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Photocatalysis: from solar light to hydrogen energy

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 565-567 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0784-6

A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

《能源前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 89-97 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0176-z

摘要: This paper discusses two problems in in-line particle sizing when using light fluctuation method. First, by retrieving the ratio of particle concentrations at different time, the intensity of incident light is obtained. There exists narrow error between the calculated and pre-detected value of the intensity of incident light. Secondly, by combining spectrum analysis with Gregory’s theory, a multi-sub-size zone model is proposed, with which the relationship between the distribution of turbidity and the particle size distribution (PSD) can be established, and an algorithm developed to determine the distribution of turbidity. Experiments conducted in the laboratory indicate that the measured size distribution of pulverized coal conforms well with the imaging result.

关键词: in-line measurement     particle size distribution (PSD)     incident light intensity     particle concentration     light fluctuation    

Plasmonic light trapping for enhanced light absorption in film-coupled ultrathin metamaterial thermophotovoltaic

Qing NI, Hassan ALSHEHRI, Yue YANG, Hong YE, Liping WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 185-194 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0522-x

摘要: Ultrathin cells have gained increasing attention due to their potential for reduced weight, reduced cost and increased flexibility. However, the light absorption in ultrathin cells is usually very weak compared to the corresponding bulk cells. To achieve enhanced photon absorption in ultrathin thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells, this work proposed a film-coupled metamaterial structure made of nanometer-thick gallium antimonide (GaSb) layer sandwiched by a top one-dimensional (1D) metallic grating and a bottom metal film. The spectral normal absorptance of the proposed structure was calculated using the rigorous coupled-wave algorithm (RCWA) and the absorption enhancement was elucidated to be attributed to the excitations of magnetic polariton (MP), surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance. The mechanisms of MP, SPP, and FP were further confirmed by an inductor-capacitor circuit model, dispersion relation, and phase shift, respectively. Effects of grating period, width, spacer thickness, as well as incidence angle were discussed. Moreover, short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, output electric power, and conversion efficiency were evaluated for the ultrathin GaSb TPV cell with a film-coupled metamaterial structure. This work will facilitate the development of next-generation low-cost ultrathin infrared TPV cells.

关键词: metamaterial     thermophotovoltaic     plasmonics     light trapping     selective absorption    

HQ in inland saline-alkaline water under different light qualities

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1479-2

摘要:

• Optimal growth of Chlorella in inland saline-alkaline water was achieved by blue LED.

关键词: Light quality     Chlorella     Inland saline-alkaline water     Fatty acid     Biodiesel property    

Effect of light scattering on the performance of a direct absorption solar collector

Kwang Hyun WON, Bong Jae LEE

《能源前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 169-177 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0527-5

摘要: Recently, a solar thermal collector often employs nanoparticle suspension to absorb the solar radiation directly by a working fluid as well as to enhance its thermal performance. The collector efficiency of a direct absorption solar collector (DASC) is very sensitive to optical properties of the working fluid, such as absorption and scattering coefficients. Most of the existing studies have neglected particle scattering by assuming that the size of nanoparticle suspension is much smaller than the wavelength of solar radiation (i.e., Rayleigh scattering is applicable). If the nanoparticle suspension is made of metal, however, the scattering cross-section of metallic nanoparticles could be comparable to their absorption cross-section depending on the particle size, especially when the localized surface plasmon (LSP) is excited. Therefore, for the DASC utilizing a plasmonic nanofluid supporting the LSP, light scattering from metallic particle suspension must be taken into account in the thermal analysis. The present study investigates the scattering effect on the thermal performance of the DASC employing plasmonic nanofluid as a working fluid. In the analysis, the Monte Carlo method is employed to numerically solve the radiative transfer equation considering the volume scattering inside the nanofluid. It is found that the light scattering can improve the collector performance if the scattering coefficient of nanofluid is carefully engineered depending on its value of the absorption coefficient.

关键词: direct absorption solar collector     plasmonic nanofluid     light scattering    

Light olefins synthesis from С

Anton SHALYGIN, Evgenii PAUKSHTIS, Evgenii KOVALYOV, Bair BAL’ZHINIMAEV

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 279-288 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1338-1

摘要: A two-step process was employed to convert methane or ethane to light olefins via the formation of an intermediate monoalkyl halide. A novel K RuOCl /TiO catalyst was tested for the oxidative chlorination of methane and ethane. The catalyst had high selectivity for methyl and ethyl chlorides, 80% and 90%, respectively. During the oxychlorination of ethane at ≥250°C, the formation of ethylene as a reaction product along with ethyl chloride was observed. In situ Fourier transform infrared studies showed that the key intermediate for monoalkyl chloride and ethylene formation is the alkoxy group. The reaction mechanism for the oxidative chlorination of methane and ethane over the Ru-oxychloride catalyst was proposed. The novel fiber glass catalyst was also tested for the dehydrochlorination of alkyl chlorides to ethylene and propylene. Very high selectivities (up to 94%–98%) for ethylene and propylene formation as well as high stability were demonstrated.

关键词: oxychlorination     methane     ethane     light olefins     ruthenium catalyst    

Lignin-derived dual-function red light carbon dots for hypochlorite detection and anti-counterfeiting

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 966-975 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2244-1

摘要: The efficient utilization of natural lignin, which is the main by-product of the cellulose industry, is crucial for enhancing its economic value, alleviating the environmental burden, and improving ecological security. By taking advantage of the large sp2 hybrid domain of lignin and introducing amino functional groups, new lignin-derived carbon dots (SPN-CDs) with red fluorescence were successfully synthesized. Compared with green and blue fluorescent materials, red SPN-CDs have desirable anti-interference properties of short-wave background and exhibit superior luminescence stability. The SPN-CDs obtained exhibited sensitive and distinctive visible color with fluorescence-dual responses toward hypochlorite. Considering this feature, a portable, low-cost, and sensitive fluorescence sensing paper with a low limit of detection of 0.249 μmol∙L–1 was fabricated using the SPN-CDs for hypochlorite detection. Furthermore, a new type of visible-light and fluorescence dual-channel information encryption platform was constructed. Low-concentration hypochlorite can be employed as an accessible and efficient information encryption/decryption stimulus, as well as an information “eraser”, facilitating a safe and diversified transmission and convenient decryption of information. This work opens new avenues for high-value-added applications of lignin-based fluorescent materials.

关键词: alkali lignin     red light carbon dots     hypochlorite     encryption and anti-counterfeiting    

Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1038-1050 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2279-3

摘要: Phase change materials are potential candidates for the application of latent heat storage. Herein, we fabricated porous capsules as shape-stable materials from cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex, which were first prepared using cellulose 6-(N-pyridinium)hexanoyl ester as the cationic polyelectrolyte and carboxymethyl cellulose as the anionic polyelectrolyte to encapsulate polyethylene glycol by the vacuum impregnation method. Furthermore, the multi-walled carbon nanotube or graphene oxide, which were separately composited into the polyelectrolytes complex capsules to enhance thermal conductivity and light-to-thermal conversion efficiency. These capsules owned a typical core–shell structure, with an extremely high polyethylene glycol loading up to 34.33 g∙g‒1. After loading of polyethylene glycol, the resulted cellulose-based composite phase change materials exhibited high thermal energy storage ability with the latent heat up to 142.2 J∙g‒1, which was 98.5% of pure polyethylene glycol. Further results showed that the composite phase change materials demonstrated good form-stable property and thermal stability. Moreover, studies involving light-to-thermal conversion determined that composite phase change materials exhibited outstanding light-to-thermal conversion performance. Considering their exceptional comprehensive features, innovative composite phase change materials generated from cellulose presented a highly interesting choice for thermal management and renewable thermal energy storage.

关键词: cellulose     polyelectrolytes     phase change materials     thermal energy storage     light-to-thermal conversion    

Visible light responsive photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations aiming at artificial

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 568-576 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0774-8

摘要: To solve resource, energy, and environmental issues, development of sustainable clean energy system is strongly required. In recent years, hydrogen has been paid much attention to as a clean energy. Solar hydrogen production by water splitting using a photocatalyst as artificial photosynthesis is a promising method to solve these issues. Efficient utilization of visible light comprised of solar light is essential for practical use. Three strategies, i.e., doping, control of valence band, and formation of solid solution are often utilized as the useful methods to develop visible light responsive photocatalysts. This mini-review introduces the recent work on visible-light-driven photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations of those strategies.

关键词: visible light responsive photocatalyst     water splitting     artificial photosynthesis: metal ion substitution    

Instantaneous deflection of light-weight concrete slabs

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 412-423 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0416-8

摘要: Construction loading before the age of 28 d can have the most significant effects on the slabs, especially for multi-story structures. The changing properties of the young concrete complicate the prediction of serviceability design requirements also. An experimental investigation is performed on four simply supported Light-Weight Concrete (LWC) one-way slabs subjected to immediate loading at 14 d. Effects of aggregate type, loading levels and cracking moment together with the influences of ultimate moment capacity and service moment on the instantaneous deflection of slabs are studied. Comparison of the obtained results with predictions of existing models in the literature shows considerable differences between the recorded and estimated instantaneous deflection of LWC slabs. Based on sensitivity analysis of the effective parameters, a new equation is proposed and verified to predict the instantaneous deflection of LWC slabs subjected to loading at the age of 14 d.

关键词: instantaneous deflection     light-weight concrete     expanded polystyrene     effective moment of inertia     cracking moment     moment capacity     service moment    

Nanostructured gold films exhibiting almost complete absorption of light at visible wavelengths

Hanbin Zheng, Christine Picard, Serge Ravaine

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 247-251 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1710-2

摘要: Nanostructured metal surfaces have been known to exhibit properties that deviate from that of the bulk material. By simply modifying the texture of a metal surface, various unique optical properties can be observed. In this paper, we present a simple two step electrochemical process combining electrodeposition and anodization to generate black gold surfaces. This process is simple, versatile and up-scalable for the production of large surfaces. The black gold films have remarkable optical behavior as they absorb more than 93% of incident light over the entire visible spectrum and also exhibit no specular reflectance. A careful analysis by scanning electron microscopy reveals that these unique optical properties are due to their randomly rough surface, as they consist in a forest of dendritic microstructures with a nanoscale roughness. This new type of black films can be fabricated to a large variety of substrates, turning them to super absorbers with potential applications in photovoltaic solar cells or highly sensitive detectors and so on.

关键词: nanostructuration     light absorption     coating     gold     electrodeposition     anodization    

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403

摘要:

Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.

 

关键词: dryland agriculture     light interception     light use efficiency     maize-peanut intercropping     semiarid    

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-CN/Bi-TiO floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1417-3

摘要:

• Bi doping in TiO2 enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole.

关键词: Bi doping     Visible light     Algal removal     Charge carrier separation    

2020年度环境与轻纺工程前沿

环境与轻纺工程项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2020年 第4卷 第1期   页码 126-148

2022年度环境与轻纺工程前沿

环境与轻纺工程项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2022年 第6卷 第1期   页码 150-173

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Photocatalysis: from solar light to hydrogen energy

期刊论文

A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

期刊论文

Plasmonic light trapping for enhanced light absorption in film-coupled ultrathin metamaterial thermophotovoltaic

Qing NI, Hassan ALSHEHRI, Yue YANG, Hong YE, Liping WANG

期刊论文

HQ in inland saline-alkaline water under different light qualities

期刊论文

Effect of light scattering on the performance of a direct absorption solar collector

Kwang Hyun WON, Bong Jae LEE

期刊论文

Light olefins synthesis from С

Anton SHALYGIN, Evgenii PAUKSHTIS, Evgenii KOVALYOV, Bair BAL’ZHINIMAEV

期刊论文

Lignin-derived dual-function red light carbon dots for hypochlorite detection and anti-counterfeiting

期刊论文

Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

期刊论文

Visible light responsive photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations aiming at artificial

期刊论文

Instantaneous deflection of light-weight concrete slabs

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

期刊论文

Nanostructured gold films exhibiting almost complete absorption of light at visible wavelengths

Hanbin Zheng, Christine Picard, Serge Ravaine

期刊论文

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

期刊论文

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-CN/Bi-TiO floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier

期刊论文

2020年度环境与轻纺工程前沿

环境与轻纺工程项目组

期刊论文

2022年度环境与轻纺工程前沿

环境与轻纺工程项目组

期刊论文