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Characterization of value-added chemicals derived from the thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation of sewage

Milan Malhotra, Anurag Garg

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1305-2

摘要： Abstract • Hydrothermal treatment can greatly improve resource recovery from sewage sludge. • tCOD removal during WO was ~55% compared with ~23% after TH. • TOC solubilization during hydrothermal treatment followed first-order kinetics. • Solids and carbon balance confirmed loss of organics during thermal hydrolysis. • Reaction pathways for thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation are proposed. We evaluated the effect of hydrothermal pretreatments, i.e., thermal hydrolysis (TH) and wet oxidation (WO) on sewage sludge to promote resource recovery. The hydrothermal processes were performed under mild temperature conditions (140°C–180°C) in a high pressure reactor. The reaction in acidic environment (pH= 3.3) suppressed the formation of the color imparting undesirable Maillard’s compounds. The oxidative conditions resulted in higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction (~90%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (~55%) whereas TH caused VSS and COD removals of ~65% and ~27%, respectively at a temperature of 180°C. During TH, the concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins in treated sludge were 400–1000 mg/L and 1500–2500 mg/L, respectively. Whereas, WO resulted in solids solubilization followed by oxidative degradation of organics into smaller molecular weight carboxylic acids such as acetic acid (~400–500 mg/L). Based on sludge transformation products generated during the hydrothermal pretreatments, simplified reaction pathways are predicted. Finally, the application of macromolecules (such as proteins), VFAs and nutrients present in the treated sludge are also discussed. The future study should focus on the development of economic recovery methods for various value-added compounds.

关键词： Hydrothermal pretreatment     Reaction kinetics     Reaction pathway     Sewage sludge     Thermal hydrolysis     Wet oxidation    

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Increasing the performance of anaerobic digestion: Pilot scale experimental study for thermal hydrolysis

S.I. PEREZ-ELVIRA, M. FDZ-POLANCO, F. FDZ-POLANCO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 135-141 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0024-5

摘要： The performance of a pilot plant operation combining thermal hydrolysis (170°C, 30 min) and anaerobic digestion (AD) was studied, determining the main properties for samples of fresh mixed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, and digested sludge, in order to quantify the thermal pretreatment performance (disintegration, solubilisation, and dewaterability) and its impact on the anaerobic digestion performance (biodegradability, volatile solids reduction, and digester rheology) and end product characteristics (dewaterability, sanitation, organic and nitrogen content). The disintegration achieved during the thermal treatment enhances the sludge centrifugation, allowing a 70% higher total solids concentration in the feed to anaerobic digestion. The digestion of this sludge generates 40% more biogas in half the time, due to the higher solids removal compared to a conventional digester. The waste generated can be dewatered by centrifugation to 7% dry solids without polymer addition, and is pathogen free.

关键词： anaerobic digestion (AD)     biogas     performance     sludge     thermal hydrolysis    

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市政污泥热水解—真菌发酵产菌丝纤维回收有机质资源的研究 Article

梁嘉晋, 李炳, 温磊, 李若泓, 李晓岩

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第2期   页码 203-211 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.002

摘要：

市政污泥的处理已成为许多大城市的环境治理难题。本研究提出了基于热水解—真菌发酵—厌氧消化的三阶段精炼策略，旨在实现市政污泥的减量化和资源化。在市政污泥热水解处理中，当热水解温度由140 ℃升至180 ℃时，可以显著地提升市政污泥的减量效果和有机物的释放效率（p < 0.05）。市政污泥经过140 ℃、160 ℃和180 ℃两级热水解处理后，总挥发性固体（TVS）的去除率分别为36.6%、47.7%和58.5%，总有机碳（TOC）的溶解释放效率分别达到28.0%、38.0%和45.1%。在160 ℃下，污泥热水解上清液中的多糖和蛋白质的含量最为丰富，而在180 ℃时，由于在热水解过程中发生了美拉德反应，污泥热水解上清液的腐殖酸类物质的含量显著增加（p < 0.05）。采用黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）进行真菌发酵，可以将市政污泥热水解上清液中的有机物转化为高附加值的菌丝纤维。在140 ℃和160 ℃下，污泥热水解上清液经过真菌发酵后，菌丝纤维的生物量分别达到1.30 g·L–1和1.27 g·L–1，对应的有机物转化率为24.6%和24.0%。从污泥热水解上清液真菌中回收的菌丝纤维可以用于生产纸基材料等高附加值产品。菌丝纤维纸结构致密，具有较好的力学性能，抗张强度可以达到10.75 N·m·g–1。在160 ℃下，污泥热水解上清液经真菌发酵耦合厌氧消化两级生物处理，能将热水解上清液超过75%的有机物进行综合利用以回收菌丝纤维和沼气。

关键词： 市政污泥     热水解     真菌发酵     菌丝纤维     厌氧消化     污泥处理    

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Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline, thermalhydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Mengli Wang, Ruying Li, Qing Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1127-2

摘要：

Sludge digestion is critical to control the spread of ARGs from wastewater to soil.

Fate of ARGs in three pretreatment-AD processes was investigated.

UP was more efficient for ARGs removal than AP and THP in pretreatment-AD process.

The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA gene.

The bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria.

关键词： Tetracycline resistance genes     Sulfonamide resistance genes     16S rRNA gene     Sludge pretreatment     Anaerobic sludge digestion    

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Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1577-9

摘要：

● Reduce the quantifying MPs time by using Nile red staining.

关键词： Microplastics     Municipal wastewater treatment plant     Phthalate esters     Thermal hydrolysis    

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Kinetic studies of xylan hydrolysis of corn stover in a dilute acid cycle spray flow-through reactor

Hongman ZHANG, Qiang JIN, Rui XU, Lishi YAN, Zengxiang LIN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 252-257 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1010-y

摘要： Xylan of corn stover was pretreated with 1%, 2% and 3% (w/w) sulfuric acid at relatively low temperatures (90°C, 95°C and 100°C) in a dilute acid cycle spray flow-through reactor (DCF). The hydrolysis of xylan to its monomeric xylose was modeled by a series of first-order reactions. Both biphasic and Saeman hydrolysis models were applied to fit the experimental data. The results confirmed that the kinetic data of xylan hydrolysis fitted a first-order irreversible reaction model and the experimental data. The reaction rates of xylose monomer formation and degradation were sensitive to catalyst concentration and temperature. Higher catalyst concentration and lower reaction temperature result in high xylose yield. The activation energy for xylose formation and degradation were determined to be 112.9 and 101.0 kJ·mol , respectively. Over 90% theoretical xylose obtained from corn stover can be used to produce ethanol, xylitol and fumaric acid by fermentation.

关键词： corn stover     xylan hydrolysis     biphasic model     Saeman model     cycle spray     kinetics    

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Research progress on hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose and lignocellulosic waste

Yan ZHAO, Wenjing LU, Jiajun CHEN, Xiangfeng ZHANG, Hongtao WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 151-161 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0607-z

摘要： Ethanol production from lignocellulosic waste has attracted considerable attention because of its feasibility and the generation of valuable products. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment and hydrolysis are key processes for lignocellulose conversion. Hydrothermal process is a promising technique because of its efficiency to break down the lignocellulosic structures and produce fermentable hexoses. Most studies in this field have therefore focused on understanding these processes or optimizing the parameters, but commonly reported low yields of fermentable hexoses. The inability to produce high yields of fermentable hexoses is mainly attributed to inadequate information on the conversion mechanisms of lignocellulose, particularly the reaction rules of dissolution, which is a limiting step in the entire conversion process. This paper critically reviewed the progress done in the research and development of the hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Principles, processes, and related studies on separate dissolution and asynchronous hydrolysis of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose are presented. Potential research prospects are also suggested.

关键词： lignocellulosic waste     hydrothermal conversion     separate dissolution     asynchronous hydrolysis     mechanism    

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Catalytic hydrolysis of gaseous HCN over Cu–Ni/γ-Al

Linxia Yan, Senlin Tian, Jian Zhou, Xin Yuan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0872-8

摘要： ? The Cu–Ni/γ-Al O catalyst was prepared to study HCN hydrolysis ? On catalyst calcined at 400°C, the HCN removal efficiency reaches a maximum. ? HCN removal is the highest at 480 min at a H O/HCN volume ratio of 150 ? The presence of CO facilitates HCN hydrolysis and increases NH production. ? O increases the HCN removal and NO production but decreases NH production GRAPHIC ABSTRACT To decompose efficiently hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in exhaust gas, g-Al O -supported bimetallic-based Cu–Ni catalyst was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method. The effects of the calcination temperature, H O/HCN volume ratio, reaction temperature, and the presence of CO or O on the HCN removal efficiency on the Cu–Ni/g-Al O catalyst were investigated. To examine further the efficiency of HCN hydrolysis, degradation products were analyzed. The results indicate that the HCN removal efficiency increases and then decreases with increasing calcination temperature and H O/HCN volume ratio. On catalyst calcined at 400°C, the efficiency reaches a maximum close to 99% at 480 min at a H O/HCN volume ratio of 150. The HCN removal efficiency increases with increasing reaction temperature within the range of 100°C–500°C and reaches a maximum at 500°C. This trend may be attributed to the endothermicity of HCN hydrolysis; increasing the temperature favors HCN hydrolysis. However, the removal efficiencies increases very few at 500°C compared with that at 400°C. To conserve energy in industrial operations, 400°C is deemed as the optimal reaction temperature. The presence of CO facilitates HCN hydrolysis andincreases NH production. O substantially increases the HCN removal efficiency and NO production but decreases NH production.

关键词： Hydrogen cyanide     Cu–Ni/g-Al2O3     Catalytic hydrolysis    

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Establishment and verification of a shrinking core model for dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Cunwen WANG, Xiaoling DUAN, Weiguo WANG, Zihao LI, Yuanhang QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 413-419 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0212-z

摘要： The kinetics of lignocellulose hydrolysis under the conditions of high temperature and dilute acid (mass fraction 0.05%) was investigated in this paper. By studying the reducing sugar concentration versus reaction temperature (170°C–220°C) and reaction time (150–1800 s) during the hydrolysis process of five kinds of crop straw (rice, wheat, cotton, rape and corn), the shrinking core model was established, and the differential equation of the model and its analytical solution were obtained. With a numerical calculation method, the kinetic equation was estimated, and the degradation of reducing sugar obeyed first-order kinetics was obtained. The calculated results from the equations agreed well with the original experimental data. The calculation by the model showed that the reducing sugar concentration increases as the size of the particles decrease, and the uniform particles increase.

关键词： lignocellulose     dilute acid hydrolysis     shrinking core model    

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High-yield production of porous carbon spheres derived from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for zinc ion

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-024-2387-3

摘要： The widespread implementation of supercapacitors is hindered by the limited energy density and the pricey porous carbon electrode materials. The cost of porous carbon is a significant factor in the overall cost of supercapacitors, therefore a high carbon yield could effectively mitigate the production cost of porous carbon. This study proposes a method to produce porous carbon spheres through a spray drying technique combined with a carbonization process, utilizing renewable enzymatic hydrolysis lignin as the carbon source and KOH as the activation agent. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the quantity of activation agent and the development of morphology, pore structure, and specific surface area of the obtained porous carbon materials. We demonstrate that this approach significantly enhances the carbon yield of porous carbon, achieving a yield of 22% in contrast to the conventional carbonization-activation method (9%). The samples acquired through this method were found to contain a substantial amount of mesopores, with an average pore size of 1.59 to 1.85 nm and a mesopore ratio of 25.6%. Additionally, these samples showed high specific surface areas, ranging from 1051 to 1831 m2·g−1. Zinc ion hybrid capacitors with lignin-derived porous carbon cathode exhibited a high capacitance of 279 F·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 and an energy density of 99.1 Wh·kg−1 when the power density was 80 kW·kg−1. This research presents a novel approach for producing porous carbons with high yield through the utilization of a spray drying approach.

关键词： enzymatic hydrolysis lignin     porous carbon spheres     spray drying     zinc ion hybrid capacitors    

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Microwave-assisted catalyst-free hydrolysis of fibrous cellulose for deriving sugars and biochemicals

Songshan Jiang, Helen Daly, Huan Xiang, Ying Yan, Huiping Zhang, Christopher Hardacre, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 718-726 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1804-5

摘要： Microwave (MW) assisted catalyst-free hydrolysis of fibrous cellulose (FC, cellulolysis) at 200°C promoted a cellulose conversion of ca 37.2% and quantitative production of valuable C5/C6 sugars (e.g , glucose) and the according platform biochemicals (e.g , 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), corresponding to an overall selectivity of 96.5%. Conversely, conventional hydrothermal cellulolysis under similar conditions was not effective, even after 24 h, carbonising the FC. Based on the systematic study of MW-assisted cellulolysis, the specific interaction between water molecules and macroscopic FC under the MW irradiation was proposed, accounting for the interpretation of the experimental observation. The kinetic energy of water molecules under the MW irradiation facilitated the C C (in the non-hindered surface CH OH groups) and C O C bond breaking (inside the cellulose cavities) in FC, producing primary cellulolysis products of xylose, glucose and cellobiose.

关键词： microwave     fibrous cellulose     hydrolysis     sugars     mechanism    

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Dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis of casein micelles studied by dynamic light scattering

LIU Rui, QI Wei, SU Rongxin, ZHANG Yubin, JIN Fengmin, HE Zhimin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0023-7

摘要： The effects of temperature, ionic strength, and enzymatic hydrolysis on the average hydrodynamic radius () of casein micelles in phosphate buffer were studied by using dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the average value of casein micelles decreased irreversibly during the heating, decreased with the increase of ionic strength in lower ionic strength solution (less than 0.05 mol/L), but opposite in higher ionic strength solution (above 0.1 mol/L). The value of casein increased rapidly during the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, and the structural model of casein micelles in the enzymatic hydrolysis process was also proposed, i.e. the casein micelle changed from compact sphere into unfolded and regularly flocky peptides.

关键词： compact     strength     temperature     regularly flocky     heating    

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Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original

Yanqing Duan, Aijuan Zhou, Xiuping Yue, Zhichun Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Yanhong Luo, Xiao Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1304-3

摘要： Abstract • Carbon availability was partially solved by POM recovery and fermentation. • 12% carbon sources were regenerated by fermentation of the entrapped 35% TCOD. • The unique microbial communities facilitated the efficient hydrolysis of the POM. • Considerable economic benefits in aeration power and ECS dosage were anticipated. To address the availability of carbon sources for denitrification, the accelerated hydrolysis of the most abundant but low-availability fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) was investigated. Mesh sieves with different pore sizes were used as primary pretreatment at the start-up-stage of the biological process to separate some POM from the liquid system. The changes in soluble carbohydrates and proteins were monitored to investigate the hydrolysis performance of the sieved POM, with waste activated sludge (WAS) as the control test. The results showed that an average of 35% POM could be entrapped before filtrate mat development. In addition, benefiting from the high polysaccharides concentration, as well as the high availability due to the relatively loose physical structure, a 23% hydrolysis efficiency of POM was obtained, in contrast to that of WAS (3.4%), with a hydrolysis constant of 0.39 h−1. The prominent performance was also attributed to the unique microbial communities having been domesticated at a lower temperature, especially the cellulose-degrading bacteria Paraclostridium and psychrophile Psychrobacter, making up 6.94% and 2.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential benefits and application of improved POM hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery via mesh sieves combined with anaerobic fermentation were evaluated, including selective POM entrapment, alleviation of blockage and wear, and a reduction in aeration energy. By the proposed strategy, carbon availability for biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes is anticipated to be improved more economically than that can be achieved by primary clarifier elimination.

关键词： Particulate organic matter (POM)     Hydrolysis     Microbial community     Mass balance    

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Development of combined coagulation-hydrolysis acidification-dynamic membrane bioreactor system for treatment

Xue Shen, Lei Lu, Baoyu Gao, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1093-8

摘要：

• We created a combined system for treating oilfield polymer-flooding wastewater.

• The system was composed of coagulation, hydrolysis acidification and DMBR.

• Coagulant integrated with demulsifier dominated the removal of crude oil.

• The DMBR proceed efficiently without serious membrane fouling.

关键词： Coagulation     Hydrolysis acidification     Dynamic membrane bioreactor     Polymer flooding    

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Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor

Xin Xing, Yin Yu, Hongbo Xi, Guangqing Song, Yajiao Wang, Jiane Zuo, Yuexi Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1055-6

摘要：

HAP was verified to reduce the toxicity of TMP wastewater effectively.

Actual TMP wastewater was fed in HAP with different dilution ratios for 240 days.

Formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol were all greatly removed.

Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (the abundance increased to 57.08%).

关键词： Trimethylolpropane wastewater     Hydrolysis acidification process     Toxicity     Oxygen uptake rate     16S rDNA    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Characterization of value-added chemicals derived from the thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation of sewage

Milan Malhotra, Anurag Garg

期刊论文

Increasing the performance of anaerobic digestion: Pilot scale experimental study for thermal hydrolysis

S.I. PEREZ-ELVIRA, M. FDZ-POLANCO, F. FDZ-POLANCO,

期刊论文

市政污泥热水解—真菌发酵产菌丝纤维回收有机质资源的研究

梁嘉晋, 李炳, 温磊, 李若泓, 李晓岩

期刊论文

Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline, thermalhydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Mengli Wang, Ruying Li, Qing Zhao

期刊论文

Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

期刊论文

Kinetic studies of xylan hydrolysis of corn stover in a dilute acid cycle spray flow-through reactor

Hongman ZHANG, Qiang JIN, Rui XU, Lishi YAN, Zengxiang LIN

期刊论文

Research progress on hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose and lignocellulosic waste

Yan ZHAO, Wenjing LU, Jiajun CHEN, Xiangfeng ZHANG, Hongtao WANG

期刊论文

Catalytic hydrolysis of gaseous HCN over Cu–Ni/γ-Al

Linxia Yan, Senlin Tian, Jian Zhou, Xin Yuan

期刊论文

Establishment and verification of a shrinking core model for dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Cunwen WANG, Xiaoling DUAN, Weiguo WANG, Zihao LI, Yuanhang QIN

期刊论文

High-yield production of porous carbon spheres derived from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for zinc ion

期刊论文

Microwave-assisted catalyst-free hydrolysis of fibrous cellulose for deriving sugars and biochemicals

Songshan Jiang, Helen Daly, Huan Xiang, Ying Yan, Huiping Zhang, Christopher Hardacre, Xiaolei Fan

期刊论文

Dissolution and enzymatic hydrolysis of casein micelles studied by dynamic light scattering

LIU Rui, QI Wei, SU Rongxin, ZHANG Yubin, JIN Fengmin, HE Zhimin

期刊论文

Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original

Yanqing Duan, Aijuan Zhou, Xiuping Yue, Zhichun Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Yanhong Luo, Xiao Zhang

期刊论文

Development of combined coagulation-hydrolysis acidification-dynamic membrane bioreactor system for treatment

Xue Shen, Lei Lu, Baoyu Gao, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue

期刊论文

Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor

Xin Xing, Yin Yu, Hongbo Xi, Guangqing Song, Yajiao Wang, Jiane Zuo, Yuexi Zhou

期刊论文