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Revisiting digital twins: Origins, fundamentals, and practices

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 668-676 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0216-2

摘要： The digital twins (DT) has quickly become a hot topic since it was proposed. It appears in all kinds of commercial propaganda and is widely quoted by academic circles. However, the term DT has misstatements and is misused in business and academics. This study revisits DT and defines it to be a more advanced system/product/service modeling and simulation environment that combines most modern information communication technologies (ICTs) and engineering mechanism digitization and characterized by system/product/service life cycle management, physically geometric visualization, real-time sensing and measurement of system operating conditions, predictability of system performance/safety/lifespan, and complete engineering mechanisms-based simulations. The idea of DT originates from modeling and simulation practices of engineering informatization, including virtual manufacturing (VM), model predictive control, and building information modeling (BIM). On the basis of the two-element VM model, we propose a three-element model to represent DT. DT does not have its unique technical characteristics. The existing practices of DT are extensions of the engineering informatization embracing modern ICTs. These insights clarify the origin of DT and its technical essentials.

关键词： virtual manufacturing     digital twins     modeling and simulation     digitization     computational engineering    

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数字孪生与信息物理系统——比较与联系 Article

陶飞, 戚庆林, 王力翚, A.Y.C. Nee

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第4期   页码 653-661 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.014

摘要：

物联网、云计算、大数据和人工智能等新一代信息技术（New IT）的进步极大地推动了智能制造的发展。作为智能制造的重要先决条件，信息物理融合受到了制造商的广泛关注。信息物理系统（CPS）和数字孪生（DT）作为实现信息物理融合的首选手段，已受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。通过物理过程和信息世界相互影响的反馈循环，CPS和DT都可以赋予制造系统更高的效率、弹性和智能。CPS和DT均包含了信息物理连接、实时交互、组织集成和深度协作的基本内涵。但是，从多个角度来看，CPS和DT并不完全相同，如起源、发展、实践、信息物理映射以及侧重点等。为了辨析两者之间的差异和相关性，本文从多个角度对CPS和DT进行了回顾和分析。

关键词： 信息物理系统（CPS）     数字孪生（DT）     智能制造     比较与联系    

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Surface accuracy optimization of mechanical parts with multiple circular holes for additive manufacturing based on triangular fuzzy number

Jinghua XU, Hongsheng SHENG, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN, Jinlian DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第1期   页码 133-150 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0610-6

摘要： Surface accuracy directly affects the surface quality and performance of mechanical parts. Circular hole, especially spatial non-planar hole set is the typical feature and working surface of mechanical parts. Compared with traditional machining methods, additive manufacturing (AM) technology can decrease the surface accuracy errors of circular holes during fabrication. However, an accuracy error may still exist on the surface of circular holes fabricated by AM due to the influence of staircase effect. This study proposes a surface accuracy optimization approach for mechanical parts with multiple circular holes for AM based on triangular fuzzy number (TFN). First, the feature lines on the manifold mesh are extracted using the dihedral angle method and normal tensor voting to detect the circular holes. Second, the optimal AM part build orientation is determined using the genetic algorithm to optimize the surface accuracy of the circular holes by minimizing the weighted volumetric error of the part. Third, the corresponding weights of the circular holes are calculated with the TFN analytic hierarchy process in accordance with the surface accuracy requirements. Lastly, an improved adaptive slicing algorithm is utilized to reduce the entire build time while maintaining the forming surface accuracy of the circular holes using digital twins via virtual printing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is experimentally validated using two mechanical models.

关键词： surface accuracy optimization     multiple circular holes     additive manufacturing (AM)     part build orientation     triangular fuzzy number (TFN)     digital twins    

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Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 177-182 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0241-1

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Development trend of urban design in “digital age”: Pan-dimensionality and individual-ubiquity

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 569-575 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0735-7

摘要： The wave of “digital age” featuring digital information is coming. Digital technology is profoundly changing the societal development direction and evolution paths. It also has significant bearing on production modes, social interactions and lifestyles. With regard to urban design, a system of knowledge about the creation and adaptation of material space forms that integrate humanities, art, technology and materials, digital technology has provided it with a brand-new and revolutionary scientific impetus for its evolution. The result of this evolution is “digital urban design paradigm based on human-computer interaction”, i.e., the urban development is moving toward “pan-dimensionality” and “individual ubiquity”. The future of urban design will construct a new approach to urban research and engineering, which is more complex, capable of accommodating and compatible with multiple goals of “instrumental rationality” and “value rationality”. Such a new approach shall be led by the probabilistic theory of “gray scale thinking”, reflecting quaternary synergetic view of “scientific rationality, ecological rationality, cultural rationality and technical rationality” to realize the cognitive progress of “engineering for the benefit of mankind”.

关键词： digital age     urban design     multiple objectives     human-computer interaction     pan-dimensionality     individual-ubiquity    

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CHALLENGES AND CAPACITY GAPS IN SMALLHOLDER ACCESS TO DIGITAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES IN KENYA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第4期   页码 642-654 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021423

摘要：

● Seventy-eight percent of farmers accessed extension and advisory services from electronic sources dominated by radio.

关键词： advisory service     agricultural extension     digital extension     digital literacy    

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从虚拟现实到数字孪生：关键技术与发展趋势

谭建荣(院士)

2020年11月28日

关键词： 智能制造     智能工业    

Development of a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution

Qiang GAO, Yuchuan ZHU, Changwen WU, Yulei JIANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第2期   页码 420-434 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0622-2

摘要： Pilot two-stage proportional valves are widely used in high-power hydraulic systems. For the purpose of improving the dynamic performance, reliability, and digitization of the traditional proportional valve, a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution is proposed from the viewpoint of the dual nozzle-flapper valve’s working principle. In particular, the dual nozzle-flapper is decoupled by two high-speed on/off valves (HSVs). First, the working principle and mathematical model of the proposed valve are determined. Then, the influences of the control parameters (duty cycle and switching frequency) and structural parameters (fixed orifice’s diameter and main valve’s spring) on the main valve’s motion are analyzed on the basis of theory, simulation, and experiment. In addition, in optimizing the value of the fixed orifice’s diameter, a new design criterion that considers the maximum pressure sensitivity, flow controllability, and flow linearization is proposed to improve the balance between the effective displacement and the displacement fluctuation of the main valve. The new scheme is verified by simulations and experiments. Experimental results of the closed-loop displacement tracking have demonstrated that the delay time of the main valve is always within 3.5 ms under different working conditions, and the tracking error can be significantly reduced using the higher switching frequency. The amplitude–frequency experiments indicate that a ‒3 dB-frequency of the proposed valve can reach 9.5 Hz in the case of±50% full scale and 15 Hz in the case of 0%–50% full scale. The values can be further improved by increasing the flow rate of the pilot HSV.

关键词： two-stage proportional valve     digital flow distribution     high-speed on/off valve     position tracking characteristic     dynamic performance    

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Digital twin-driven smart supply chain

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 56-70 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0186-9

摘要： Today’s supply chain is becoming complex and fragile. Hence, supply chain managers need to create and unlock the value of the smart supply chain. A smart supply chain requires connectivity, visibility, and agility, and it needs be integrated and intelligent. The digital twin (DT) concept satisfies these requirements. Therefore, we propose creating a DT-driven supply chain (DTSC) as an innovative and integrated solution for the smart supply chain. We provide background information to explain the DT concept and to demonstrate the method for building a DTSC by using the DT concept. We discuss three research opportunities in building a DTSC, including supply chain modeling, real-time supply chain optimization, and data usage in supply chain collaboration. Finally, we highlight a motivating case from JD.COM, China’s largest retailer by revenue, in applying the DTSC platform to address supply chain network reconfiguration challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： digital twin     supply chain management    

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Assessing compressive strengths of mortar and concrete from digital images by machine learning techniques

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 347-358 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0819-z

摘要： Compressive strength is the most important metric of concrete quality. Various nondestructive and semi-destructive tests can be used to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete. In the present study, a new image-based machine learning method is used to predict concrete compressive strength, including evaluation of six different models. These include support-vector machine model and various deep convolutional neural network models, namely AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG19, ResNet, and Inception-ResNet-V2. In the present investigation, cement mortar samples were prepared using each of the cement:sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, and using the water:cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.55. Cement concrete was prepared using the cement:sand:coarse aggregate ratios of 1:5:10, 1:3:6, 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2, using the water:cement ratio of 0.5 for all samples. The samples were cut, and several images of the cut surfaces were captured at various zoom levels using a digital microscope. All samples were then tested destructively for compressive strength. The images and corresponding compressive strength were then used to train machine learning models to allow them to predict compressive strength based upon the image data. The Inception-ResNet-V2 models exhibited the best predictions of compressive strength among the models tested. Overall, the present findings validated the use of machine learning models as an efficient means of estimating cement mortar and concrete compressive strengths based on digital microscopic images, as an alternative nondestructive/semi-destructive test method that could be applied at relatively less expense.

关键词： support vector machine     deep convolutional neural network     microscope     digital image     curing period    

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A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter: simulation and experimentation

Subbaraman SRINATH, Chandan KUMAR, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 119-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0288-0

摘要： A novel and simple control algorithm using digital signal processor (DSP) has been proposed and realized for a three phase shunt active filter (SAF). The simulation and prototype construction of SAF is conducted to compensate the reactive power and harmonics in a distribution system. The major feature of the proposed algorithm is that it does not require unit vector templates and any transformations for the reference current generation of SAF. This reduces the computational complexity and makes the control flexible and faster. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK while DSP TMS320LF2407 is employed in the digital implementation of hysteresis current control (HCC) for experimentation. The hardware results correlate with the simulation results in reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the source current and achieving unity power factor.

关键词： shunt active filter (SAF)     power quality     voltage source inverter (VSI)     digital signal processor (DSP)     total harmonic distortion (THD)     power factor improvement    

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Three-scale stochastic homogenization of elastic recycled aggregate concrete based on nano-indentation digital

Chen WANG, Yuching WU, Jianzhuang XIAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 461-473 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0441-7

摘要： In this paper, three-scale stochastic elastic finite element analyses are made for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) based on nano-indentation digital images. The elastic property of RAC contains uncertainties across scales. It has both theoretical and practical values to model and predict its mechanical performance. Based on homogenization theory, effective stochastic elastic moduli of RAC at three different scales are obtained using moving window technique, nano-indentation digital images, and Monte-Carlo method. It involves the generation of a large number of random realizations of microstructure geometry based on different volume fraction of the inclusions and other parameters. The mean value, coefficient of variation and probability distribution of the effective elastic moduli are computed considering the material multiscale structure. The microscopic randomness is taken into account, and correlations of RAC among five phases are investigated. The effective elastic properties are used to obtain the global behavior of a composite structure. It is indicated that the response variability can be considerably affected by replacement percentage of recycled aggregates.

关键词： RAC     nano-indentation digital image     multiscale     microscopic randomness     homogenization    

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fracture process in forta and polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete using experimental analysis and digital

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1633-1652 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0876-3

摘要： This paper aims to characterize the evolution of the fracture process and the cracking behavior in Forta-Ferro (FF) and Polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced concrete under the uniaxial compressive loading using experimental analysis and digital image correlation (DIC) on the surface displacement. For this purpose, 6 mix designs, including two FF volume fractions of 0.10, and 0.20% and three PP volume fractions of 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40%, in addition to a control mix were evaluated according to compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, toughness index, and stress-strain curves. The influence of fibers on the microstructural texture of specimens was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Results show that FF fiber-reinforced concrete specimens demonstrated increased ductility and strength compared to PP fiber. DIC results revealed that the major crack and fracture appeared at the peak load of the control specimen due to brittleness and sudden gain of large lateral strain, while a gradual increase in micro-crack quantity at 75% of peak load was observed in the fiber specimens, which thenbegan to connect with each other up to the final fracture. The accuracy of the results supports DIC as a reliable alternative for the characterization of the fracture process in fiber-reinforced concrete.

关键词： fiber-reinforced concrete     forta-ferro and polypropylene fiber     fracture process     cracking behavior     digital image correlation    

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Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第4期   页码 510-525 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0460-z

摘要：

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile microfluidics technology that has significant application potential in the areas of automation and miniaturization. In DMF, discrete droplets containing samples and reagents are controlled to implement a series of operations via electrowetting-on-dielectric. This process works by applying electrical potentials to an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic dielectric layer. Unlike microchannels, DMF facilitates precise control over multiple reaction processes without using complex pump, microvalve, and tubing networks. DMF also presents other distinct features, such as portability, less sample consumption, shorter chemical reaction time, flexibility, and easier combination with other technology types. Due to its unique advantages, DMF has been applied to a broad range of fields (e.g., chemistry, biology, medicine, and environment). This study reviews the basic principles of droplet actuation, configuration design, and fabrication of the DMF device, as well as discusses the latest progress in DMF from the biochemistry perspective.

关键词： digital microfluidics     electrowetting on dielectric     discrete droplet     biochemistry    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Revisiting digital twins: Origins, fundamentals, and practices

期刊论文

数字孪生与信息物理系统——比较与联系

陶飞, 戚庆林, 王力翚, A.Y.C. Nee

期刊论文

Surface accuracy optimization of mechanical parts with multiple circular holes for additive manufacturing based on triangular fuzzy number

Jinghua XU, Hongsheng SHENG, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN, Jinlian DENG

期刊论文

Shay Shomroni：先进机器人的数字化双胞胎（2019年9月18日）

2021年08月12日

会议视频

Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

期刊论文

Development trend of urban design in “digital age”: Pan-dimensionality and individual-ubiquity

期刊论文

CHALLENGES AND CAPACITY GAPS IN SMALLHOLDER ACCESS TO DIGITAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES IN KENYA

期刊论文

从虚拟现实到数字孪生：关键技术与发展趋势

谭建荣(院士)

2020年11月28日

会议视频

Development of a novel two-stage proportional valve with a pilot digital flow distribution

Qiang GAO, Yuchuan ZHU, Changwen WU, Yulei JIANG

期刊论文

Digital twin-driven smart supply chain

期刊论文

Assessing compressive strengths of mortar and concrete from digital images by machine learning techniques

期刊论文

A simple digital control algorithm for three phase shunt active filter: simulation and experimentation

Subbaraman SRINATH, Chandan KUMAR, M. P. SELVAN

期刊论文

Three-scale stochastic homogenization of elastic recycled aggregate concrete based on nano-indentation digital

Chen WANG, Yuching WU, Jianzhuang XIAO

期刊论文

fracture process in forta and polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete using experimental analysis and digital

期刊论文

Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

期刊论文