriving at a strategic decision for CCS source-sink matching by providing the tradeoff frontiers between economic and environmental performance, and the features of match solutions with the best economic performance or with the best environmental performance.

关键词： CO2 capture and sequestration     China     source-sink match     tradeoff frontiers     multi-objective optimization    

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Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

Jie JI, Huide FU, Hanfeng HE, Gang PEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 234-245 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0056-3

摘要： A distributed model of an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system and its experimental setup using an immersed water condenser were presented. Dynamic performance of the ASHP was then evaluated by both simulation and experiment. The results indicated that the system coefficient of performance (COP) decreased as the condenser temperature increased, ranging from 4.41 to 2.32 with the average COP equaling 3.29 during the experiment. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental measurements demonstrated that the model was able to yield satisfactory predictions. Furthermore, temperature profiles of the refrigerant in the evaporator and condenser were also given. This paper provides the theoretical and experimental background for ASHP system optimization and a valuable reference for a solar air-source heat pump water heater when the solar irradiation energy is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days.

关键词： air-source     heat pump     distributed model     immersed water condenser    

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An end-to-end 3d seismic simulation of underground structures due to point dislocation source by using

Zhenning BA; Jisai FU; Zhihui ZHU; Hao ZHONG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1515-1529 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0887-0

摘要： Based on the domain reduction idea and artificial boundary substructure method, this paper proposes an FK-FEM hybrid approach by integrating the advantages of FK and FEM (i.e., FK can efficiently generate high-frequency three translational motion, while FEM has rich elements types and constitutive models). An advantage of this approach is that it realizes the entire process simulation from point dislocation source to underground structure. Compared with the plane wave field input method, the FK-FEM hybrid approach can reflect the spatial variability of seismic motion and the influence of source and propagation path. This approach can provide an effective solution for seismic analysis of underground structures under scenario of earthquake in regions where strong earthquakes may occur but are not recorded, especially when active faults, crustal, and soil parameters are available. Taking Daikai subway station as an example, the seismic response of the underground structure is simulated after verifying the correctness of the approach and the effects of crustal velocity structure and source parameters on the seismic response of Daikai station are discussed. In this example, the influence of velocity structure on the maximum interlayer displacement angle of underground structure is 96.5% and the change of source parameters can lead to the change of structural failure direction.

关键词： source-to-structure simulation     FK-FEM hybrid approach     underground structures     point dislocation source    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Development of source profiles and their application in source apportionment of PM

Ningning Zhang, Mazhan Zhuang, Jie Tian, Pengshan Tian, Jieru Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Yaqing Zhou, Rujin Huang, Chongshu Zhu, Xuemin Zhang, Junji Cao

期刊论文

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its sourceapportionment

期刊论文

Source apportionment of PM

Wei WEN,Shuiyuan CHENG,Lei LIU,Gang WANG,Xiaoqi WANG

期刊论文

Source apportionment of ambient PM

Bo HAN, Xiaohui BI, Yonghua XUE, Jianhui WU, Tan ZHU, Baogui ZHANG, Jianqing DING, Yuanxin DU

期刊论文

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze episodes

期刊论文

A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate

Cesunica E. Ivey, Heather A. Holmes, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell

期刊论文

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

期刊论文

基于消费和生产的臭氧区域来源解析展现不同的地区贡献和健康效应

朱盛强, 王芃, 王思雨, 耿冠楠, 赵红艳, 王元, 张宏亮

期刊论文

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

期刊论文

Fault tolerant control strategy for modular PWM current source inverter

期刊论文

STRENGTHENING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL TO PROMOTE AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

DITCHES AND PONDS CAN BE THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND

期刊论文

CO capture and sequestration source-sink match optimization in Jing-Jin-Ji region of China

Zhong ZHENG , Dan GAO , Linwei MA , Zheng LI , Weidou NI ,

期刊论文

Performance analysis of an air-source heat pump using an immersed water condenser

Jie JI, Huide FU, Hanfeng HE, Gang PEI,

期刊论文

An end-to-end 3d seismic simulation of underground structures due to point dislocation source by using

Zhenning BA; Jisai FU; Zhihui ZHU; Hao ZHONG

期刊论文