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Fluorescent probes and functional materials for biomedical applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1425-1437 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2163-1

摘要： Due to their simplicity in preparation, sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become the analytical tool of choice in a wide range of research and industrial fields, facilitating the rapid detection of chemical substances of interest as well as the study of important physiological and pathological processes at the cellular level. In addition, many long-wavelength fluorescent probes developed have also proven applicable for in vivo biomedical applications including fluorescence-guided disease diagnosis and theranostics (e.g., fluorogenic prodrugs). Impressive progresses have been made in the development of sensing agents and materials for the detection of ions, organic small molecules, and biomacromolecules including enzymes, DNAs/RNAs, lipids, and carbohydrates that play crucial roles in biological and disease-relevant events. Here, we highlight examples of fluorescent probes and functional materials for biological applications selected from the special issues “Fluorescent Probes” and “Molecular Sensors and Logic Gates” recently published in this journal, offering insights into the future development of powerful fluorescence-based chemical tools for basic biological studies and clinical translation.

关键词： fluorescent probes imaging cell biomedicine biomolecules

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稀土功能材料2035 发展战略研究

朱明刚,孙旭,刘荣辉,徐会兵

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 37-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.006

摘要：

稀土功能材料作为我国最具有资源特色的关键战略材料之一，是支撑新一代信息技术、航空航天与现代武器装备、先进轨道交通、节能与新能源汽车、高性能医疗器械等高技术领域的核心材料。本文介绍了稀土功能材料产业的背景和发展现状，分析了我国稀土功能材料产业发展存在的问题，提出了面向新材料强国2035 发展战略的发展思路和重点发展方向，从强化稀土领域的战略预判和政策扶植、加强稀土领域的基础研究和应用基础、加强稀土优势团队和人才建设等方面提出政策建议，为促进稀土功能材料的领域发展，实现我国从稀土大国向稀土强国的战略性转变提供参考。

关键词：稀土功能材料，关键战略材料，新材料强国2035

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Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 798-816 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2316-x

摘要： The utilization of sustainable resources provides a path to relieving the problem of dependence on fossil resources. In this context, biomass materials have become a feasible substitute for petroleum-based materials. The development of biomass materials is booming and advanced biomass materials with various functional properties are used in many fields including medicine, electrochemistry, and environmental science. In recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used in biomass pretreatments and processing owing to their “green” characteristics and adjustable physicochemical properties. Thus, the effects of ionic liquids in biomass materials generation require further study. This review summarizes the multiple roles of ionic liquids in promoting the synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials as solvents, structural components, and modifiers. Finally, a prospective approach is proposed for producing additional higher-quality possibilities between ionic liquids and advanced biomass materials.

关键词： biomass materials functional materials ionic liquids synthesis structure-property relationship

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Seed-induced synthesis of functional MFI zeolite materials: Method development, crystallization mechanisms

Zhaoqi Ye, Hongbin Zhang, Yahong Zhang, Yi Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 143-158 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1852-x

摘要： As an important zeolite material, MFI zeolites, as well as their controllable synthesis, are of great interest in both basic and applied science. Among the developed synthetic approaches, the seed-induced method has gradually evolved into a facile, low-cost, and even green alternative to give zeolites the desirable physicochemical properties. In this review, we briefly summarize the development of seed-induced syntheses of diverse functional MFI zeolites, where the “living” seed crystals not only direct the formation of zeolitic framework but also function as special “templates” or “units” to fine-tune the zeolite materials with diverse sizes, shapes, compositions, morphologies and pore structures. Moreover, on the basis of their structural features and crystallization behaviors in seed-induced synthesis, we reveal the roles of seeds and discuss the related crystallization mechanisms including both classical and non-classical pathways. We also want to guide readers to investigate the structure-performance relationships between these functional MFI zeolite catalysts and suitable catalytic reactions.

关键词： seed-induced synthesis MFI zeolite synthesis mechanism catalytic property

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油料中功能性成分的研究开发与油脂工程技术的发展

张根旺

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第3期页码 82-86

摘要：

植物油料是植物油脂与植物蛋白的主要来源。油脂中所含的某些脂肪酸及某种结构的甘油酯具有特殊的生理功能，近几年来，这方面的研究开发取得了重要进展。国内外的油脂工业主要是利用油料生产各种食用油脂，其次是获取植物蛋白制品。实际上，在油脂精炼及植物蛋白制取过程中产生的许多所谓“废料”，长期以来未得到充分利用。近些年发现，在“废料”中很多伴随油脂的类脂物及伴随植物蛋白的植物化学品，具有独特的生理效能，因而这些高附加值的功能性成分的开发利用受到高度重视。由于油料中的功能性成分的特殊性，现有的油料加工工艺与装备不能适应其分离提取的要求，由此推动着油脂工程技术的发展和生物技术在功能性结构脂开发上的应用。

关键词：油料功能性成分技术发展

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高熵合金材料研究进展与展望

李天昕,王书道,卢一平,曹志强 ,王同敏,李廷举

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 170-181 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.016

摘要：

随着世界科技水平的快速发展以及国民经济建设对高性能合金材料的迫切需求，传统单一主元合金逐渐不能满足人们与日俱增的使役需求。高熵合金因其独特的物理、化学以及力学性能，极大地拓展了金属材料成分设计范围，有望在国防、航空、航天、海洋、核能、医疗、新能源等重大工程领域发挥重要作用。本文结合各领域对先进高熵合金材料的具体需求，梳理了高熵合金材料的特征和内涵，分析了高熵合金材料发展的整体形势与前景，厘清了国内外高熵合金的发展现状。在此基础上，指出了我国高熵合金领域存在的差距和不足，我国高熵合金部分基础原材料依赖进口，严重威胁产业链安全；高熵合金产学研用体系尚未健全，工业化应用方面的研发投入有待提高。针对上述问题，研究建议，加强高熵合金材料研发的顶层设计，完善产业政策；加强企业和科研机构的对接和沟通；完善高熵合金材料标准、测试、表征、评价体系；推进人才队伍建设；降低材料成本，打造高附加值产品，促进我国先进高熵合金材料产业朝着体系化、绿色化、高端化、智能化方向发展。

关键词：高熵合金；新材料；有色金属；关键战略材料；结构材料；功能材料

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David A.Weitz：Soft Functional Materials Prepared by Microfluidics（2019年6月15日）

David A.Weitz(院士)

2021年01月20日

关键词：医学

中国功能晶体研究进展 Review

王继扬,于浩海,吴以成,Robert Boughton

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 192-210 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015053

摘要：

功能晶体是现代科学技术发展的基础材料之一，在当前信息时代发挥着重要和关键的作用。本文总结了若干功能晶体的研究进展，综述了中国功能晶体的现状及重大成就和重要应用，讨论了功能晶体面临的挑战和机遇，提出了可能的发展方向。

关键词：功能材料，激光晶体，非线性光学晶体，闪烁晶体，弛豫型铁电晶体，半导体

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SERS nanoprobes for bio-application

Han-Wen Cheng,Jin Luo,Chuan-Jian Zhong

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 428-441 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1536-0

摘要： The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of metal (e.g., gold and silver) nanoparticles, especially those with magnetic properties and bio-conjugated structures, as theranostic nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes exhibit tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for signal amplifications. Examples discussed in this article will focus on the nanoproble-enhanced colorimetric detection and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of biomarkers or biomolecules such as proteins and DNAs. The understanding of factors controlling the biomolecular interactions is essential for the design of SERS nanoprobes with theranostic functions.

关键词： surface-enhanced Raman scattering functional nanoprobes bio-conjugation metal nanoparticles magnetic properties theranostic materials

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我国先进铜基材料发展战略研究

米绪军,娄花芬,解浩峰,莫永达,张文婧,向朝建

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第1期页码 96-103 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.006

摘要：

铜及铜基材料以其优异的力学、功能和工艺综合性能而广泛应用于电力电子、汽车、机械制造以及航空、航天、通信、集成电路等高技术制造领域。我国是世界上最大的铜材生产国和消费国，广阔的应用市场使先进铜基材料拥有良好发展前景。本文在综述铜加工行业宏观环境和发展概况的基础上，分析了我国铜基材料发展取得的成绩和不足，深层次剖析了我国铜加工产业“大而不强”的原因，重点梳理了我国高强导电铜合金材料、高性能电子铜箔、耐蚀铜合金、耐磨铜合金、铜基热管理材料、特殊用途铜材和新能源用铜材的发展现状、存在问题及未来发展趋势。面向重大应用需求布局前沿方向，推动我国先进铜基材料的进一步发展，研究提出了形成有效的“产学研用”互动机制，建立国家铜基材料产业和技术发展协调平台等发展建议。

关键词：先进铜基材料；功能特性；高技术制造；铜加工行业

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Development and applications of functional gene microarrays in the analysis of the functional diversity

Zhili HE, Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND, Ye DENG, Jizhong ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-20 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0301-y

摘要： Functional gene arrays (FGAs) are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes, such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, energy processing, and stress responses. GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs. Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval, probe design and verification, array construction, data analysis, and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology. GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid, specific, sensitive, and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner. Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity, composition, structure, function, and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats, such as water, soil, marine, bioreactor, human microbiome, and extreme ecosystems. GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change, bioenergy, bioremediation, agricultural operation, land use, human health, environmental restoration, and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.

关键词： functional gene arrays (FGAs) GeoChip microbial communities functional diversity/composition/structure environmental factor ecosystem functioning

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极端条件下材料化学和输运性质的第一原理研究 Review

John S. Tse

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 421-433 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.008

摘要：

地球是一个动态系统。从常温常压到地核的360 GPa 和6600 K，地球的热力学状态随着深度的变化而发生很大变化。因此，地球成分（如硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物）的物理和化学性质受其所处环境的显著影响。在过去的30 年中，在极端条件下的材料表征的实验技术和理论模拟方法都取得了巨大的进步。这些进步提升了我们对矿物特性的理解，这对于充分认识这个星球的形成及其生命起源至关重要。本文回顾了用于预测极端条件下材料性质的最新计算技术，本研究仅限于应用第一原理分子动力学（first principle molecular dynamics, FPMD）方法研究与地球科学相关的化学和热力学输运过程。

关键词：高压高温地幔分子动力学密度泛函方法输运性质化学反应

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巨晓洁：用于水处理和水检测的新型功能材料（2022年4月16日）

2022年06月09日

关键词：绿色化工

Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental functional

Zhaoxing HAN, Zhenyao SHEN, Yongwei GONG, Qian HONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 119-129 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0272-z

摘要： Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.

关键词： emission trading water functional zone water quality control

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Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

Yi ZHONG, Jian WANG, Yizhi SONG, Yuting LIANG, Guanghe LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 797-805 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z

摘要： A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa ( L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR>FR>NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.

关键词： crude oil-contaminated soil phytoremediation rhizosphere effects rhizobox functional genes