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Performance of activated carbon coated graphite bipolar electrodes on capacitive deionization method

Hossein D. Atoufi, Hasti Hasheminejad, David J. Lampert

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1278-1

摘要： Abstract • Graphite bipolar electrodes act as an appropriate bed for the CDI process. • Activated carbon Coating improves the application of the electrodes. • CDI is an environmentally friendly method to apply for brackish water. • Initial concentration is the most important parameter in the CDI method. • CDI process in a batch-mode setup needs more development. This research investigates a capacitive deionization method for salinity reduction in a batch reactor as a new approach for desalination. Reductions of cost and energy compared with conventional desalination methods are the significant advantages of this approach. In this research, experiments were performed with a pair of graphite bipolar electrodes that were coated with a one-gram activated carbon solution. After completing preliminary tests, the impacts of four parameters on electrical conductivity reduction, including (1) the initial concentration of feed solution, (2) the duration of the tests, (3) the applied voltage, and (4) the pH of the solution, were examined. The results show that the maximum efficiency of electrical conductivity reduction in this laboratory-scale reactor is about 55%. Furthermore, the effects of the initial concentration of feed solution are more significant than the other parameters. Thus, using the capacitive deionization method for water desalination with low and moderate salt concentrations (i.e., brackish water) is proposed as an affordable method. Compared with conventional desalination methods, capacitive deionization is not only more efficient but also potentially more environmentally friendly.

关键词： Capacitive deionization (CDI)     Desalination     Electrical conductivity (EC)     Graphite bipolar electrode     Activated carbon coated (ACC)    

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质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展

任学佑

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第1期   页码 86-94

摘要：

论述了质子交换膜燃料电池的开发现状及国内外研究进展；同时介绍了趋于成熟的贮氢技术，包括质子交换膜、双极板、膜电极和电催化剂在内的关键技术、应用以及未来展望。

关键词： 燃料电池     质子交换膜     双极板     膜电极     电催化剂     开发现状    

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Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activated

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 159-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0145-y

摘要： Permeability and thermal conductivity test units were set up to study the heat and mass transfer performance of the host material, i.e. expanded natural graphite (ENG), for consolidated activated carbon (AC) adsorbent. The permeability was tested with nitrogen as the gas source, and the thermal conductivity was studied using steady-state heat source method. The results showed that the values of permeability and thermal conductivity were 10 to 10 m and 1.7 to 3.2 W/(m·K), respectively, while the density compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) varied from 100 to 500 kg/m . The permeability decreased with the increasing density of CENG, whereas the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing density of CENG. Then the thermal conductivity and permeability of granular AC were researched. It was discovered that the thermal conductivity of samples with different grain size almost kept constant at 0.36 W/(m·K) while the density was approximately 600 kg/m . This means that the thermal conductivity was not related to the grain size of AC. The thermal conductivity of CENG was improved by 5 to 10 times compared with that of granular AC. Such a result showed that CENG was a promising host material for AC to improve the heat transfer performance, while the mass transfer performance should be considered in different conditions for utilization of adsorbent.

关键词： permeability     thermal conductivity     expanded nature graphite     activated carbon    

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Preparing graphene from anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries

Wenxuan Zhang, Zhanpeng Liu, Jing Xia, Feng Li, Wenzhi He, Guangming Li, Juwen Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0993-8

摘要： With extensive use of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), amounts of LIBs were discarded, giving rise to growth of resources demand and environmental risk. In view of wide usage of natural graphite and the high content (12%–21%) of anode graphite in spent LIBs, recycling anode graphite from spent LIBs cannot only alleviate the shortage of natural graphite, but also promote the sustainable development of related industries. After calcined at 600°Cfor 1 h to remove organic substances, anode graphite was used to prepare graphene by oxidation-reduction method. Effect of pH and N2H4·H2O amount on reduction of graphite oxide were probed. Structure of graphite, graphite oxide and graphene were characterized by XRD, Raman and FTIR. Graphite oxide could be completely reduced to graphene at pH 11 and 0.25 mL N2H4·H2O. Due to the presence of some oxygen-containing groups and structure defects in anode graphite, concentrated H2SO4 and KMnO4 consumptions were 40% and around 28.6% less than graphene preparation from natural graphite, respectively.

关键词： Spent LIBs     Graphite     Graphite oxide     Grapheme    

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mechanistic study on electrocoagulation process for municipal wastewater treatment based on horizontal bipolar

Zhenlian Qi, Shijie You, Ranbin Liu, C. Joon Chuah

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1215-3

摘要： EC modified with BPEs enhances pollutant removal and reduce energy consumption. Increasing BPE number cannot increase flocculants yield exponentially. Simulations help to predict the distribution of electrochemical reactions on BPEs. The design of electrodes is crucial to electrocoagulation process (EC), specifically, with respect to pollutant removal and energy consumption. During EC, the mechanisms for interaction between different electrode arrangement and electrode reactions remain unclear. This work presents an integrated EC process based on horizontal bipolar electrodes (BPEs). In the electrochemical cell, the graphite plates are used as driving cathode while either Fe or Al plates serves as driving anode and BPEs. The BPEs are placed horizontally between the driving electrodes. For municipal wastewater treatment, the pollutant removal efficiency and energy consumption in different configurations of two-dimension electrocoagulation (2D-EC) system with horizontal BPEs were investigated. The removal efficiency of turbidity, total phosphorus and total organic carbon increased significantly with the number of BPEs. Noted that the energy consumption for TP removal decreased by 75.2% with Fe driving anode and 81.5% with Al driving anode than those of 2D-EC, respectively. In addition, the physical field simulation suggested the distributions of potential and current in electrolyte and that of induced charge density on BPE surface. This work provides a visual theoretical guidance to predict the distribution of reactions on BPEs for enhanced pollutant removal and energy saving based on electrocoagulation process for municipal wastewater treatment.

关键词： Electrocoagulation     Bipolar electrodes     Municipal wastewater     Simulations    

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Effect of placement angles on wireless electrocoagulation for bipolar aluminum electrodes

Zhenlian Qi, Jinna Zhang, Shijie You

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1034-y

摘要： We in our previous study reported the wireless electrocoagulation (WEC) based on bipolar electrochemistry for water purification. One of the most important advantages of WEC is the omission of ohmic connection between bipolar electrode (BPE) and power supply, and thus the electrochemical reactions on BPE are driven by electric field in solution induced by driving electrodes. In this study, the impact of placement angle of bipolar aluminum electrode on WEC was investigated to provide a detailed analysis on the correlations between the bipolar electrode placement angle and bipolar electrocoagulation reactions. The results showed that the WEC cell with a horizontal BPE placed at 0° produced the maximum dissolved aluminum coagulant, accounting for 71.6 % higher than that with a vertical one placed at 90°. Moreover, the finite element simulations of current and potential distribution were carried out along the surface of BPE at different placement angles, revealing the mechanism of different BPE placement angles on aluminum dissolution rates in WEC system.

关键词： Bipolar electrochemistry     Wireless electrocoagulation     Placement angle    

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Electro-catalytic activity of CeO modified graphite felt for carbamazepine degradation via E-peroxone

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1410-x

摘要：

•CeOx/GF-EP process had the better degradation efficiency than GF-EP process.

关键词： E-peroxone     CeOx     Graphite felt     Carbamazepine     Mineralization    

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for stress–strain relationship taking into account strain hardening and stored energy by compacted graphite

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0761-3

摘要： Compacted graphite iron (CGI) is considered to be an ideal diesel engine material with excellent physical and mechanical properties, which meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction. However, knowledge of the microstructure evolution of CGI and its impact on flow stress remains limited. In this study, a new modeling approach for the stress–strain relationship is proposed by considering the strain hardening effect and stored energy caused by the microstructure evolution of CGI. The effects of strain, strain rate, and deformation temperature on the microstructure of CGI during compression deformation are examined, including the evolution of graphite morphology and the microstructure of the pearlite matrix. The roundness and fractal dimension of graphite particles under different deformation conditions are measured. Combined with finite element simulation models, the influence of graphite particles on the flow stress of CGI is determined. The distributions of grain boundary and geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) density in the pearlite matrix of CGI under different strains, strain rates, and deformation temperatures are analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction technology, and the stored energy under each deformation condition is calculated. Results show that the proportion and amount of low-angle grain boundaries and the average GNDs density increase with the increase of strain and strain rate and decreased first and then increased with an increase in deformation temperature. The increase in strain and strain rate and the decrease in deformation temperature contribute to the accumulation of stored energy, which show similar variation trends to those of GNDs density. The parameters in the stress–strain relationship model are solved according to the stored energy under different deformation conditions. The consistency between the predicted results from the proposed stress–strain relationship and the experimental results shows that the evolution of stored energy can accurately predict the stress–strain relationship of CGI.

关键词： stress−strain relationship     microstructure evolution     stored energy     strain hardening     graphite morphology    

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The treatment of black-odorous water using tower bipolar electro-flocculation including the removal of

Huan He, Qinjin Yu, Chaochao Lai, Chen Zhang, Muhan Liu, Bin Huang, Hongping Pu, Xuejun Pan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1310-5

摘要： Abstract • An innovative bubble column tower BPE was designed to treat the black-odorous water. • PO43−, S2− and turbidity were removed, and dissolved oxygen was enriched in the BPE. • An aluminum bipolar electrode gave the best oxygen enrichment and pollutant removal. • Changes of microorganisms confirmed the improvement in water quality achieved. The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’ self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water. Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology. Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode (BPE) was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode (MPE) in treating such water. The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them. It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity, phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity. The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity, phosphate and sulphion completely, and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L. An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one. Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.

关键词： Black-odorous water     Bipolar electrodes     Flocculation     Floatation     Oxygen enrichment     Turbidity    

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石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展战略研究

孙传尧 ,申士富 ,王文利 ,袁国辉 ,黄正宏 ,张以河

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 29-39 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.004

摘要：

天然石墨是一种由新制备及应用技术引领发展的新技术矿产，是支撑我国战略性新兴产业发展的重要原材料。本文分析了石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展的需求，总结了我国石墨资源及材料产业的发展现状，分析了我国石墨产业高质量发展的潜力和面临的主要问题，提出了我国石墨资源及材料产业下一步发展的目标。在此基础上，本文提出了石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展的举措，包括以石墨精深加工为中心布局技术创新体系；优化资源配置，加快发展绿色石墨企业及绿色石墨矿山；加强平台能力建设，夯实产业链供应链技术创新基础；重点突破石墨烯独特物性的专属应用，避免过度宣传。研究建议，健全我国石墨全产业链及供应链数据库，建立长期支持我国石墨产业高质量发展的政策机制，加快资源整合及“国际石墨谷”建设，规划布局创新能力平台和加强人才培养。

关键词： 石墨；石墨深加工；石墨精矿；石墨烯；氟化石墨    

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氢燃料电池技术发展现状及未来展望

刘应都,郭红霞,欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第4期   页码 162-171 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.019

摘要：

氢燃料电池是实现氢能转换为电能利用的关键载体，在碳中和、碳达峰目标提出后，获得了基础研究与产业应用层面新的高度关注。本文围绕氢燃料电池技术体系，较为全面地分析了质子交换膜、电催化剂、气体扩散层等膜电极组件，双极板，系统部件，控制策略等方面的研究进展与发展态势；结合我国氢燃料电池技术领域国产化率、系统寿命、功率密度、制造成本等方面的发展现状分析，论证提出了面向 2035 年我国氢燃料电池技术系统发展方向。研究认为，为加速氢能及氢燃料电池技术应用，应加强制氢技术攻关，降低氢气燃料使用成本；加快关键材料和核心组件的技术攻关和转化应用；制定产业规划并增加投入，构建完备的政策支撑体系。

关键词： 氢燃料电池     氢能     膜电极     双极板     系统部件     技术方向     2035    

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 764-773 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2114-2

摘要： Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases. However, the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application. Herein, we report an especially designed multistage-batch (two/three-stage-batch) BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid (Vacid), base (Vbase), and salt compartments (Vsalt). The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the three-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt = 1:1:2. Besides, the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process. With the two-stage-batch BMED, the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L–1, which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED. The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable, cost-effective, and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis     multistage-batch     base production     high-salinity wastewater    

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Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1427-1443 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0

摘要： The dye industry produces a large amount of hazardous wastewater every day worldwide, which brings potential threaten to the global environment. As an excellent method for removal of water chroma and chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalytic methods are currently widely used in the treatment of dye wastewater. The selection and preparation of electrode materials and electrocatalysts play an important role on the electrocatalytic treatment. The aim of this paper is to introduce the most excellent high-efficiency electrode materials and electrocatalysts in the field of dye wastewater treatment. Many electrode materials such as metal electrode materials, boron-doped diamond anode materials and three-dimensional electrode are introduced in detail. Besides, the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation is summarized. The composite treatment of active electrode and electrocatalyst are extensively examined. Finally, the progress of photo-assisted electrocatalytic methods of dye wastewater and the catalysts are described.

关键词： electrocatalytic oxidation     electrode     electrocatalysis     dye wastewater    

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Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 412-417 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0114-x

摘要： The behaviors of electrode displacement and force during spot welding under various conditions, such as different weld currents, electrode forces, and welding times, were studied. Tests were conducted on a 170?kVA MFDC spot welder. Data were collected via a multichannel high-speed data acquisition system and were analyzed with MATLAB. Behaviors of 5182 aluminum and mild steel in spot welding were compared. Results show that nugget expansion rate does not reach zero for aluminium as it does for mild steel as nugget grew to a certain size. A linear relationship is found between the nugget size and maximum expansion that facilitates online weld quality evaluation. An electrode force peak is observed and believed relevant to the sufficient nugget size.

关键词： aluminum     electrode displacement     electrode force     nugget size     data acquisition    

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

摘要： Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most promising among the various types of fuel cells. Though it has found its applications in numerous fields, the cost and durability are key barriers impeding the commercialization of PEM fuel cell stack. The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation, which limits the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. A critical analysis and comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional properties of various materials involved in the GDE can help us to address the related durability and cost issues. This paper reviews the key GDE components, and in specific, the root causes influencing the durability. It also envisages the role of novel materials and provides a critical recommendation to improve the GDE durability.

关键词： PEM fuel cell     gas diffusion electrode(GDE)     gas diffusion layer(GDL)     membrane electrode assembly     durability     fuel cell catalyst    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance of activated carbon coated graphite bipolar electrodes on capacitive deionization method

Hossein D. Atoufi, Hasti Hasheminejad, David J. Lampert

期刊论文

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展

任学佑

期刊论文

Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activated

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

期刊论文

Preparing graphene from anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries

Wenxuan Zhang, Zhanpeng Liu, Jing Xia, Feng Li, Wenzhi He, Guangming Li, Juwen Huang

期刊论文

mechanistic study on electrocoagulation process for municipal wastewater treatment based on horizontal bipolar

Zhenlian Qi, Shijie You, Ranbin Liu, C. Joon Chuah

期刊论文

Effect of placement angles on wireless electrocoagulation for bipolar aluminum electrodes

Zhenlian Qi, Jinna Zhang, Shijie You

期刊论文

Electro-catalytic activity of CeO modified graphite felt for carbamazepine degradation via E-peroxone

期刊论文

for stress–strain relationship taking into account strain hardening and stored energy by compacted graphite

期刊论文

The treatment of black-odorous water using tower bipolar electro-flocculation including the removal of

Huan He, Qinjin Yu, Chaochao Lai, Chen Zhang, Muhan Liu, Bin Huang, Hongping Pu, Xuejun Pan

期刊论文

石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展战略研究

孙传尧 ,申士富 ,王文利 ,袁国辉 ,黄正宏 ,张以河

期刊论文

氢燃料电池技术发展现状及未来展望

刘应都,郭红霞,欧阳晓平

期刊论文

Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

期刊论文

Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

期刊论文

Quality control based on electrode displacement and force in resistance spot welding

Chuntao JI, Lipeng DENG

期刊论文

A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

期刊论文