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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 10⁵ W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge high-energy sites targeted-energy transition morphology design energy efficiency

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Energy transition management towards a low-carbon world

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 499-503 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0201-9

关键词： energy transition low-carbon technology system modeling transition path emission reduction

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain new energy vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle life cycle cost technological learning

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Will Massive Appetite for Minerals Stall Clean Energy Transition?

Mitch Leslie,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.001

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Special issue: Transition management of energy systems towards carbon neutrality

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 355-357 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0219-z

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Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China: Pathways, implications and uncertainties

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0202-8

摘要： Achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060 requires a radical energy transition. To identify the possible transition pathways of China’s energy system, this study presents a scenario-based assessment using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. China could peak the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions before 2030 with current policies, while carbon neutrality entails a reduction of 7.8 Gt CO₂ in emissions in 2060 and requires an energy system overhaul. The assessment of the relationship between the energy transition and energy return on investment (EROI) reveals that energy transition may decrease the EROI, which would trigger increased energy investment, energy demand, and emissions. Uncertainty analysis further shows that the slow renewable energy integration policies and carbon capture and storage (CCS) penetration pace could hinder the emission mitigation, and the possible fossil fuel shortage calls for a much rapid proliferation of wind and solar power. Results suggest a continuation of the current preferential policies for renewables and further research and development on deployment of CCS. The results also indicate the need for backup capacities to enhance the energy security during the transition.

关键词： carbon neutrality energy transition uncertainty EROI LEAP

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中国能源困境与转型

石元春

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第11期页码 4-12

摘要：

中国石油和天然气资源贫乏，进口依存度超过50 %，煤炭的储产比也降到了50以下。中国能源消费结构中煤炭占到七成，CO₂排放超过美国。能源转型是当今世界，也是中国发展的大趋势。能源转型的方向是清洁能源，发展清洁能源的重点是可再生能源。中国清洁能源资源具有替代现能源消费总量七成以上的潜力；可再生能源中的小水电、风能和生物质能的可经济利用资源量分别是0.63亿吨，1.23亿吨和10.47亿吨（标煤）。中国生物质原料资源最丰富，而且可以立竿见影地增加农民收入，促进农村经济发展，是发展可再生能源和能源转型的战略重点。

关键词：中国能源困境转型

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Energy budget and economic analysis in conventional and organic rice production systems and organic scenariosin the transition period in Iran

Hamed MANSOORI, Parviz Rezvani MOGHADDAM, Rooholla MORADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 341-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0206-x

摘要： Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective in reducing water and soil pollution, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and risk of human health. In additional, field management under organic condition can be useful for increasing energy efficiency. Rice is one of the important crops which are cultivated in two forms, organic and conventional, in Iran. In order to compare the energy efficiency and economic analysis of rice production in organic and conventional systems in Iran, needed information was collected by face-to-face questionnaire in 2011 and three scenarios were designed to predict the changes of energy budget and economic analysis in the transition period that included: 25%, 50% and 75% organic management in rice production. The results showed that all energy indexes were improved in organic rice production compared to conventional condition. Higher values of benefit to cost ratio, gross and net return and lower value of total cost of production were obtained from organic rice production which indicated that the organic management of farm improved economically in comparison with the conventional rice production system. The shares of direct and renewable energies were increased by approach to organic management. Increase in energy efficiency and productivity was predicted for the transition period but decrease trend in economic indexes was projected for this period in all scenarios. The main reason for decreasing economic indexes in organic scenarios was that the market price of organic rice was the same as that of conventional rice in the transition period.

关键词： energy efficiency specific energy net return Cobb-Douglas function

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Tackling climate change and promoting the energy revolution

Xiangwan DU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 338-343 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0535-5

摘要：

Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China’s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable development needs of the country. In this paper, the reasonability of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) is examined and the fact that low-carbon development can lead to modernization is demonstrated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China’s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China’s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China’s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low-carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; specifically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.

关键词： climate change Paris Agreement low-carbon transition energy revolution

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“双碳”背景下我国中长期能源需求预测与转型路径研究

黄震,谢晓敏,张庭婷

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 8-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.002

摘要：

我国是世界上最大的能源消费和碳排放国家，能源结构“偏煤”、产业结构“偏重”的特点给碳达峰、碳中和（“双碳”）目标实现及能源领域高质量发展构成挑战，因而面向未来的能源转型路径研究较为迫切。本文在梳理我国能源发展现状的基础上，对我国中长期能源需求和转型趋势进行了预测及分析。研究结果表明，2035 年我国一次能源需求总量为5.56×10⁹~5.96×10⁹ tce，单位国内生产总值CO₂排放强度较2005 年将下降77.6%~81.5%；能源相关CO₂排放将在“十五五”时期达峰；能效提高，可再生能源发展，碳捕获、利用与封存技术应用，氢能及可再生燃料替代是降低能源CO₂排放的主要技术措施，技术创新是推动重点领域绿色低碳转型的核心驱动力。进一步从推进节能战略，发展可再生能源，加强技术创新，统筹法制、技术和市场等方面提出了发展建议，以期为能源领域高质量发展提供参考。

关键词：碳达峰；碳中和；能源需求；能源转型

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Toward energy finance market transition: Does China’s oil futures shake up global spots market?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 409-424 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0207-3

摘要： China is breaking through the petrodollar system, establishing RMB-dominating crude oil futures market. The country is achieving a milestone in its transition to energy finance market internationalization. This study explores the price leadership of China’s crude oil futures and identifies its price co-movement to uncover whether it truly shakes up the global oil spots market. First, we find that for oil spots under different gravities, China’s oil futures is only a net price information receiver from light-, medium-, and heavy-gravity oil spots, but it has a relatively stronger price co-movement with these three spots. Second, for oil spots under different sulfur contents, China’s oil futures still has weak price leadership in sweet, neutral, and sour oil spots, but it has strong co-movement with them. Third, for oil spots under different geographical origins, China’s oil futures shows price leadership in East Asian and Australian oil spots at the medium- and long-run time scales and strong price co-movement with East Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Australian oil spots. China’s oil futures may not have good price leadership in global spots market, but it features favorable price co-movement.

关键词： China’s oil futures price information spillover price co-movement BK spillover index BDECO model

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全球能源转型及我国能源革命战略系统分析

赵云龙,孔庚,李卓然,麻林巍,倪维斗

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 15-23 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.005

摘要：

能源革命是实现能源系统与经济社会、生态环境协调发展的重要途径，能源战略对国家和地区能源革命进程的推进具有重大影响。本文提出了一种用于能源战略分析的“SEGO”系统分析方法，从能源挑战、能源系统、能源治理和能源市场4个要素及其关系出发，对全球能源转型及我国能源革命战略进行了系统分析。研究表明，全球面临能源公平、能源安全和能源绿色化多重能源挑战，且缺乏强有力的全球能源治理，导致全球能源系统转型总体较为缓慢，中国被期望在推动全球能源系统转型中起到更加积极主动的作用；我国的能源可持续发展逐步推进，在能源革命过程中面临能源系统集成等挑战，但政治意愿坚定，有效推动了能源转型，实现了少耗能、少排放。研究建议，我国能源革命应从经济社会、生态环境的全景视角下，做好能源发展的全局系统优化和全程精细管控，尤其做好不同类型能源网络之间共建、共享、共调的深度协同，加速能源新技术、新产业的颠覆式创新。

关键词：能源转型，全球能源系统，中国能源系统，SEGO

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能源系统低碳转型——工程管理视角下的文献计量研究 Review

周鹏, 吕悦, 闻雯

《工程（英文）》 2023年第29卷第10期页码 147-158 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.11.010

摘要：

作为应对气候变化的主要途径，能源系统低碳转型近年来受到国内外学者和政策制定者的日益关注。本文从工程管理视角出发，对能源系统低碳转型的相关研究成果进行文献计量分析。首先，明晰了能源系统低碳转型的内涵与外延，包括能源结构绿色转型、化石能源清洁化利用和能源效率提升三个方面。其次，运用系统检索与文献计量分析方法揭示了相关研究现状及发展趋势。研究发现，能源系统低碳转型相关的管理问题研究近年来呈指数增长趋势，尤其受到中国、英国、美国、德国和荷兰学者的关注。由于该领域研究具有较为明显的跨学科特征，相关研究成果主要发表于能源工程类、环境科学类以及与能源相关的社会科学类期刊。通过文献聚类分析，发现关于能源系统低碳转型管理问题的现有研究大体可划分为四类：①关注不同时空尺度与系统约束下的能源系统低碳转型路径研究；②聚焦可再生能源技术、污染防控技术等驱动能源系统低碳转型的低碳技术扩散研究；③服务不同部门及区域能源系统低碳转型的设施与网络规划研究；④涵盖政治、经济、社会、自然等维度的能源系统低碳转型驱动机制研究。上述研究方向在能源系统低碳转型过程中发挥着不同但相互支撑的重要作用，其中考虑多目标协同的韧性能源低碳转型路径设计、兼顾成本有效性与系统可靠性的能源设施网络规划、能源系统低碳转型的多层级风险管理问题仍有待进一步深入研究和突破，商业模式、非政府参与者、能源公平、深度脱碳和净零能源建筑等是近期较为受关注的研究热点。

关键词：低碳转型能源系统文献计量研究系统性综述

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Martin Blunt：Flow in Porous Media in the Energy Transition（2022年10月12日）

2022年10月18日

关键词：碳中和

碳中和愿景下的中国能源转型之路 Article

张枢, 陈文颖

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 64-76 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.004

摘要：

为了实现碳中和，中国能源系统需要经历深刻转型。本文利用能源-环境-经济模型China TIMES，设计了4个面向碳中和的能源转型情景，对因实现碳达峰时间不同和2050年碳排放量不同引起的转型路径差异进行了比较。结果显示，中国的二氧化碳排放量将在2025—2030年达到103亿~104亿吨的峰值。2050年，中国能源消费总量（电热当量）的60%、发电量的90%将由可再生能源提供，终端电气化率提升至接近60%。能源转型将带来持续的空气质量改善，2050年局地空气污染物排放较2020年减少85%，而提前达峰能够产生更多的近期收益。提前达峰要求在未来10年大量部署可再生能源，并在2025年后加速淘汰煤炭，这加大了近期的减排压力。然而，这些措施能尽早获得更好的空气质量，减少二氧化碳累计排放，为其他部门的转型争取更多时间。另外，本研究还发现，中国2050年的减排压力会在近期对可再生能源的发展、能源服务需求变化和福利损失产生影响。

关键词：碳中和能源转型气候变化减缓 China TIMES模型协同效应