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Quantitative research of incentive effects of heat-metering policy on energy-saving behavior in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Haitao MA,HuiZhu YU,Jincheng XING

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 504-512 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0332-8

摘要: To promote energy efficiency and emission reduction, the Chinese government has invested large amounts of resources in heat-metering reform over the past decade. However, heat-metering, which can reduce energy consumption by 15% at least in developed countries, is still not well known in China. This paper quantitatively analyzed the arousal effect of heat-metering policy on occupancy behavior regarding energy saving utilizing statistics method based on measured data of heating energy consumption of approximately 20000 users from 2008 to 2012 in Tianjin. The statistical data showed significant difference on energy consumption between users based on metering and based on area. The energy-saving rate in the heating season increased significantly from 4.11% in 2008–2009 to 10.27% in 2011–2012 as the implement of the heat-metering policy. The difference in energy-saving according to various outdoor temperatures showed that the energy-saving of occupancy behavior was more significant in a warm season than in a cold season. It also showed that the impact of heat-metering policy would be more pronounced in generally insulated buildings (15.55%) than in better insulated units (6.45%). Besides, this paper proposed some feasible suggestions for the formulation and implementation of heat-metering policy in northern heating areas of China.

关键词: heat-metering     occupancy behavior     heating energy consumption     policy    

Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1002-y

摘要: As an environmental friendly measure for surface runoff reduction, low impact development (LID) has been applied successfully in urban areas. However, due to high price of land and additional expense for LID construction in highly urbanized areas, the developers of real estate would not like to proceed LID exploitation. Floor area ratio (FAR) refers to “the ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built.” Increasing FAR indicates that the developers can construct higher buildings and earn more money. By means of awarding FAR, the developers may be willing to practice LID construction. In this study, a new residential district is selected as a case study to analyze the trade-off between the runoff reduction goal achieving by LID practices and the incentive of awarding FAR to promote LID construction. The System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN) model is applied to simulate the runoff reduction under various LID designs and then derive the Pareto-optimal solutions to achieve urban runoff reduction goals based on cost efficiency. The results indicates that the maximum surface runoff reduction is 20.5%. Under the extremity scenarios, the government has options to award FAR of 0.028, 0.038 and 0.047 and the net benefits developers gain are 0 CNY, one million CNY and two million CNY, respectively. The results provide a LID construction guideline related to awarding FAR, which supports incentive policy making for promoting LID practices in the highly urbanized areas.

关键词: Low impact development     Runoff reduction     Incentive     Floor area ratio     SUSTAIN(System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN)    

面向物联网的激励感知区块链辅助的智能边缘缓存与计算迁移研究 Article

王倩, 陈思光, 吴蒙

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第31卷 第12期   页码 127-138 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.014

摘要:

人工智能的快速发展将物联网推向了一个新阶段,面对数据的爆炸性增长和用户对更高服务质量的迫切需求,边缘计算和缓存被视为富有前景的技术解决手段。然而,边缘节点(Edge Nodes, ENs)中的资源并不是取之不尽的。本文提出了一种面向物联网的激励感知区块链辅助的智能边缘缓存与计算迁移方案,该方案致力于为协作ENs在资源优化和控制方面提供安全和智能的解决方案。具体地,该方案通过联合优化迁移和缓存决策以及计算和通信资源分配,以最大限度地降低EN中完成任务的总成本。此外,为解决上述优化问题,本文设计了区块链激励和贡献联合感知的联邦深度强化学习算法。在本地训练期间,该算法构建了一个激励感知区块链辅助的协作机制,即在安全保障前提下增强ENs参与协作的意愿。同时,提出了一种基于贡献的联邦聚合方法,即基于EN对全局模型性能提升所做贡献来计算其梯度的聚合权重,以提升训练效果。最后,与其它基准方案相比,数值结果证明本文方案具备高效的资源优化效用,同时在降低总成本和缓存性能方面具有显著优势。


 

关键词: 计算迁移     缓存     激励     区块链     联邦深度强化学习    

基于非对称信息的工程监理激励机制研究

曹玉贵,杨忠直

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第10期   页码 69-72

摘要:

通过建立考虑业主投资规模、工程监理特质和外生随机变量及其影响程度等因素的业主与工程监理之间的委托-代理模型,分析了非对称信息下工程投资规模、工程监理特质和外生随机变量等因素对激励报酬系数的影响。同时,基于分析和研究结果,提出了设计工程监理激励机制必须考虑的影响因素。

关键词: 项目业主     工程监理     委托代理     激励机制    

Real option-based optimization for financial incentive allocation in infrastructure projects under public–private

Shuai LI, Da HU, Jiannan CAI, Hubo CAI

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 413-425 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0045-0

摘要: Financial incentives that stimulate energy investments under public–private partnerships are considered scarce public resources, which require deliberate allocation to the most economically justified projects to maximize the social benefits. This study aims to solve the financial incentive allocation problem through a real option-based nonlinear integer programming approach. Real option theory is leveraged to determine the optimal timing and the corresponding option value of providing financial incentives. The ambiguity in the evolution of social benefits, the decision-maker’s attitude toward ambiguity, and the uncertainty in social benefits and incentive costs are all considered. Incentives are offered to the project portfolio that generates the maximum total option value. The project portfolio selection is formulated as a stochastic knapsack problem with random option values in the objective function and random incentive costs in the probabilistic budget constraint. The linear probabilistic budget constraint is subsequently transformed into a nonlinear deterministic one. Finally, the integer non-linear programming problem is solved, and the optimality gap is computed to assess the quality of the optimal solution. A case study is presented to illustrate how the limited financial incentives can be optimally allocated under uncertainty and ambiguity, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method.

关键词: financial incentives     public–private partnerships     energy infrastructure projects     real option     optimization     uncertainty    

工程监理委托代理关系中激励约束与参与约束的研究

秦旋

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第4期   页码 45-49

摘要:

基于委托-代理理论对工程监理委托-代理关系中的激励约束与参与约束进行若干拓展研究,与参 与约束(IR)相比,激励相容约束(IC)更为重要,一个机制不满足激励约束,那将是一个无效机制。业主想要 提高工程监理制度的运作效率,就必须通过相应的激励措施诱使工程师努力工作,使“道德风险”得以抑制, 为我国工程监理制度的健康发展提供了有益的启示。

关键词: 工程监理     业主     工程师     委托代理     激励相容约束     参与约束    

依赖特许收益的PPP项目补偿契约激励性与有效性

吴孝灵,周晶,王冀宁,彭以忱

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第10期   页码 77-83

摘要:

考虑到public private partnership(PPP)项目实际收益的不确定性,首先基于政府需求,通过引入项目运营收益的相对补偿指数,设计一种依赖特许收益的单期补偿契约;然后基于政府无法将私人投资变量纳入该契约,分别从集中决策与分散决策角度建立公私之间博弈模型来研究该契约的最优形式及其激励性与有效性,并给出政府有效补偿对策。研究表明:所得最优补偿契约既能激励私人选择政府集中决策时的最优初始投资,又能激励私人与政府共担风险、共享收益,但有效补偿还应满足项目社会效益约束,即对政府意味着有效补偿应适应项目实际不同情景。

关键词: PPP项目     特许收益     单期补偿     激励性     有效性    

Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要: Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词: Health Data Bank     blockchain     data assets     smart contract     incentive mechanism    

碳中和目标下中国燃煤电厂碳捕集、利用与封存集群布局优化的激励政策研究

陈文会, 鲁玺, 雷涯邻, 陈建峰

《工程(英文)》 2021年 第7卷 第12期   页码 1692-1695 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.011

Internal incentives and operations strategies for the water-saving supply chain with cap-and-trade regulation

Zhisong CHEN, Li FANG, Huimin WANG

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第1期   页码 87-101 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0006-7

摘要:

Faced with the rapid development of modern industries of agriculture, manufacturing, and services, water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Industries with high water consumption are generally regulated by the government’s water cap-and-trade (CAT) regulation to solve the contradiction between the limited water supply and the rapid growing water demand. Supply chain equilibrium and coordination models under the benchmark scenario without water saving and CAT regulation, water-saving supply chain equilibrium and coordination models under the scenario without/with CAT regulation are developed, analyzed and compared. The corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and the managerial insights and policy recommendations are summarized in this article. The results indicate that (1) Conducting water saving could improve effectively the operational performance of the water-saving supply chain under the scenario without/with CAT regulation. (2) The coordination strategy based on the revenue sharing contract could efficiently coordinate the water-saving supply chain, enhance water consumption reduction rate, and improve the operational performance of the water-saving supply chain. (3) The implementation of CAT regulation enhances effectively water-consumption-reduction in the water-saving supply chain and improves the operational performance of water-saving supply chain. (4) Simultaneous implementation of CAT regulation by the government and adopting coordination strategy by the water-saving supply chain would be superior to any other scenarios/strategies. (5) A suitable water cap based on the industrial average water consumption and historical water consumption data are beneficial for constructing reasonable and effective incentive mechanism. (6) A higher marginal trade price could induce more reduction in water consumption and create better operational performance for the manufacturer and water-saving supply chain, both under the equilibrium and coordination strategies.

关键词: water-saving supply chain     equilibrium     coordination     internal incentive     cap and trade regulation    

工程项目供应链的委托-代理模型分析

吴育华,张庆民

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第5期   页码 75-78

摘要:

从委托代理理论出发,对基于集成化供应链的委托-代理模型的一般形式进行讨论。在此基础上,结合工程项目集成化供应链中委托方和代理方的特点构建了工程项目供应链单期委托-代理模型和多阶段工程项目供应链声誉模型。

关键词: 委托-代理模型     激励模型     声誉模型     随机行走    

Effect of the new maternity insurance scheme on medical expenditures for caesarean delivery in Wuxi, China: a retrospective pre/post-reform case study

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 473-480 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0479-

摘要:

Aiming to control rising medical expenditures and help improve China’s healthcare systems, this study examined whether a cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between the insurance and healthcare providers is effective in containing hospitals’ C-section medical expenditures. We used 6547 caesarean delivery case records from a teaching tertiary-level general public hospital located in Wuxi, China (2004–2013), and used the Chow test to investigate the possibility of significant variation in mean medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries pre- and post-reform. We also used paired sample t-tests and linear regression models to compare the mean medical expenditures between insured and uninsured women undergoing caesarean delivery during the post-reform period. After the scheme’s implementation, medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries declined and the medical expenditures of women covered by the scheme were significantly lower than those of uninsured patients. These findings indicated the scheme’s effectiveness in minimizing caesarean delivery expenditures. The cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between insurance and healthcare providers would likely steer healthcare providers’ behaviors in a more cost-effective direction.

关键词: maternity insurance scheme     financial incentive     caesarean delivery     medical expenditure     China    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Quantitative research of incentive effects of heat-metering policy on energy-saving behavior in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Haitao MA,HuiZhu YU,Jincheng XING

期刊论文

Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

期刊论文

面向物联网的激励感知区块链辅助的智能边缘缓存与计算迁移研究

王倩, 陈思光, 吴蒙

期刊论文

基于非对称信息的工程监理激励机制研究

曹玉贵,杨忠直

期刊论文

Real option-based optimization for financial incentive allocation in infrastructure projects under public–private

Shuai LI, Da HU, Jiannan CAI, Hubo CAI

期刊论文

工程监理委托代理关系中激励约束与参与约束的研究

秦旋

期刊论文

依赖特许收益的PPP项目补偿契约激励性与有效性

吴孝灵,周晶,王冀宁,彭以忱

期刊论文

Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

期刊论文

碳中和目标下中国燃煤电厂碳捕集、利用与封存集群布局优化的激励政策研究

陈文会, 鲁玺, 雷涯邻, 陈建峰

期刊论文

Internal incentives and operations strategies for the water-saving supply chain with cap-and-trade regulation

Zhisong CHEN, Li FANG, Huimin WANG

期刊论文

工程项目供应链的委托-代理模型分析

吴育华,张庆民

期刊论文

Effect of the new maternity insurance scheme on medical expenditures for caesarean delivery in Wuxi, China: a retrospective pre/post-reform case study

null

期刊论文