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Estimation and optimization operation in dealing with inflow and infiltration of a hybrid sewerage system

Mingkai Zhang, He Jing, Yanchen Liu, Hanchang Shi

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0912-z

摘要: Inflow and infiltration of a sewage system was estimated by synthetic model. Homological feature of catchments was recognized by self-organizing map. Occurrence risk index was proposed to assess catchment operation problem. Optimal strategy was used to reduce surcharge events and improve effluent quality. Inflow and infiltration (I/I) are serious problems in hybrid sewerage systems. Limited sewerage information impedes the estimation accuracy of I/I for each system catchment because of its unknown distribution. A new method proposed to deal with I/I of a large-scale hybrid sewerage system with limited infrastructure facility data is presented in this study. The catchment of representative pump stations was adopted to demonstrate the homological catchments that have similar wastewater fluctuation characteristics. Homological catchments were clustered using the self-organizing map (SOM) analysis based on long-term daily flow records of 50 pumping stations. An assessment index was applied to describe the I/I and overflow risk of representative pump stations in the catchment based on the hourly wastewater quality and quantity data. The potential operational strategy of homological catchments was generated by the assessment index of representative pump stations. The simulation results of the potential operational strategy indicated that the optimized operation strategy could reduce surcharge events and significantly improve the quality of wastewater treatment plant effluent.

关键词: Hybrid sewerage system     Wastewater treatment plant     Optimization operation     Inflow     Infiltration    

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104

摘要: Mulching and soil water content (SWC) have a significant impact on soil erosion, and this study investigated the effect of straw mulching on water infiltration and soil loss under different initial SWC treatments in a rainfall simulation experiment conducted in northern China. Increasing initial SWC can decrease soil infiltration and increase soil loss. During an 80 mm rainfall event (80 mm·h for 60 min), 8%, 12% and 16% initial SWC treatments decreased cumulative infiltration by 8.7%, 42.5% and 58.1%, and increased total sediment yield by 44, 146 and 315 g, respectively, compared to 4% initial SWC. However, in all the straw mulching treatments, there was no significant difference in stable infiltration rate between the different initial SWC treatments. For all initial SWC treatments, straw mulching of 30% or more significantly enhanced water infiltration by over 31% and reduced soil loss by over 49%, compared to the unmulched treatment. Taking into consideration the performance of no-till planters, a maize straw mulching rate of 30% to 60% (1400–3100 kg·hm ) is recommended for the conservation of water and soil in northern China.

关键词: infiltration     initial soil water content     rainfall simulation     soil loss     straw mulching    

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要: Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词: water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

Influence of infiltration on energy consumption of a winery building

Hejiang SUN, Qingxia YANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 110-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0293-3

摘要: With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.

关键词: industrial building     air change rate     pressurization test method     moisture condensation method     energy cost    

The removal of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole by a high infiltration rate artificial composite soil

Qinqin Liu,Miao Li,Fawang Zhang,Hechun Yu,Quan Zhang,Xiang Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0920-z

摘要: Artificial composite soil treatment system with the high infiltration rate (1.394 m·d ) had a good removal efficiency of TMP (80%–90%) and SMX (60%–70%). The removal mechanism of TMP and SMX was mainly sorption and was related with hydrogeochemical process. Sulfamethoxzole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), two combined-using sulfonamide antibiotics, have gained increasing attention in the surface water, groundwater and the drinking water because of the ecological risk. The removal of TMP and SMX by artificial composite soil treatment system (ACST) with different infiltration rates was systematically investigated using K , Na , Ca , Mg hydrogeochemical indexes. Batch experiments showed that the sorption onto the low-cost and commercially available clay ceramsites was effective for the removal of SMX and TMP from water. The column with more silty clay at high infiltration rate (1.394 m·d ) had removal rates of 80% to 90% for TMP and 60% to 70% for SMX. High SMX and TMP removal rates had a higher effluent concentration of K , Ca and Mg and had a lower effluent Na concentration. Removal was strongly related to sorption. The results showed that the removal of SMX and TMP was related to hydrogeochemical processes. In this study, ACST is determined to be applicable to the drinking water plants.

关键词: Trimethoprim     Sulfamethoxazole     Artificial composite soil treatment     Hydrogeochemical processes     Ion exchange    

Soil-water interaction in unsaturated expansive soil slopes

ZHAN Liangtong

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 198-204 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0023-1

摘要: The intensive soil-water interaction in unsaturated expansive soil is one of the major reasons for slope failures. In this paper, the soil-water interaction is investigated with the full-scale field inspection of rainwater infiltration and comprehensive experiments, including wetting-induced softening tests, swelling, and shrinkage tests. It is demonstrated that the soil-water interaction induced by seasonal wetting-drying cycles is very complex, and it involves coupled effects among the changes in water content, suction, stress, deformation and shear strength. In addition, the abundant cracks in the expansive soil play an important role in the soil-water interaction. The cracks disintegrate the soil mass, and more importantly, provide easy pathways for rainfall infiltration. Infiltration of rainwater not only results in wetting-induced softening of the shallow unsaturated soil layers, but also leads to the increase of horizontal stress. The increase of horizontal stress may lead to a local passive failure. The seasonal wetting-drying cycles tend to result in a down-slope creeping of the shallow soil layer, which leads to progressive slope failure.

关键词: strength     intensive soil-water     comprehensive     Infiltration     wetting-induced softening    

Flow and mass balance analysis of eco-bio infiltration system

Marla C. MANIQUIZ, Lee-Hyung KIM, Soyoung LEE, Jiyeon CHOI

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 612-619 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0448-1

摘要: A structured stormwater infiltration system was developed and constructed at a university campus and monitoring of storm events was performed during a one-year operation period. The flow and pollutant mass balances were analyzed and the overall efficiency of the system was assessed. While significant positive correlations were observed among rainfall, runoff and discharge volume ( = 0.93-0.99; <0.05), there was no significant correlations existed between rainfall, runoff, discharge volume and pollutant load. The system was more effective in reducing the runoff volume by more than 50% for small storm events but the difference between the runoff and discharge volume was significant even with rainfall greater than 10 mm. Results showed that the pollutant reduction rates were higher compared to the runoff volume reduction. Average pollutant reduction rates were in the range of 72% to 90% with coefficient of variation between 0.10 and 0.46. Comparable with runoff reduction, the system was more effective in reducing the pollutant load for small storm events, in the range of 80% to 100% for rainfall between 0 and 10 mm; while 65% to 80% for rainfall between 10 and 20 mm. Among the pollutant parameters, particulate matters was highly reduced by the system achieving only a maximum of 25% discharge load even after the entire runoff was completely discharged. The findings have proven the capability of the system as a tool in stormwater management achieving both flow reduction and water quality improvement.

关键词: best management practice     flow balance     low impact development     mass balance     nonpoint source     stormwater runoff    

The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 566-581 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0267-z

摘要: Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas, serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge. However, there is a limited understanding of the various types, structures, and functions of swales, as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future. In recent years, China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales, especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program (SCP). These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants, including suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review critically examines recent research findings, identifies key knowledge gaps, and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management, with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects. Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development, China’s current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales. Furthermore, policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks, as reflected in existing laws and planning documents. This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors: Well-thought-out road planning, suitable construction conditions, and sustainable long-term funding. The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff. To combat pollution associated with roads, a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out, guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales, with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush. One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction. To address this issue, the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed. Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance, thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management. Ultimately, the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments, incorporating effective green swale strategies.

关键词: grass swale     infiltration swale     bioswale     wet swale     sponge city    

Astragaloside IV suppresses post-ischemic natural killer cell infiltration and activation in the brain

Baokai Dou, Shichun Li, Luyao Wei, Lixin Wang, Shiguo Zhu, Zhengtao Wang, Zunji Ke, Kaixian Chen, Zhifei Wang

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 79-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0783-8

摘要: Natural killer (NK) cells, a type of cytotoxic lymphocytes, can infiltrate into ischemic brain and exacerbate neuronal cell death. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is the major bioactive ingredient of , a Chinese herbal medicine, and possesses potent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the effects of ASIV on post-ischemic brain infiltration and activation of NK cells. ASIV reduced brain infarction and alleviated functional deficits in MCAO rats, and these beneficial effects persisted for at least 7 days. Abundant NK cells infiltrated into the ischemic hemisphere on day 1 after brain ischemia, and this infiltration was suppressed by ASIV. Strikingly, ASIV reversed NK cell deficiency in the spleen and blood after brain ischemia. ASIV inhibited astrocyte-derived CCL2 upregulation and reduced CCR2 NK cell levels in the ischemic brain. Meanwhile, ASIV attenuated NK cell activating receptor NKG2D levels and reduced interferon-γ production. ASIV restored acetylation of histone H3 and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB in the ischemic brain, suggesting inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Simultaneously, ASIV prevented p65 nuclear translocation. The effects of ASIV on reducing CCL2 production, restoring acetylated p65 levels and preventing p65 nuclear translocation were mimicked by valproate, an HDAC inhibitor, in astrocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Our findings suggest that ASIV inhibits post-ischemic NK cell brain infiltration and activation and reverses NK cell deficiency in the periphery, which together contribute to the beneficial effects of ASIV against brain ischemia. Furthermore, ASIV’s effects on suppressing NK cell brain infiltration and activation may involve HDAC inhibition.

关键词: astragaloside IV     brain ischemia     natural killer cells     histone deacetylase     nuclear factor-κB    

Investigation of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted expansive clay

Yujun CUI, An Ninh TA, Anh Minh TANG, Yingfa LU,

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 154-164 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0019-0

摘要: The hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted expansive Romainville clay was investigated. The soil was air-dried, crushed, and passed through a 2 mm sieve before being statically compacted to a dry density of 1.35 Mg/m. The mechanical behaviour was investigated by tests in oedometer with controlled suction using the vapor equilibrium technique (suction = 0, 9, 39, and 110 MPa). The vertical stress was applied in the range of 0–800 kPa. The experimental results are shown as follows: 1) wetting-induced swelling was higher at lower vertical stresses; 2) the vertical stress under which no swelling occurred during water flooding was estimated at 60 kPa, which can be considered as the swelling pressure of the soil tested; 3) the soil compressibility (changes of volume upon stress increases) was strongly influenced by the soil suction: the lower the suction, the higher the compressibility. The hydraulic behaviour was investigated using a large-scale infiltration chamber (800 mm × 1000 mm in section and 1000 mm high). The large size of the soil column allowed burying the volumetric water content sensors (ThetaProbe) without significantly affecting the water transfer and the soil swelling during infiltration. The soil suction was monitored along the soil height (every 100 mm) using various relative humidity sensors and psychrometers. In the infiltration test, water was kept on the soil surface and changes in suction and volumetric water content were monitored for 338 d. The wetting front has reached the bottom of the soil column at the end of the test. The data from the simultaneous monitoring of suction and water content were used to determine the water retention curve and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using the instantaneous profile method. It has been observed that the soil water retention curve depends on the soil depth; that is to be related to the soil depth-dependent swelling. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was found to be quite low, comprised between 3 × 10 m/s (at saturated state) and 10 m/s (at about 100 MPa suction).

关键词: Romainville clay     suction control     oedometer test     large infiltration task     hydro-mechanical behaviour    

Quantification of seepage in a multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer system

Jiang LI, Haizhu HU, Xiaomin MAO, Yi LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 237-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017135

摘要: Quantification of seepage in disconnected river-aquifer systems is significant for local water management and groundwater pollution control, especially in areas with water shortage or contamination. The vadose zone under riverbeds usually exhibits a multi-layered structure, particularly when paved with low permeability liners. To evaluate the impact of engineering solutions to seepage under such conditions, we proposed an approach by combining GIS and the minimum flux in saturation layer (MFSL) method. MFSL can calculate the stable seepage rate by assessing the dominant low permeability layers (including but not limited to the liners) in multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer systems. We used MFSL to calculate local seepage rate, and used GIS to extend the results to a regional scale. The reliability of MFSL is discussed by comparing the results with the double ring infiltration test, the numerical simulation by HYDRUS, and the methods of stream package in MODFLOW, including its improved form. A case study was conducted in the Yongding River with river-aquifer seepage calculated under various conditions, including different river water levels (i.e., under the designated water level, drought stage level, flood stage level and flood inundation level) and with/without low permeability liners (i.e., ecological membranes or geomembrane). Results showed that low permeability liners could greatly reduce the seepage rate. However, if an unlined inundation area exists, the seepage rate may increase greatly. The results indicated that the proposed method was reliable and convenient for calculating long-term, large area seepage in disconnected river-aquifer systems especially those paved with liners.

关键词: infiltration     low permeability liner     multi-layered porous media     river-aquifer seepage    

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope plots

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0282-x

摘要: An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the bare-soil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.

关键词: alfalfa     soil erosion     runoff and sedimentation     soil water infiltration     overland flow     hydrodynamic characteristics    

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies: a single-institution study of 225 cases

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 468-477 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0419-6

摘要:

Mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases that vary in clinicopathological features, biological behavior, treatment response, and prognosis. Bone marrow (BM) infiltration is more commonly present in mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies compared with their B-cell counterparts and hence important for differential diagnosis. In this study, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were analyzed in 225 patients with mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies treated in a single institution. These included 29 cases of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (T-LPD, all with BM infiltration) and 196 cases of T-/natural-killer-cell lymphoma (T/NKCL, 56 with BM infiltration and 140 without BM infiltration). The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of T-LPD and T/NKCL were 96.6% and 37.3%, respectively. T-LPD patients were less likely to exhibit poor performance status, advanced disease stage, presence of B symptoms, or abnormal level of serum β-2 microglobulin. With similar pathological characteristics, T/NKCL patients with BM infiltration showed significantly lower response rates and shorter OS than those without BM infiltration (P = 0.0264 and P<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that poor performance status, advanced disease stage, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and BM involvement were independent unfavorable prognostic factors. The Glasgow Prognostic Score may be more efficient than the International Prognostic Index in predicting disease outcome in T/NKCL. In conclusion, clinical characteristics may be useful in more effectively stratifying patients with mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies.

关键词: mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies     clonal T-cell population     bone marrow infiltration     prognostic factors    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Estimation and optimization operation in dealing with inflow and infiltration of a hybrid sewerage system

Mingkai Zhang, He Jing, Yanchen Liu, Hanchang Shi

期刊论文

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

期刊论文

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

期刊论文

Influence of infiltration on energy consumption of a winery building

Hejiang SUN, Qingxia YANG

期刊论文

The removal of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole by a high infiltration rate artificial composite soil

Qinqin Liu,Miao Li,Fawang Zhang,Hechun Yu,Quan Zhang,Xiang Liu

期刊论文

Soil-water interaction in unsaturated expansive soil slopes

ZHAN Liangtong

期刊论文

Flow and mass balance analysis of eco-bio infiltration system

Marla C. MANIQUIZ, Lee-Hyung KIM, Soyoung LEE, Jiyeon CHOI

期刊论文

The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

期刊论文

Astragaloside IV suppresses post-ischemic natural killer cell infiltration and activation in the brain

Baokai Dou, Shichun Li, Luyao Wei, Lixin Wang, Shiguo Zhu, Zhengtao Wang, Zunji Ke, Kaixian Chen, Zhifei Wang

期刊论文

Investigation of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted expansive clay

Yujun CUI, An Ninh TA, Anh Minh TANG, Yingfa LU,

期刊论文

Quantification of seepage in a multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer system

Jiang LI, Haizhu HU, Xiaomin MAO, Yi LIU

期刊论文

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope plots

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with mature T-cell lymphoid malignancies: a single-institution study of 225 cases

null

期刊论文