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A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies

Hallvard Ødegaard

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0835-0

摘要： In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration. In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.

关键词： China concept WWTP     Energy-neutrality     De-ammonification     moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)    

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Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integratingenergy efficiency and recovery

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1549-0

摘要：

• Framework of indicators was established based on energy efficiency and recovery.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants     Energy neutrality potential     Energy efficiency     Energy recovery     Evaluation framework    

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Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China: Pathways, implications and uncertainties

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0202-8

摘要： Achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060 requires a radical energy transition. To identify the possible transition pathways of China’s energy system, this study presents a scenario-based assessment using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. China could peak the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions before 2030 with current policies, while carbon neutrality entails a reduction of 7.8 Gt CO2 in emissions in 2060 and requires an energy system overhaul. The assessment of the relationship between the energy transition and energy return on investment (EROI) reveals that energy transition may decrease the EROI, which would trigger increased energy investment, energy demand, and emissions. Uncertainty analysis further shows that the slow renewable energy integration policies and carbon capture and storage (CCS) penetration pace could hinder the emission mitigation, and the possible fossil fuel shortage calls for a much rapid proliferation of wind and solar power. Results suggest a continuation of the current preferential policies for renewables and further research and development on deployment of CCS. The results also indicate the need for backup capacities to enhance the energy security during the transition.

关键词： carbon neutrality     energy transition     uncertainty     EROI     LEAP    

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain     new energy vehicle     internal combustion engine vehicle     life cycle cost     technological learning    

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China’s hydropower energy system toward carbon neutrality

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第4期   页码 677-682 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0196-2

摘要： Wind and solar powers will gradually become dominant energies toward carbon neutrality. Large-scale renewable energies, with strong stochasticity, high volatility, and unadjustable features, have great impacts on the safe operation of power system. Thus, an advanced hydropower energy system serving multiple energies is required to respond to volatility, with expanding role from a “stable energy supplier” to a “flexible efficiency regulator”. Future research and application can be considered from three aspects: 1) system expansion (e.g., the construction of large-scale hydropower/renewable energy bases in China, the construction of transnational hydropower energy internet, and the functional transformation of traditional hydropower reservoirs and generating units); 2) efficiency promotion (e.g., advanced intelligent forecasting, multi-objective operation, and risk management methods); and 3) supporting measures (e.g., market reform, benefit compensation and policy mechanism, technical standards, and laws and regulations).

关键词： hydropower system     carbon neutrality     artificial intelligence    

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China’s carbon neutrality: an extensive and profound systemic reform

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1614-3

摘要：

● China has pledged ambitious carbon peak and neutrality goals for mitigating global climate change.

关键词： Carbon neutrality     Energy structure     Technology-dependent society     Coordinated mitigation for air pollutants and CO2    

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Special issue: Transition management of energy systems towards carbon neutrality

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 355-357 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0219-z

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“双碳”背景下我国中长期能源需求预测与转型路径研究

黄震,谢晓敏,张庭婷

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第6期   页码 8-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.002

摘要：

我国是世界上最大的能源消费和碳排放国家，能源结构“偏煤”、产业结构“偏重”的特点给碳达峰、碳中和（“双碳”）目标实现及能源领域高质量发展构成挑战，因而面向未来的能源转型路径研究较为迫切。本文在梳理我国能源发展现状的基础上，对我国中长期能源需求和转型趋势进行了预测及分析。研究结果表明，2035 年我国一次能源需求总量为5.56×109~5.96×109 tce，单位国内生产总值CO2排放强度较2005 年将下降77.6%~81.5%；能源相关CO2排放将在“十五五”时期达峰；能效提高，可再生能源发展，碳捕获、利用与封存技术应用，氢能及可再生燃料替代是降低能源CO2排放的主要技术措施，技术创新是推动重点领域绿色低碳转型的核心驱动力。进一步从推进节能战略，发展可再生能源，加强技术创新，统筹法制、技术和市场等方面提出了发展建议，以期为能源领域高质量发展提供参考。

关键词： 碳达峰；碳中和；能源需求；能源转型    

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Automotive revolution and carbon neutrality

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期   页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0890-8

摘要： The automotive industry is in the midst of a groundbreaking revolution, driven by the imperative to achieve intelligent driving and carbon neutrality. A crucial aspect of this transformation is the transition to electric vehicles (EVs), which necessitates widespread changes throughout the entire automotive ecosystem. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of this transition, including automotive electrification, intelligence-connected transportation system, and the potential for new technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells. Meanwhile, it discusses the key technologies and progress of the hydrogen energy industry chain in the upstream hydrogen production, midstream hydrogen storage and transportation, downstream hydrogen station construction and hydrogen fuel cells in turn. Finally, it proposes the directions for future layout, providing guidance for future development.

关键词： automotive revolution     electric vehicles (EVs)     hydrogen energy     fuel cell    

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Corrigendum to ‘‘Contemplation on China’s Energy-Development Strategies and Initiatives in the Contextof its Carbon Neutrality Goal” [Engineering 7 (2021) 1684–1687]

Yinao Su, Houliang Dai, Lichun Kuang, Jizhen Liu, Dazhao Gu, Caineng Zou, Haixia Huang

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第11卷 第4期   页码 154-154 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.002

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碳中和目标下我国再电气化研究

舒印彪 ,谢典 ,赵良 ,高亚静 ,赵勇 ,周朝阳

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 195-204 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.020

摘要：

我国将碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设总体布局，电力在引领绿色发展中将发挥更加重要的作用。实施再电气化，实现能源生产侧“清洁替代”和能源消费侧“电能替代”，对我国如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。本文剖析了再电气化的核心内涵，结合基本国情及资源禀赋，提出以再电气化助力我国实现低碳发展，按照“终端能源需求—能源转换系统—一次能源结构”的研究框架，综合考虑经济、技术、政策、环境等要素，分析了不同情景下我国能源电力演变趋势，提出再电气化发展前景。研究结果表明，实施再电气化将有力推动实现碳中和目标，2060 年非化石能源消费比重达80%以上、清洁能源发电量比重达90%、终端电能消费比重达70%。研究建议，一是统筹协调好各行业碳预算与减排路径，二是加快经济、产业结构调整，三是推动关键领域科技创新，四是完善电力市场、碳市场体系建设。

关键词： 再电气化；碳中和；能源转型；电能替代    

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煤基能源动态碳中和模式及其保供降碳效益评估

葛世荣,王兵,冯豪豪,姜鑫茹,李雪

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第5期   页码 122-135 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.05.011

摘要：

减煤增气、发展可再生能源的常规能源转型路径不能满足新形势下我国能源发展的安全需求，煤基能源动态碳中和模式的构建是破解煤炭能源高碳排放困境和保障国家能源安全的前瞻性发展方向。本文结合国际能源转型模式的经验，针对我国煤炭能源保供降碳现状及面临的挑战，分析了保供降碳需求下低碳化煤基能源开发的紧迫性和重要性；阐述了煤基能源动态碳中和模式的科学内涵，构建了煤基能源动态碳中和模式的体系架构，揭示了煤基能源动态碳中和模式的保供降碳机理；建立了基于系统动力学的效益评估模型，评估了煤基能源动态碳中和模式在能源安全、减排降碳、社会发展等方面的效益。结果表明：相比煤炭能源开发利用，2060 年不同情景下煤基能源开发利用可实现46%⁓55%的减排潜力，油气对外依存度降低到20%以内，考虑到煤基碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术固碳能力，煤基能源动态碳中和模式的降碳潜力可达84%，进一步实现降碳目标需依赖于碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）技术的全流程应用和矿区碳汇；煤基能源开发利用可作为油气储备技术，有助于显著提升能源安全保障能力，但2030 年之前我国依然面临较大的油气缺口，煤基能源发展刻不容缓。研究建议，建设以煤基能源动态碳中和技术体系为支撑的新型能源体系，实现能源自主可控，并兼顾“双碳”目标，近中期发展煤炭地下气化技术、富油煤开发技术、煤层气开发技术，远期发展煤炭流态化开采技术。

关键词： 煤炭能源；煤基能源；动态碳中和；能源安全；保供降碳    

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Transition towards carbon-neutral electrical systems for China: Challenges and perspectives

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 504-508 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0220-6

关键词： carbon neutrality     power systems     electrification     renewable energy    

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碳中和背景下的大规模储能技术

刘科, 丁玉龙

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第29卷 第10期   页码 1-1 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.010

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面向2035年我国能源发展的思考与建议

谢克昌

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第6期   页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.001

摘要：

2035 年前是我国基本实现社会主义现代化的关键时期，能源高质量发展是支撑经济社会可持续发展的先决条件，应立足基本国情和所处发展阶段，在保障能源安全供应的前提下推进能源清洁低碳转型。本文从能源总量、能源结构、综合能效、能源科技、体制机制、能源安全六方面阐述了我国能源发展现状，重点分析了未来一段时期内能源发展的关键问题，涵盖煤炭兜底保障作用、能源消费增量的可再生能源替代、油气供给安全、核电发展立足自主、氢能和储能全产业链规模化发展等。着眼2035 年能源领域高质量发展，提出了能源革命，碳达峰、碳中和4 个阶段的战略目标。研究建议，各环节全面落实节能优先方针，继续实施煤炭清洁高效低碳利用，站位全局谋划和推动可再生能源成为未来能源供应增量的主体，加快低碳转型并统筹构建多能互补能源系统。

关键词： 能源革命；能源安全；低碳转型；碳达峰、碳中和；煤炭清洁高效利用    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies

Hallvard Ødegaard

期刊论文

Energy neutrality potential of wastewater treatment plants: A novel evaluation framework integratingenergy efficiency and recovery

期刊论文

Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China: Pathways, implications and uncertainties

期刊论文

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

期刊论文

China’s hydropower energy system toward carbon neutrality

期刊论文

China’s carbon neutrality: an extensive and profound systemic reform

期刊论文

Special issue: Transition management of energy systems towards carbon neutrality

期刊论文

“双碳”背景下我国中长期能源需求预测与转型路径研究

黄震,谢晓敏,张庭婷

期刊论文

Automotive revolution and carbon neutrality

期刊论文

Corrigendum to ‘‘Contemplation on China’s Energy-Development Strategies and Initiatives in the Contextof its Carbon Neutrality Goal” [Engineering 7 (2021) 1684–1687]

Yinao Su, Houliang Dai, Lichun Kuang, Jizhen Liu, Dazhao Gu, Caineng Zou, Haixia Huang

期刊论文

碳中和目标下我国再电气化研究

舒印彪 ,谢典 ,赵良 ,高亚静 ,赵勇 ,周朝阳

期刊论文

煤基能源动态碳中和模式及其保供降碳效益评估

葛世荣,王兵,冯豪豪,姜鑫茹,李雪

期刊论文

Transition towards carbon-neutral electrical systems for China: Challenges and perspectives

期刊论文

碳中和背景下的大规模储能技术

刘科, 丁玉龙

期刊论文

面向2035年我国能源发展的思考与建议

谢克昌

期刊论文