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HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY FOR HEALTHY DAIRY FARMS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 238-244 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022445
Producing sufficient high-quality forage to meet the increasing domestic demand for safe and nutritious milk products is one of the critical challenges that Chinese dairy farms are facing. The increased forage biomass production, mainly contributed by agrochemicals inputs in China, is accompanied by tremendous impacts on the ecology of dairy farms and soil quality. This paper presents a framework for healthy dairy farms in which targeted management practices are applied for quality milk products with minimal adverse environmental impacts. The paper also summarizes biodiversity management practices at the field and landscape scales toward lessening inputs of water, fertilizers, pesticides and mitigating soil compaction. Dairy farming with biodiversity-driven technologies and solutions will be more productive in producing quality milk and minimizing environmental damage.
关键词: biodiversity / dairy farm / one health concept / soil health
NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020372
关键词: dairy farms environmental impacts grazing systems intensification mitigation
NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).
• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.
• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N2O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.
• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.
This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha−1 in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha−1 in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr−1 per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第3期 页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507
● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.
关键词: heavy metals dairy manure hydrochar hydrothermal carbonization waste management
Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期 页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252
In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.
关键词: cheese yield infrared analysis milk quality real-time measurement sensor
INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• Monitoring data of>5000 dairy farms collected and examined in uniform manner.
• Environmental performances of farms influenced by government regulations.
• N and P surpluses at farm level remained about constant with intensity level.
• N and P use efficiencies at farm, herd and soil increased with intensity level.
• Accounting for externalization of off-farm feed production affects NUE and PUE.
• Ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification.
Many grassland-based dairy farms are intensifying production, i.e., produce more milk per ha of land in response to the increasing demand for milk (by about 2% per year) in a globalized market. However, intensive dairy farming has been implicated for its resources use, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication impacts. This paper addresses the question of how the intensity of dairy production relates to N and P surpluses and use efficiencies on farms subjected to agri-environmental regulations. Detailed monitoring data were analyzed from 2858 grassland-based dairy farms in The Netherlands for the year 2015. The farms produced on average 925 Mg·yr−1 milk. Milk production per ha ranged from<10 to>30 Mg·ha−1·yr−1. Purchased feed and manure export strongly increased with the level of intensification. Surpluses of N and P at farm level remained constant and ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification. In conclusion, N and P surpluses did not differ much among dairy farms greatly differing in intensity due to legal N and P application limits and obligatory export of manure surpluses to other farms. Further, N and P use efficiencies also did not differ among dairy farms differing in intensity provided the externalization of feed production was accounted for. This paper provides lessons for proper monitoring and control of N and P cycling in dairy farming.
Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第2期 页码 280-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018215
关键词: carbon dioxide dairy manure methane moisture temperature
INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
Jouke OENEMA, Oene OENEMA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 130-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020376
关键词: ammonia externalization feed forage maize front runners manure production milk yield nitrogen surplus
Global warming potential associated with Irish milk powder production
William Finnegan, Jamie Goggins, Aksana Chyzheuskaya, Xinmin Zhan
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0949-z
关键词: Dairy Global warming potential Ireland Life cycle assessment Milk powder Milk production
Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 58-71 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020371
关键词: industrial farms mixed smallholdings pig dairy nutrient management
Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 81-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020365
关键词: cropland dairy manure nutrient cycling pastureland poultry manure swine manure
Lei CHENG,Youdong XIN,Xiaohua LIU,Xiuzhong HU,Min XIANG,Dingfa WANG,Shuhong ZHAO
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 147-152 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016099
利用六氟化硫示踪技术预估不同年龄阶段的放牧荷斯坦奶牛甲烷排放量
Steven J. Morrison, Judith McBride, Alan W. Gordon, Alastair R. G. Wylie, 闫天海
《工程(英文)》 2017年 第3卷 第5期 页码 753-759 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.018
动物和日粮因素对牛肠道甲烷排放量影响的相关研究已经很普遍,但是关于放牧青年奶牛的甲烷排放量的可参考数据较少。本研究评估了荷斯坦奶牛在多年生黑麦草草地放牧时的生理状态对甲烷排放量的影响,分别进行了以下两个试验:试验1从2011年5月开始,为期11个星期,试验2从2011年8月开始,为期10个星期。在每个试验中,将荷斯坦奶牛分成三个处理组(每组12头),分别由小牛犊、一岁的母牛犊和妊娠母牛组成(平均年龄分别为8.5、14.5和20.5月龄)。在每个试验的最后一个星期利用六氟化硫示踪技术预估每头牛的甲烷排放量。干物质摄入量由代谢能需要量除以牧草中的代谢能含量计算而得。正如预期一样,活体重随年龄的增加而增加(P < 0.001),然而试验1中三个分组的体增重没有差异,试验2中的体增重随着年龄增加有不同程度的减少(P < 0.001)。在试验1中,妊娠母牛高于小牛犊的甲烷排放量(P < 0.001),而一岁母牛犊的甲烷排放量最高(g•d-1)。当用单位活体重、干物质摄入量和总能摄入量表示甲烷排放量时,一岁母牛犊比小牛犊和妊娠母牛的排放速率更高(P < 0.001)。在试验2中,甲烷排放量(g•d-1)随着年龄增加呈线性上升(P < 0.001),但是这种差异在一岁母牛犊和妊娠母牛中并不显著。妊娠母牛的甲烷/活体重的比值低于另外两组(P < 0.001),小牛犊的总能摄入量中甲烷能量输出的比值低于一岁母牛犊和妊娠母牛(P < 0.05)。根据所有数据建立甲烷排放量的预测方程。所有关系均为显著(P < 0.001),R²值的分布范围为0.630~0.682。这些模型表明:每增加1 kg活体重,甲烷排放量增加0.252 g•d-1;每增加1 kg•d-1干物质摄入量,甲烷排放量增加14.9 g•d-1;每增加1 MJ•d-1总能摄入量,甲烷能量输出增加0.046 MJ•d-1。当实际甲烷排放量不可测时,这些结果为我们提供了预估放牧母牛甲烷排放量的另一种方法。
病毒性疾病对奶牛繁殖力的重要影响 Review
D. Claire Wathes, Chike F. Oguejiofor, Carole Thomas, Zhangrui Cheng
《工程(英文)》 2020年 第6卷 第1期 页码 26-33 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020
世界各地的牛群中有许多病毒性疾病是地方性疾病。许多病毒穿过胎盘并导致流产和胎儿畸形的能力是众所周知的。还有大量证据表明,病毒感染对于奶牛还有其他影响,反映在受胎率的降低上。但是,这些影响很大程度上取决于单个动物首次感染该疾病的时间,因此难以量化。本文介绍了5种可能影响奶牛繁殖力的病毒,以及它们的潜在作用机制。妊娠中期非细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV)的急性感染会使流产率升高或导致持续感染的犊牛出生。在临近配种期感染BVDV会直接影响卵巢和子宫内膜,导致发情周期不规律和早期胚胎死亡。BVDV诱发的免疫抑制也可能降低繁殖力,从而增加对细菌的易感性。牛疱疹病毒(bovine herpesvirus, BHV)-1型在青春期前的小母牛中最常见,会导致它们生长减缓,延迟繁殖并提高首次产犊的年龄,先前受感染的动物继而表现出繁殖力的降低。尽管这可能与肺损伤有关,但也有卵巢病变的相关报告。初次感染后,BHV-1和BHV-4都潜伏在宿主中,并且可能在以后由于应激而重新激活,如与产犊和早期泌乳有关的应激。虽然仅感染BHV-4可能不会降低繁殖力,但它似乎与已建立的细菌病原体(如大肠杆菌和化脓隐秘杆菌)共同作用,促进子宫内膜炎的发展并延迟产犊后母牛的子宫修复机制。施马伦贝格病毒(Schmallenberg virus, SBV)和蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus, BTV)均以昆虫作为媒介传播,导致流产率和先天畸形的增加。BTV-8同时还损害孵出囊泡的发育;此外,任何一种病毒在繁殖前后的感染基本都会降低受胎率。尽管受胎率的降低通常难以量化,但足以造成经济损失,这有助于衡量疫苗接种和根除方案的效益。
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms
Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA
期刊论文
INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
期刊论文
Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy
Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES
期刊论文
INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
Jouke OENEMA, Oene OENEMA
期刊论文
Global warming potential associated with Irish milk powder production
William Finnegan, Jamie Goggins, Aksana Chyzheuskaya, Xinmin Zhan
期刊论文
NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN
Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA
期刊论文
INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK, BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES
Alan FRANZLUEBBERS, Derek HUNT, Gary TELFORD, Shabtai BITTMAN, Quirine KETTERINGS
期刊论文
The relationship between progesterone and Th-related cytokines in plasma during early pregnancy in cows
Lei CHENG,Youdong XIN,Xiaohua LIU,Xiuzhong HU,Min XIANG,Dingfa WANG,Shuhong ZHAO
期刊论文
利用六氟化硫示踪技术预估不同年龄阶段的放牧荷斯坦奶牛甲烷排放量
Steven J. Morrison, Judith McBride, Alan W. Gordon, Alastair R. G. Wylie, 闫天海
期刊论文