Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 12

年份

2022 1

2021 4

2019 1

2018 1

2017 1

2016 3

2015 1

展开︾

关键词

京津冀 1

人类活动 1

动力条件 1

华北地区 1

去雾；暗通道先验；雾图像模型；双边滤波 1

持续性强霾事件 1

气象条件 1

环境条件 1

能见度；霾；数字化预测；预防策略 1

霾 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1334-x

摘要：

• Light haze had little effect on bacterial communities.

关键词： Bacterial community Persistent fog and haze Particle size

HTML PDF 收藏

Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0840-3

摘要： We modeled the impact of haze radiative effects on precipitation in North China. Shortwave heating induced by haze radiative effects would reduce heavy rainfalls. Convection was the key factor that whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed. Precipitation was often suppressed where CAPE, RH and updraft velocities were high. The impact of haze radiative effect on summertime 24-h convective precipitation over North China was investigated using WRF model (version 3.3) through model sensitivity studies between scenarios with and without aerosol radiative effects. The haze radiative effect was represented by incorporating an idealized aerosol optical profile, with AOD values around 1, derived from the aircraft measurement into the WRF shortwave scheme. We found that the shortwave heating induced by aerosol radiative effects would significantly reduce heavy rainfalls, although its effect on the post-frontal localized thunderstorm precipitation was more diverse. To capture the key factors that determine whether precipitation is enhanced or suppressed, model grids with 24-h precipitation difference between the two scenarios exceeding certain threshold (>30 mm or<-30 mm) were separated into two sets. Analyses of key meteorological variables between the enhanced and suppressed regimes suggested that atmospheric convection was the most important factor that determined whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed during summertime over North China. The convection was stronger over places with precipitation enhancement over 30 mm. Haze weakened the convection over places with precipitation suppression exceeding 30 mm and caused less water vapor to rise to a higher level and thus further suppressed precipitation. The suppression of precipitation was often accompanied with relatively high convective available potential energy (CAPE), relative humidity (RH) and updraft velocities.

关键词： Haze Aerosol radiative effects Convective precipitation

HTML PDF 收藏

Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1326-x

摘要： Abstract • Characteristics and interannual variation of aerosol pollution are illustrated. • Mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation in winter haze of North China are reviewed. • Directions in future studies of secondary aerosol formation are provided. Severe haze pollution occurs frequently in the winter over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China), exerting profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and human health. The Chinese Government has taken strict mitigation actions since 2013 and has achieved a significant reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 concentration over this region. However, the level of secondary aerosols during heavy haze episodes showed little decrease during this period. During heavy haze episodes, the concentrations of secondary aerosol components, including sulfate, nitrate and secondary organics, in aerosol particles increase sharply, acting as the main contributors to aerosol pollution. To achieve effective control of particle pollution in the BTH region, the precise and complete secondary aerosol formation mechanisms have been investigated, and advances have been made about the mechanisms of gas phase reaction, nucleation and heterogeneous reactions in forming secondary aerosols. This paper reviews the research progress in aerosol chemistry during haze pollution episodes in the BTH region, lays out the challenges in haze formation studies, and provides implications and directions for future research.

关键词： Secondary aerosol formation Regional haze Photochemical reaction Aqueous reaction Chemical mechanism

HTML PDF 收藏

霾的预测与预防问题

张葵

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第1期页码 103-113

摘要：

针对低能见度天气的危害性，运用信息数字方法发现了霾的发生、发展与地热的联系和大气结构特征的改变。霾的预测、预防，需要正确把握近地低空大气的滚流状态和热结构特征。霾的形成既有人为排放也有自然界地热引发地下污染物和污浊气体的释放问题，地热可作为霾天气预报的先兆信息。大气环境的改善，需要人们改进排放技术，也需要研究自然污染源问题。

关键词：能见度；霾；数字化预测；预防策略

HTML PDF 收藏

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要：

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics PM_2.5 Source apportionment

HTML PDF 收藏

Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0878-2

摘要： Incorporating the missing heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) by NO into the WRF-Chem model. Sulfate production is not sensitive to increase in SO emission. The newly added reaction reproduces sulfate concentrations well during winter haze. We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North China, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity (RH) were simulated well (mean biases are -0.2K and 2.7%, respectively), but wind speeds were overestimated (mean bias is 0.5 m?s ). At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide (SO ) concentrations were overpredicted and sulfate concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by nitrogen dioxide (NO ) on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO emissions do not significantly affect sulfate concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by NO substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO to sulfate conversion in the HetS (heterogeneous oxidation by NO ) case reduces SO concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) are mostly due to errors in SO emission inventory.

关键词： Sulfate aerosols Winter haze WRF-Chem Northern China

HTML PDF 收藏

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

摘要： Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles Morphology Element distribution Mixing state

HTML PDF 收藏

基于暗通道先验的单幅图像快速去雾算法 Research Articles

Bo-xuan YUE, Kang-ling LIU, Zi-yang WANG, Jun LIANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第8期页码 1109-1118 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700148

摘要：在雾气中，可见光的散射降低了图像可见度。目前，去雾仍是图像处理应用的一个挑战。为实现去雾，提出一种基于单个像素的去雾加速算法。不同于基于区块的方法，所提方法分别估计每个区域的变换矩阵和大气光参数，其中加速的关键在于所有参数能在一次遍历中获得。然后，对传输映射进行双边过滤，恢复像素之间的关系。通过线性模糊模型恢复后，对恢复的图像进行调整，以提高对比度、光照强度和饱和度，尤其是补偿由相应波长引起的不同通道的光强误差。实验结果表明，该方法在处理速率方面优于已有的最先进去雾算法。与其他去雾方法比较和引入定量准则（峰信噪比、可检测边际速率、信息熵差）验证该方法有效。

关键词：去雾；暗通道先验；雾图像模型；双边滤波

HTML PDF 收藏

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning Northeast China

HTML PDF 收藏

华北地区持续性强霾事件发生的环境与动力条件

丁一汇, 吴萍, 柳艳菊, 宋亚芳

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 266-271 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.009

摘要：

本文是近期针对华北地区霾的长期变化特征持续强霾事件发生的环境和动力条件方面研究的个结。华北地区近50 年来霾日呈现明显的上升趋势，尤其是进入21 世纪以来，霾日增加明显同时，持续性霾事件的发生频次也呈现类似的上升趋势华北地区霾污染事件频发可以归因于不利的气象环境条件和人为排放的大量污染物的共同作用。气象环境条件方面主要表现为：在气变暖的大背景下，华北地区冬季气温的持续上升、地面风速的减小以及大气稳定度的加强均对霾日的增加有显著影响。厄尔尼诺(El Nino) 年冬季，东亚大槽偏弱，冷空气活动弱，华北地区盛行异常偏南风，有利于霾天气的形成；而拉尼娜(La Nina) 年冬季，东亚大槽偏强，冷空气活动强，华北地区盛行异常偏北风，不利于霾天气的形成华北地区持续强霾事件主要发生在平直西风型和高压脊型两类环流形势下，对流层中低层为持续深厚的下沉气流，使大气边界层厚度减少污染物扩散能力减弱，有利于霾天气的维持和加剧。

关键词：华北地区持续性强霾事件环境条件动力条件

HTML PDF 收藏

人类活动对京津冀地区冬季霾相关气象条件的影响 Article

徐影, 柳艳菊, 韩振宇, 周波涛, 丁一汇, 吴婕, 田童绯, 李柔珂, 汪靖

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1185-1192 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.015

摘要：

本文利用20世纪气候检测归因计划的CAM5.1-1degree模式，综合考虑人类活动和自然强迫（All-Hist）以及单独考虑自然强迫（Nat-Hist）的两种数值模拟试验结果，对1961—2016年期间人类活动影响京津冀地区冬季霾事件相关气象条件的物理过程进行了分析和讨论。结果表明，考虑人类活动影响后，与京津冀冬季霾事件相关的动力和热力气象条件的变化均不利于污染物的扩散，进而有利于霾的形成和累积，其中动力条件主要包括东亚冬季风显著减弱、低层异常南风增强，热力条件包括地面气温明显升高、水汽输送增强和近地面地表逆温增强等。同时，也利用统计方法进一步分析了两种试验中动力和热力气象条件对京津冀霾日数变化的相对贡献，结果表明：人类活动对京津冀冬季霾日增多的贡献大于自然强迫，其中动力气象因子对霾日产生的贡献更大，热力因子的贡献在两种情景下基本相同。

关键词：气象条件人类活动霾京津冀

HTML PDF 收藏

How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM

Litao Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Wei Wei, Zhe Wei, Chenchen Meng, Simeng Ma, Jiandong Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1014-2

摘要： Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is the most air polluted region in China and the three neighborhood southern Hebei cities, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan, are listed in the top ten polluted cities with severe PM pollution. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of aerosol direct effects on air quality over the southern Hebei cities, as well as the impacts when considering those effects on source apportionment using three dimensional air quality models. The WRF/Chem model was applied over the East Asia and northern China at 36 and 12 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, for the period of January 2013, with two sets of simulations with or without aerosol-meteorology feedbacks. The source contributions of power plants, industrial, domestic, transportation, and agriculture are evaluated using the Brute-Force Method (BFM) under the two simulation configurations. Our results indicate that, although the increases in PM concentrations due to those effects over the three southern Hebei cities are only 3%–9% on montly average, they are much more significant under high PM loadings (~50 μg·m when PM concentrations are higher than 400 μg m ). When considering the aerosol feedbacks, the contributions of industrial and domestic sources assessed using the BFM will obviously increase (e.g., from 30%–34% to 32%–37% for industrial), especially under high PM loadings (e.g., from 36%–44% to 43%–47% for domestic when PM >400 μg·m ). Our results imply that the aerosol direct effects should not be ignored during severe pollution episodes, especially in short-term source apportionment using the BFM.

关键词： Aerosol direct effect PM_2.5 Southern Hebei WRF/Chem Haze