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Ultrafast-laser-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes with enhanced

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 206-216 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2203-x

摘要： Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important organic electrode for solution-processed low-cost electronic devices. However, it requires doping and post-solvent treatment to improve its conductivity, and the chemicals used for such treatments may affect the device fabrication process. In this study, we developed a novel route for exploiting ultrafast lasers (femtosecond and picosecond laser) to simultaneously enhance the conductivity and transparency of PEDOT:PSS films and fabricate patterned solution-processed electrodes for electronic devices. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film was improved by three orders of magnitude (from 3.1 to 1024 S·cm^–1), and high transparency of up to 88.5% (average visible transmittance, AVT) was achieved. Raman and depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxidation level of PEDOT was enhanced, thereby increasing the carrier concentration. The surface PSS content also decreased, which is beneficial to the carrier mobility, resulting in significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. Further, we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cells using the as-made PEDOT:PSS as the transparent top electrodes, and a power conversion efficiency of 7.39% was achieved with 22.63% AVT. Thus, the proposed route for synthesizing conductive and transparent electrodes is promising for vacuum and doping-free electronics.

关键词： PEDOT:PSS ultrafast laser transparent electrode ST-PSCs patterning

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超快超强激光及其科学应用发展趋势研究

刘军,曾志男,梁晓燕,冷雨欣,李儒新

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 42-48 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.007

摘要：

超快超强激光兼具超快时域特性和超高峰值功率特性，为人类在实验室中创造出了前所未有的超快时间、超高强场、超高温度和超高压力等极端物理条件，成为用于拓展人类认知的前沿基础科学研究最重要的工具之一。本文从超快激光和超强激光的应用与发展需求出发，系统调研了国内外研究和科学应用的现状，提出了我国超快激光和超强激光的发展思路与目标以及为实现这些目标需要重点发展的相关方法和技术。针对超高峰值功率和高重复频率超强激光面向未来的重要方向，分析了我国分阶段发展的重点内容，突出了相关技术与配套元器件研究的重要性。此外，在注重基础研究、多方面吸引和培育人才、加强国际合作、促进产业化等方面提出了超快超强激光发展的措施建议，以期为我国激光技术与科学应用的稳步发展提供方向参照。

关键词：超快超强激光飞秒激光阿秒激光拍瓦激光发展趋势

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Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

Jing HUANG, Yuwen ZHANG, J. K. CHEN, Mo YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 1-11 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0179-9

摘要： Effects of different parameters on the melting, vaporization and resolidification processes of thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond pulses and pulse train were systematically studied. The classical two-temperature model was adopted to depict the non-equilibrium heat transfer in electrons and lattice. The melting and resolidification processes, which was characterized by the solid-liquid interfacial velocity, as well as elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature, was obtained by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. Vaporization process which leads to ablation was described by tracking the location of liquid-vapor interface with an iterative procedure based on energy balance and gas kinetics law. The parameters in discussion included film thickness, laser fluence, pulse duration, pulse number, repetition rate, pulse train number, etc. Their effects on the maximum lattice temperature, melting depth and ablation depth were discussed based on the simulation results.

关键词： melting evaporation nucleation dynamics nanoscale heat transfer

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用于超快电子器件的全通型波导 Article

Desong Wang, Ke Wu

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 49-54 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.005

摘要：

Ultrashort pulse transmission has been recognized as a primary problem that fundamentally hinders the development of ultrafast electronics beyond the current nanosecond timescale. This requires a transmission line or waveguide that exhibits an all-pass frequency behavior for the transmitted ultrashort pulse signals. However, this type of waveguiding structure has not yet been practically developed; groundbreaking innovations and advances in signal transmission technology are urgently required to address this scenario. Herein, we present a synthesized all-pass waveguide that demonstrates record guided-wave controlling capabilities, including eigenmode reshaping, polarization rotation, loss reduction, and dispersion improvement. We experimentally developed two waveguides for use in ultrabroad frequency ranges (direct current (DC)-to-millimeter-wave and DC-to-terahertz). Our results suggest that the waveguides can efficiently transmit picosecond electrical pulses while maintaining signal integrity. This waveguide technology is an important breakthrough in the evolution of ultrafast electronics, providing a path towards frequency-engineered ultrashort pulses for low-loss and low-dispersion transmissions.

关键词： All-pass waveguide Ultrashort pulse Picosecond transmission Ultrafast electronics Terahertz technology Mode-selective transmission line

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激光去除与连接技术发展研究

陈俐,巩水利,何恩光

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 78-84 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.012

摘要：

随着激光技术的发展，激光去除与连接技术深刻影响着制造业技术的发展，并以柔性、高效、高质的综合优势成为不可或缺的先进制造技术。在先进制造智能化发展的时代，激光技术、数字信息技术等的融合必将推动激光去除与连接技术的应用发展与创新。本文选取工业应用最广的激光焊接、激光切割、激光打孔、激光打标4 种激光去除与连接技术，概述了激光去除与连接技术的应用现状，分析了其在支撑先进制造发展过程中存在的问题。研究表明，激光去除与连接技术的发展应注重工艺基础和装备研究一体化的研究，解决激光加工单元部件、激光加工工艺、智能集成各环节的关键技术，强化工艺基础研究平台建设，关注技术创新和人才培养的多维度结合，以促进激光去除与连接技术从工艺应用开发到装备市场保障的生态链式的协同发展。

关键词：激光加工激光焊接激光切割激光打孔激光打标

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Multi-material additive manufacturing—functionally graded materials by means of laser remelting duringlaser powder bed fusion

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0765-z

摘要： Many processes may be used for manufacturing functionally graded materials. Among them, additive manufacturing seems to be predestined due to near-net shape manufacturing of complex geometries combined with the possibility of applying different materials in one component. By adjusting the powder composition of the starting material layer by layer, a macroscopic and step-like gradient can be achieved. To further improve the step-like gradient, an enhancement of the in-situ mixing degree, which is limited according to the state of the art, is necessary. In this paper, a novel technique for an enhancement of the in-situ material mixing degree in the melt pool by applying laser remelting (LR) is described. The effect of layer-wise LR on the formation of the interface was investigated using pure copper and low-alloy steel in a laser powder bed fusion process. Subsequent cross-sectional selective electron microscopic analyses were carried out. By applying LR, the mixing degree was enhanced, and the reaction zone thickness between the materials was increased. Moreover, an additional copper and iron-based phase was formed in the interface, resulting in a smoother gradient of the chemical composition than the case without LR. The Marangoni convection flow and thermal diffusion are the driving forces for the observed effect.

关键词： multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) functionally graded materials (FGMs) laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) laser remelting (LR) pure copper

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Temperature field simulation of laser homogenizing equipment

Juanjuan WANG, Yunshan WANG, Fudong ZHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 49-52 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0005-1

摘要： The laser homogenizing equipment was devised using the ring scanning principle. Its working principle is explained. A laser scanning ring facula is obtained when the laser beam goes through the equipment’s optical system rotating with high-frequency. The scanning ring facula’s mathematic model is established based on the temperature field’s superposing principle. The ring facula’s light intensity distribution and temperature distribution characteristics are achieved by simulating its temperature field. By studying the effect of parameters on the temperature field, the best parameter can be found. Results show that favorable temperature distribution characteristics can be attained by choosing appropriate parameters, and even the thermal effect can be realized by utilizing the circumference power compensating for the heat exchange lost in the horizontal direction. The uniform hardness layer and better process quality can be attained using the ring facula optimized for metal laser heat treatment.

关键词： laser homogenizing technology laser scanning ring facula temperature field

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Processing parameter optimization of fiber laser beam welding using an ensemble of metamodels and MOABC

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0703-5

摘要： In fiber laser beam welding (LBW), the selection of optimal processing parameters is challenging and plays a key role in improving the bead geometry and welding quality. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization framework by combining an ensemble of metamodels (EMs) with the multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (MOABC) to identify the optimal welding parameters. An inverse proportional weighting method that considers the leave-one-out prediction error is presented to construct EM, which incorporates the competitive strengths of three metamodels. EM constructs the correlation between processing parameters (laser power, welding speed, and distance defocus) and bead geometries (bead width, depth of penetration, neck width, and neck depth) with average errors of 10.95%, 7.04%, 7.63%, and 8.62%, respectively. On the basis of EM, MOABC is employed to approximate the Pareto front, and verification experiments show that the relative errors are less than 14.67%. Furthermore, the main effect and the interaction effect of processing parameters on bead geometries are studied. Results demonstrate that the proposed EM-MOABC is effective in guiding actual fiber LBW applications.

关键词： laser beam welding parameter optimization metamodel multi-objective

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我国激光技术与应用2035 发展战略研究

“我国激光技术与应用2035 发展战略研究”项目综合组

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 1-6 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.001

摘要：

为促进激光技术及应用的发展，中国工程院于2018 年启动了“我国激光技术与应用2035 发展战略研究”重点咨询项目，本文是项目研究综合报告，文章简要分析了激光技术及在科研与产业中的工具性、引领性和颠覆性作用，分析了我国激光技术在前沿激光、制造加工、信息通信、医疗诊治等领域的科研和应用的发展现状，梳理了多个制约加速发展的问题，提出了我国激光技术及应用2035 年发展目标设想：强化顶层统筹谋划，引领我国激光技术与应用产业快速发展；加强基础研究，聚力突破产业化发展中的重大基础问题、共性技术基础和基础材料、器件；设立应用研发专项，打造多个新激光产业链；创新产业协同机制，完善激光产业创新生态；强化激光基础教育，加大对激光及光学学科人才培养力度等政策措施建议。

关键词：激光技术激光制造激光通信激光诊疗

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Development of lunar regolith composite and structure via laser-assisted sintering

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0662-2

摘要： Aiming at the exploration and resource utilization activities on the Moon, in situ resource utilization and in situ manufacturing are proposed to minimize the dependence on the ground transportation supplies. In this paper, a laser-assisted additive manufacturing process is developed to fabricate lunar regolith composites with PA12/SiO₂ mixing powders. The process parameters and composite material compositions are optimized in an appropriate range through orthogonal experiments to establish the relationship of process–structure–property for lunar regolith composites. The optimal combination of composite material compositions and process parameters are mixing ratio of 50/50 in volume, laser power of 30 W, scanning speed of 3500 mm/s, and scanning hatch space of 0.2 mm. The maximum tensile strength of lunar regolith composites reaches 9.248 MPa, and the maximum depth of surface variation is 120.79 μm, which indicates poor powder fusion and sintering quality. Thereafter, the mechanical properties of laser-sintered lunar regolith composites are implemented to the topology optimization design of complex structures. The effectiveness and the feasibility of this laser-assisted process are potentially developed for future lightweight design and manufacturing of the solar panel installed on the lunar rover.

关键词： in situ manufacturing laser-assisted powder fusion process mechanical properties topological structure design

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激光表面改性技术发展研究

张群莉,王梁,梅雪松,姚建华

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 71-77 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.010

摘要：

激光表面改性技术利用高能量密度的激光束对零部件局部易损易耗区域进行快速处理，获得材料表面所需性能，进而大幅延长零部件使用寿命，已在航空航天、石油化工、能源、交通、冶金等领域获得应用。本文针对激光冲击强化、激光淬火、激光熔覆3 种典型的激光表面改性技术，梳理了相应技术特点及国内外应用现状，凝练我国相关技术领域面临的差距与问题，总结激光表面改性技术的重点发展方向：专用合金材料制备、多能场激光复合表面改性、面向现场的激光再制造、激光冲击强化控形控性、激光表面改性智能化、激光表面微结构化。从政府引导、国产化创新、产业链完善、质量评价标准体系、人才培养等方面提出发展建议，以期为我国激光表面改性技术发展提供参考借鉴。

关键词：激光表面改性冲击强化淬火熔覆发展趋势

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Advances in polishing of internal structures on parts made by laser-based powder bed fusion

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0724-0

摘要： The internal structures of metallic products are important in realizing functional applications. Considering the manufacturing of inner structures, laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an attractive approach because its layering principle enables the fabrication of parts with customized interior structures. However, the inferior surface quality of L-PBF components hinders its productization progress seriously. In this article, process, basic forms, and applications relevant to L-PBF internal structures are reviewed comprehensively. The causes of poor surface quality and differences in the microstructure and property of the surface features of L-PBF inner structures are presented to provide a perspective of their surface characteristics. Various polishing technologies for L-PBF components with inner structures are presented, whereas their strengths and weaknesses are summarized along with a discussion on the challenges and prospects for improving the interior surface quality of L-PBF parts.

关键词： laser-based powder bed fusion polishing internal structures surface quality surface features post process additive manufacturing

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Hybrid forming mechanism of patternless casting and laser cladding

Zhongde SHAN, Fuzhen SUN, Yang LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 393-401 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0550-1

摘要： In accordance with the requirement of manufacturing dies quickly and economically, a hybrid forming method of stamping dies for automobile panels is proposed. The method combines digital patternless casting and high-power laser cladding. An experimental study is conducted on the hybrid forming process and its trial production and application in the manufacturing of stamping dies for typical panels. Results prove that the laser cladding layer exceeds HRC60 (Rockwell hardness) and thus meets the production efficiency requirement of automobile dies. The rate of defects is well controlled. Compared with traditional technology, this technology has remarkable advantages and advancement.

关键词： patternless casting laser cladding hybrid forming rapid tooling

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zone-layered trimming method for ceramic core of aero-engine blade based on an advanced reconfigurable laser

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0675-5

摘要： Ceramic structural parts are one of the most widely utilized structural parts in the industry. However, they usually contain defects following the pressing process, such as burrs. Therefore, additional trimming is usually required, despite the deformation challenges and difficulty in positioning. This paper proposes an ultrafast laser processing system for trimming complex ceramic structural parts. Opto-electromechanical cooperative control software is developed to control the laser processing system. The trimming problem of the ceramic cores used in aero engines is studied. The regional registration method is introduced based on the iterative closest point algorithm to register the path extracted from the computer-aided design model with the deformed ceramic core. A zonal and layering processing method for three-dimensional contours on complex surfaces is proposed to generate the working data of high-speed scanning galvanometer and the computer numerical control machine tool, respectively. The results show that the laser system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for trimming complex non-datum parts such as ceramic cores. Compared with the results of manual trimming, the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy, efficiency, and yield. The method mentioned above has been used in practical application with satisfactory results.

关键词： ceramic parts trimming computer-aided laser manufacturing 3D vision reconfigurable laser processing system

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我国激光技术医疗应用和产业发展战略研究

邱海霞,李步洪,马辉,魏勋斌,杨思华,李阳,谭一舟,陈德福,赵洪友,曾晶,顾瑛

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 14-20 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.003

摘要：

激光诊疗技术在生命健康领域得到了越来越多的成功应用，成为现代医学精准诊疗的重要组成部分。本文针对激光技术医疗应用主题，重点从实际应用和产业链的视角出发，梳理我国激光技术在临床治疗、诊断和产业化方面的发展现状、前景趋势和存在问题。研究发现，尽管我国在激光治疗技术、医用激光诊疗设备及其产业发展方面均取得了长足进步，但整体而言，激光医疗技术的临床应用仍处于跟踪起步和同步发展阶段，原创性应用研究有所缺乏，医用激光设备的研发和产业化处于中低端，用于精准诊疗的超快激光器等关键技术和高端设备仍未打破国外垄断。研究建议，设立我国激光医学二级学科，加强国家级激光医疗科技创新平台建设，针对性开展激光医疗器械法规建设，出台相关政策扶持激光医疗器械产业发展，组织攻关医用激光诊疗设备关键核心技术。

关键词：激光技术医疗激光诊断激光治疗激光产业