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Facile controlled synthesis of hierarchically structured mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C/rGO composites as high-performance

Cehuang FU, Shuiyun SHEN, Ruofei WU, Xiaohui YAN, Guofeng XIA, Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 607-612 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0798-0

摘要： In this paper, a facile strategy is proposed to controllably synthesize mesoporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C nanocomposite embedded in graphene matrix as lithium-ion battery anode via the co-assembly of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) precursor, GO, and phenolic resin. The obtained composites, which consists of a LTO core, a phenolic-resin-based carbon shell, and a porous frame constructed by rGO, can be denoted as LTO/C/rGO and presents a hierarchical structure. Owing to the advantages of the hierarchical structure, including a high surface area and a high electric conductivity, the mesoporous LTO/C/rGO composite exhibits a greatly improved rate capability as the anode material in contrast to the conventional LTO electrode.

关键词： Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ phenolic-resin-based carbon mesoporous composite graphene

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Effective regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial V-W-Ti catalysts

Xuesong SHANG, Jianrong LI, Xiaowei YU, Jinsheng CHEN, Chi HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 38-46 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1167-z

摘要： An effective method for the regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial monolith SCR catalysts was investigated. Two types of regenerated solutions, namely NH Cl (1 mol/L) and dilute H SO (0.5 mol/L), were employed to treat the used catalyst. The effects of temperature and the regeneration process on the structural and textural properties of the catalysts were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that the anatase phase of the used catalyst is maintained after exposure to high temperatures. Some of the catalytic activity was restored after regeneration. The catalyst regenerated by aqueous NH Cl had a higher activity than that of the catalyst treated by dilute H SO . The main reason is that the NH generated from the decomposition of NH Cl at high temperatures can be adsorbed onto the catalyst which promotes the reaction. The aggregated V O were partially re-dispersed during the regeneration process, and the intrinsic oxidation of ammonia with high concentrations of O is a factor that suppresses the catalytic activity.

关键词： V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts thermal deactivation regeneration NH₄Cl dilute H₂SO₄ solution

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Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of Ti6Al4V implants with controlled porous structure and complex shape

Xiang LI, Yun LUO, Chengtao WANG, Wenguang ZHANG, Yuanchao LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 66-71 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0302-y

摘要：

Electron beam melting process was used to fabricate porous Ti6Al4V implants. The porous structure and surface topography of the implants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and digital microscopy (DM). The results showed that the pore size was around 600 and the porosity approximated to 57%. There was about±50 μm of undulation on implants surfaces. Standard implants and a custom implant coupled with porous sections were designed and fabricated to validate the versatility of the electron beam melting (EBM) technique. After coated with bone-like apatite, samples with fully porous structures were implanted into cranial defects in rabbits to investigate the in vivo performance. The animals were sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. Bone ingrowth into porous structure was examined by histological analysis. The histological sections indicated that a large amount of new bone formation was observed in porous structure. The newly formed bone grew from the calvarial margins toward the center of the bone defect and was in close contact with implant surfaces. The results of the study showed that the EBM produced Ti6Al4V implants with well-controlled porous structure, rough surface topography and bone-like apatite layer are beneficial for bone ingrowth and apposition.

关键词： electron beam melting process implant porous structure bone ingrowth

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On the monolayer dispersion behavior of Co₃O₄ on HZSM-5 support: designing applicable

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1741-1754 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2332-x

摘要： Based on monolayer dispersion theory, Co₃O₄/ZSM-5 catalysts with different loadings have been prepared for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia. Co₃O₄ can spontaneously disperse on HZSM-5 support with a monolayer dispersion threshold of 0.061 mmol 100 m^–2, equaling to a weight percentage around 4.5%. It has been revealed that the quantities of surface active oxygen (O₂^–) and acid sites are crucial for the reaction, which can adsorb and activate NO_x and NH₃ reactants effectively. Below the monolayer dispersion threshold, Co₃O₄ is finely dispersed as sub-monolayers or monolayers and in an amorphous state, which is favorable to generate the two kinds of active sites, hence promoting the performance of ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide. However, the formation of crystalline Co₃O₄ above the capacity is harmful to the reaction performance. 4% Co₃O₄/ZSM-5, the catalyst close to the monolayer dispersion capacity, possesses the most abundant active O₂^– species and acidic sites, thereby demonstrating the best reaction performance in all the samples. It is proposed the optimal Co₃O₄/ZSM-5 catalyst can be prepared by loading the capacity amount of Co₃O₄ onto HZSM-5 support.

关键词： Co₃O₄/ZSM-5 NO_x-SCR by NH₃ monolayer dispersion threshold effect surface acid sites surface active O₂^– anions

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Dechlorination of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl by thermal reaction with activated carbon-supported

Yifei SUN, Xin FU, Wei QIAO, Wei WANG, Tianle ZHU, Xinghua LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第6期页码 827-832 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0543-y

摘要： Activated carbon (AC)-supported copper or zinc made from ion exchange resin (IRCu-C and IRZn-C) have an increased metal load of 557.3 mg?g and 502.8 mg?g compared to those prepared by the traditional method involving impregnation with AC and copper (II) citrate or zinc citrate solution (LaCu-C and LaZn-C) of 12.9 mg?g and 46.0 mg?g respectively. When applied to decompose 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl at 250 °C, IRCu-C achieved higher activity of 99.0% decomposition efficiency than LaCu-C of 84.7%, IRZn-C of 90.5% and LaZn-C of 62.7%. When the reaction temperature rose to 350 °C, all the four kinds of reactants can decompose PCB-153 with efficiency above 90%. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of IRCu-C before and after the reaction indicated transformation of 19.1% of Cu atoms into Cu , illustrating that Cu is the active ingredient or electron donor promoting the decomposition of PCB-153. The mechanism underlying this process differs from a traditional H donor. However, there is no significant change on the surface of IRZn-C before and after the reaction, suggesting that Zn acts as catalyst during the process of PCB-153 decomposition.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls activated carbon-supported copper or zinc dechlorination electron donor

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行星表面动力着陆自主制导方法综述 Review

宋征宇1,5,王聪2,Stephan THEIL3,David SEELBINDER3,Marco SAGLIANO3,刘新福4,邵之江5

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第5期页码 649-808 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900458

摘要：本文总结了天体表面精确软着陆的自主制导方法。首先回顾了动力下降制导方法的发展，重点介绍了其在约束处理和提升计算效率方面的贡献。随着对可重复使用运载器需求的不断增加，以及太空探索带来更多的科学回报，定点软着陆成为一项基本要求。不同于过去任务中公里级的着陆精度，未来行星着陆器在满足全部速度和姿态约束条件下，着陆位置精度要达到10米级，这项任务的困难引起学者对自主制导方法的兴趣。本文讨论了动力下降阶段一般性的3自由度和6自由度优化问题，并对比月球、火星和地球3种典型着陆场景的特点。在此基础上，通过比较解析制导方法、数值优化算法和基于学习的方法，详细阐述自主制导方法的特点和适应性，并讨论非凸问题的凸化处理和求解策略。随后提出自主制导方法工程应用的3个关键问题：物理可行性、模型精度和实时性。最后，简要介绍各国航天组织（包括美国、中国、法国、德国和日本）研发的垂直起降验证飞行器，以及目前在验证飞行器上开展的制导方法试验工作。

关键词：自主制导方法；定点软着陆；动力下降；非线性规划

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Li₄SiO₄-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ as the high performance

Shifeng YANG, Wenfeng REN, Jian CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 374-382 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0494-2

摘要： The preparation of Li SiO -coated LiNi Mn O materials by sintering the SiO -coated nickel-manganese oxides with lithium salts using abundant and low-cost sodium silicate as the silicon source was reported. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that a uniform and complete SiO coating layer could be obtained at a suitable pH value of 10, which transformed to a good Li SiO coating layer afterwards. When used as the cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the Li SiO -coated LiNi Mn O samples deliver a better electrochemical performance in terms of the discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability than that of the pristine material. It can still deliver 111.1 mAh/g at 20 C after 300 cycles, with a retention ratio of 93.1% of the stable capacity, which is far beyond that of the pristine material (101.3 mAh/g, 85.6%).

关键词： lithium-ion batteries cathode material LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ lithium-ion conductor coating

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配位不饱和Au-O-Ti³⁺活性位点的构建及其在低温丙烯气相环氧化反应中强化氢气效率的研究 Article

宋钊宁, 闫昊, 袁俊聪, 马宏飞, 曹建琳, 王永祥, 王强, 彭冲, 邓风, 冯翔, 陈德, 杨朝合, 胡永康

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 144-156 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.008

摘要：

自1998年以来，人们广泛认为Au/Ti基催化剂的Au-O-Ti⁴⁺位点是在相对高温条件下丙烯气相环氧化反应的活性位点，但该类催化剂的H₂有效利用率普遍较低本工作发现了一种在相对低温条件下丙烯气相环氧化反应的新活性位点Au-O-Ti³⁺。并且利用原位紫外-可见光谱（operando UV-vis）技术研究了Ti-OOH反应中间体的动态演化过程，结果表明，在Au-O-Ti³⁺活性位点上的Ti-OOH的生成速率比在Au-O-Ti⁴⁺活性位点上的明显增高。Ti³⁺位点促进了Au和Ti³⁺之间的电子转移，从而增强了催化剂对O₂的吸附能力，有效促进H₂O₂

关键词：丙烯环氧化 H₂有效利用率 Au/Ti双功能催化剂配位不饱和Ti位点密度泛函理论

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Function of Slit/Robo signaling in breast cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 431-436 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0416-9

摘要：

Slit and Robo are considered tumor suppressors because they are frequently inactivated in various tumor tissue. These genes are closely correlated with CpG hypermethylation in their promoters. The Slit/Robo signaling pathway is reportedly involved in breast cancer development and metastasis. Overexpression of Slit/Robo induces its tumor suppressive effects possibly by inactivating the β-catenin/LEF/TCF and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways or by altering β-catenin/E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, loss of Slit proteins or their Robo receptors upregulates the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in human breast carcinoma. In addition, this pathway regulates the distant migration of breast cancer cells not only by mediating the phosphorylation of the downstream molecules of CXCL12/CXCR4 and srGAPs, such as PI3K/Src, RAFTK/ Pyk2, and CDC42, but also by regulating the activities of MAP kinases. This review includes recent studies on the functions of Slit/Robo signaling in breast cancer and its molecular mechanisms.

关键词： Slit/Robo hypermethylation β-catenin CXCL12/CXCR4 migration

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Phase equilibrium of the ternary system of NH 4 Cl—CaCl 2 —H 2 O at 50°C

Xia LI, Junsheng YUAN, Zhiyong JI, Jianxin CHEN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 75-77 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0296-0

摘要： The equilibrium data on the ternary system of NHCl—CaCl—HO at 50°C were investigated using the wet-residue method. The experimental results show that there are three pure phase crystal areas of NHCl, 2NHCl·CaCl·3HO and CaCl·2HO, two mixture phase crystal areas of NHCl and 2NHCl·CaCl·3HO, and 2NHCl·CaCl·3HO and CaCl·2HO in the system. A new hydration double salt (2NHCl·CaCl·3HO) was found in the ternary equilibrium system for the first time.

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Rh₂O₃/hexagonal CePO₄ nanocatalysts for N₂O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 586-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1659-6

摘要： Hexagonal CePO nanorods were prepared by a precipitation method and hexagonal CePO nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150 °C. Rh(NO ) was then used as a precursor for the impregnation of Rh O onto these CePO materials. The Rh O supported on the CePO nanowires was much more active for the catalytic decomposition of N O than the Rh O supported on CePO nanorods. The stability of both catalysts as a function of time on stream was studied and the influence of the co-feed (CO , O , H O or O /H O) on the N O decomposition was also investigated. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, oxygen temperature-programmed desorption, and CO temperature-programmed desorption in order to correlate the physicochemical and catalytic properties.

关键词： Rh₂O₃ CePO₄ N₂O decomposition

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ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient visible-light photocatalytic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1728-1740 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2322-z

摘要： A novel Z-scheme ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using a convenient solvothermal method and applied in the visible light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin, which is a typical antibiotic contaminant in wastewater. The heterostructure of as-synthesized catalysts was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. Compared with the single-phase counterparts, ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ demonstrated considerably enhanced photogenerated charge separation efficiencies because of the Z-scheme transfer mechanism of electrons between the composite photocatalysts. Consequently, the 30% ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ catalyst afforded a degradation rate of up to 97% of 20 mg/L ciprofloxacin under 30 min of visible light irradiation with a total organic carbon removal rate of 50%, which is an excellent activity compared with ever reported BiVO₄-based catalysts. In addition, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative structure-activity relationships model analyses demonstrated that the toxicity of the intermediates was lower than that of the parent ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the as-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ heterojunctions were quite stable and could be reused at least four times. This study thus provides a promising Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for the efficient removal and detoxication of antibiotic pollutants from wastewater.

关键词： ZnFe₂O₄/BiVO₄ Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic degradation ciprofloxacin

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UI图层合并器：基于计算机视觉与边界先验的UI图层合并方法 Research Article

陈云农1,5,甄焱鲲4,施楚宁2,李佳智2,陈柳青2,3,5,李泽健1,3,5,孙凌云2,3,5,周婷婷4,常艳芳4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 373-387 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200099

摘要：随着互联网行业图形用户界面（GUI）开发工作量的快速增长，国内外学者试图从GUI图片生成可维护的前端代码。该任务更适合从包含有用户界面元数据的UI设计稿来实现代码生成。然而，碎片图层不可避免地会出现在UI设计稿中，这大大降低了生成代码的质量。目前尚未有自动化GUI技术来检测并合并碎片图层以提高生成代码的可维护性。本文提出UI图层合并器（UILM），一种基于计算机视觉的方法，可以自动检测并合并碎片图层为完整的UI组件。本文提出的UILM包含合并区域检测器和碎片图层合并算法。合并区域检测器结合边界先验知识来准确地检测出UI组件的边界。基于此，碎片图层合并算法可以搜索出边界内的相关碎片层并将其合并为整体。此外，我们提出一种动态数据增强算法来提高合并区域检测器的性能。我们还构建了用于训练合并区域检测器和测试UILM的大规模UI数据集。实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在合并区域检测方面优于最佳基线，并达到了有效的图层合并准确率。最后，对真实应用程序的用户研究也证实了本文方法的有效性。

关键词：用户界面（UI）生成代码；UI设计规范；UI碎片图层合并；目标检测

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CH₄ and N₂O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk

Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU,Kai ZHANG,Yadong YANG,Chen WANG,Ying JIANG,Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 59-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017137

摘要： Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) were incorporated into soil to substitute for synthetic N fertilizers and to maintain soil fertility. However, little is known about the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation on CH and N O emissions in double-rice cropping systems in southern China. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation in the early- and late-rice seasons on CH and N O emissions. All treatments received uniform N inputs, 6%–37% of which was replaced by CMV and RS crop residue. CMV and/or RS incorporation produced equivalent or slightly more grain yield, while reducing N O emissions by 3%–43%. However, both CMV and RS incorporation increased CH emissions. Annual CH emissions ranged from 321 to 614 kg·hm from CMV and RS amendment treatments, which were 1.5–2.9 times higher than that from synthetic N. Compared with single synthetic N fertilizer, incorporation of CMV and/or RS increased GWP and yield-scaled GWP by 45%–164% and 45%–153%, respectively. Our results demonstrate CMV and RS amendments replacing N fertilizer, maintained stable yield, mitigated N O emission, but enhanced CH emission. Further study is needed on crop residue management in double-cropping rice systems.

关键词： Chinese milk vetch CH₄ double-rice cropping system grain yield N₂O rice straw

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巨噬细胞负载Fe₃O₄@PLGA纳米颗粒触发智能催化功能杀死多重耐药大肠杆菌 Article

Jieni Fu,Xiangmei Liu,Zhaoyang Li,Yufeng Zheng,Yu Zhang,Hui Jiang,Yanqin Liang,Shengli Zhu,Zhenduo Cui

《工程（英文）》 2024年第34卷第3期页码 174-186 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.022

摘要：

Infections with multidrug-resistant (MRD) Gram-negative bacteria, such as MRD Escherichia coli (E. coli), remain a challenge due to the lack of safe antibiotics and high fatality rates under anti-infection therapies. This work presents a form of biomimetic intelligent catalysis inspired by the selective biocatalytic property of macrophages, consisting of an intelligent controlling center (a living macrophage, MΦ) and a Fenton reaction catalyst (Fe₃O₄@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles) for killing MDR E. coli without harming normal cells. The MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles (i.e., the intelligent catalysis particles) exhibit selective biocatalysis activity toward MDR E. coli by producing H₂O₂ and lipid droplets (LDs). This process activates the lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways based on the result of RNA sequencing data analysis. The H₂O₂ further reacts with Fe₃O₄@PLGA to form highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while the LDs contain antimicrobial peptides and can target MDR E. coli. The highly toxic •OH and antimicrobial peptides are shown to combat with MDR E. coli, such that the antibacterial efficiency of the MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles against MDR E. coli is 99.29% ± 0.31% in vitro. More importantly, after several passages, the intelligent catalysis function of the MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles is well maintained. Hence, the concept of biomimetic intelligent catalysts displays potential for treating diseases other than infections.