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Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (

Sofiya K. MUHABA, Felix D. DAKORA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 455-466 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020354

摘要:

Phosphorus is a key nutrient element involved in energy transfer for cellular metabolism, respiration and photosynthesis and its supply at low levels can affect legume nodulation, N fixation, and C assimilation. A two-year field study was conducted in Ethiopia in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of P supply on growth, symbiotic N nutrition, grain yield and water-use efficiency of three groundnut genotypes. Supplying P to the genotypes significantly increased their shoot biomass, symbiotic performance, grain yield, and C accumulation. There was, however, no effect on shoot δ C values in either year. Compared to the zero-P control, supplying 40 kg·ha P markedly increased shoot biomass by 77% and 66% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both years, groundnut grain yields were much higher at 20 and 30 kg·ha P. Phosphorus supply markedly reduced shoot δ N values and increased the %Ndfa and amount of N-fixed, indicating the direct involvement of P in promoting N fixation in nodulated groundnut. The three genotypes differed significantly in δ N, %Ndfa, N-fixed, grain yield, C concentration, and δ C. The phosphorus × genotype interaction was also significant for shoot DM, N content, N-fixed and soil N uptake.

关键词: shoot yield     N-fixed     %Ndfa     δ15N     δ13C     water-use efficiency    

Enhanced nitrification in integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) system using novel

Aoshuang Jing, Tao Liu, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen, Yaobin Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1153-0

摘要: Novel carriers with favorable electrophilicity and hydrophilicity were prepared. Novel carriers had the capability of nitrification-enhancing. NH4+-N removal efficiency of IFFAS process rose up to 20% with novel carriers. Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales were identified as the functional nitrifiers. The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51%. The integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process is an ideal preference for nitrification attributing to the longer sludge age for nitrifiers. However, as the core of this process, conventional carriers made of polymer materials usually exhibit negative charge and hydrophobicity on the surface, which is unbeneficial to nitrifying biofilm formation. In this study, novel clinoptilolite composite carriers with favorable hydrophilicity, positive charge and nitrification-enhancing capability were made and implemented in IFFAS system. In comparison with conventional carriers, the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers displayed positive charges on the surface (11.7±1.1 mV, pH 7.0) with increased hydrophilicity (surface contact angle dropped to 76.7°). The novel-carriers-based reactors achieved significantly better NH4+-N removal efficiency at different influent concentrations, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and shock loads (NH4+-N removal efficiency rose up to 20% comparing with the control reactors filled with polyethylene (PE) carriers or activated sludge). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) results indicated the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers provided favorable niche for more types of bacteria, especially for Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales (the functional nitrifiers in the system). The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51% by using novel clinoptilolite composite carriers comparing with using PE carriers, which ensured enhanced nitrification process. This study was expected to provide a practical option for enhancing wastewater nitrification performance with the novel clinoptilolite composite carrier.

关键词: Biofilm carrier     Clinoptilolite     Integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS)     Microbial community     Nitrification     Wastewater    

Selective reduction of NO by photo-SCR with ammonia in an annular fixed-film photoreactor

YiangChen CHOU, Young KU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 149-155 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0296-9

摘要: Gaseous NO was photocatalytically reduced at room temperature by photo-assisted selective catalytic reduction (photo-SCR) with ammonia over TiO in this study. NO reduction efficiency and N selectivity were determined from gases composition at the outlet stream of photoreactor. Effect of operating conditions, e.g. light intensity and inlet concentrations of ammonia and oxygen, on the NO reduction efficiency and N selectivity were discussed to determine the feasible operating condition for photocatalytic reduction of NO. Experimental results showed that selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia over TiO in the presence of oxygen was a spontaneous reaction in dark. The photoirradiation on the TiO surface caused remarkable photocatalytic reduction of NO to form N , NO , and N O under 254 nm UV illuminations, while almost 90% of N selectivity was achieved in this study. The ammonia and oxygen molecules played the roles of reductant and oxidant for NO reduction and active sites regeneration, respectively. The reduction of NO was found to be increased with the increase of inlet ammonia and oxygen concentrations until specific concentrations because of the limited active sites on the surface of TiO . The kinetic model proposed in this study can be used to reasonably describe the reaction mechanism of photo-SCR.

关键词: photo-SCR     photocatalysis     NO reduction     Eley-Rideal model    

Mass transfer mechanisms in fixed-bed adsorption of erythromycin

SUN Ying, ZHU Jiawen, CHEN Kui, ZHU Sheng, XU Jie

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 353-360 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0076-2

摘要: The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were determined. The equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir isotherm. The separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed system with respect to the adsorption superficial velocity, ionic strength and pH. A mathematical model was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism, taking film mass transfer, pore diffusion and axial dispersion into account. The model predictions were consistent with the experimental data and were consequently used to determine the mass transfer coefficients.

关键词: mathematical     diffusion     separation performance     adsorption superficial     mechanism    

Reduction of hexavalent chromium with scrap iron in a fixed bed reactor

Yin WANG, Xuejiang WANG, Xin WANG, Mian LIU, Siqing XIA, Daqiang YIN, Yalei ZHANG, Jianfu ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 761-769 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0413-z

摘要: The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron was investigated in continuous long-term fixed bed system. The effects of pH, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and initial Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction were studied. The results showed that the pH, EBCT, and initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly affected the reduction capacity of scrap iron. The reduction capacity of scrap iron were 4.56, 1.51, and 0.57 mg Cr(VI)·g Fe at pH 3, 5, and 7 (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L , EBCT 2 min, and temperature 25°C), 0.51, 1.51, and 2.85 mg Cr(VI)·g Fe at EBCTs of 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L , pH 5, and temperature 25°C), and 2.99, 1.51, and 1.01 mg Cr(VI)·g Fe at influent concentrations of 1, 4, and 8 mg·L (EBCT 2 min, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), respectively. Fe(total) concentration in the column effluent continuously decreased in time, due to a decrease in time of the iron corrosion rate. The fixed bed reactor can be readily used for the treatment of drinking water containing low amounts of Cr(VI) ions, although the hardness and humic acid in water may shorten the lifetime of the reactor, the reduction capacity of scrap iron still achieved 1.98 mg Cr ·g Fe. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction were conducted to examine the surface species of the scrap iron before and after its use. In addition to iron oxides and hydroxide species, iron-chromium complex was also observed on the reacted scrap iron.

关键词: hexavalent chromium     scrap iron     reduction capacity     drinking water    

Performance of fixed beam without interacting bars

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Behnam KARAMI, Timon RABCZUK, Arshia SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Ali NAGHSH, Mohammreza MOHAMMAD KHANI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1180-1195 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0661-0

摘要: Increasing the bending capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) elements is one of important topics in structure engineering. The goal of this study is to develop a transferred stress system (TSS) on longitudinal reinforcement bars for increasing the bending capacity of RC frames. The study is divided into two parts, i.e., experimental tests and nonlinear FE analysis. The experiments were carried out to determine the load-deflection curves and crack patterns of the ordinary and TSS fixed frame. The FE models were developed for simulating the fixed frames. The obtained load-deflection results and the observed cracks from the FE analysis and experimental tests are compared to evaluate the validation of the FE nonlinear models. Based on the validated FE models, the stress distribution on the ordinary and TSS bars were evaluated. We found the load carrying capacity and ductility of TSS fixed beam are 29.39% and 23.69% higher compared to those of the ordinary fixed beams. The crack expansion occurs on the ordinary fixed beam, although there are several crack openings at mid-span of the TSS fixed beam. The crack distribution was changed in the TSS fixed frame. The TSS fixed beam is proposed to employ in RC frame instead of ordinary RC beam for improving the performance of RC frame.

关键词: transferred stress system     bending capacity     crack opening     crack propagation     FE nonlinear model     stress distribution    

Effects of pressure and temperature on fixed-site carrier membrane for CO 2 separation from natural gas

Meng WANG, Dongxiao YANG, Zhi WANG, Jixiao WANG, Shichang WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0231-4

摘要: In this paper, the effect of testing temperature on the performance of fixed carrier membrane for CO separation were studied. The blend composite membranes were developed respectively with a blend of PEI-PVA (polyetheleneimine-polyvinyl alcohol) as separation layer and PS (polysulfone) ultrafiltration membranes as the substrates. The permselectivity of the membranes was measured with CO/CH mixed gas. The effect of testing temperature on membrane separation performance was investigated. The results showed that both the permeances of CO and CH decreased with the increase of temperature, and the permeances decreased more quickly under low pressure than those under high pressure. At the feed pressure of 0.11MPa, the CO/ CH selectivity of PEI-PVA/PS blend composite membrane reduced along with temperature increment. Under the feed pressure of 0.21MPa, as well as 1.11MPa, the selectivity decreased with the increase of temperature.

关键词: temperature increment     high pressure     permselectivity     separation performance     temperature    

Novel approach to control adsorbent aggregation: iron fixed bentonite-fly ash for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium

Teza Mwamulima, Xiaolin Zhang, Yongmei Wang, Shaoxian Song, Changsheng Peng

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0979-6

摘要: In the present study, a novel approach was used to control zero valent iron aggregation and separation problems by fixing zero valent iron (ZVI) on bentonite-fly ash pellets. For this purpose, porous low cost bentonite-fly ash (BFA) pellets with size of 2.00 cm in length and 0.35 cm in diameter were prepared and fixed with ZVI to manufacture zero valent iron bentonite-fly ash (ZVI-BFA) pellets. Importantly, unlike powdered adsorbents, ZVI-BFA can easily be separated from final effluents when exhausted without any disintegration. The performance of the developed novel adsorbent was investigated for the removal of Pb and Cd from aqueous media. At 100 mg·L and 1 g adsorbent, a maximum of 89.5% of Cd and 95.6% of Pb was removed by ZVI-BFA as compared to 56% and 95% removal by BFA. At 200 mg·L , Cd and Pb removal by ZVI-BFA was 56% and 99.8% respectively as compared to only 28% and 96% by BFA. Further, the removal kinetics was best fitted for pseudo-second order model. The study provides the basis for improving the removal capacity of porous materials by iron fixation while taking separation ability into consideration.

关键词: Zero valent iron     Bentonite     Fly ash     Heavy metals removal     Synthesis    

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent

Tong Li, Ke Xiao, Bo Yang, Guilong Peng, Fenglei Liu, Liyan Tao, Siyuan Chen, Haoran Wei, Gang Yu, Shubo Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1175-7

摘要: • Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. • Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. • The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. • 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.

关键词: Nickel removal     Ion exchange     Electroplating wastewater     Regeneration     Electrodeposition    

Impact drive rotary precision actuator with piezoelectric bimorphs

ZHANG Hongzhuang, ZENG Ping, HUA Shunming, CHENG Guangming, YANG Zhigang

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 71-75 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0008-3

摘要: An impact drive rotary precision actuator with end-loaded piezoelectric cantilever bimorphs is proposed. According to finite element analysis and experiments of the dynamic characteristics of end-loaded piezoelectric cantilever bimorphs, a specific fixed-frequency and adjustable-amplitude is confirmed to control the actuator. The results show that an actuator excited by fixed-frequency and the adjustable-amplitude ramp voltage waveform works with a large travel range (180°), high resolution (1 ?rad), speed (0.2 rad/min) and heavy-load ability (0.02 Nm). With advantages of high-precision positioning ability, simple structure and only one percent the cost of traditional impact drive mechanisms, the actuator is expected to be widely used in precision industries.

关键词: specific fixed-frequency     waveform     piezoelectric cantilever     mechanisms     adjustable-amplitude    

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1557-0

摘要:

● A series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation.

关键词: N     N-Dimethylformamide     Selective catalytic oxidation     Cu-ZSM-5     CuO particle size    

Enhancing the efficiency of nitrogen removing bacterial population to a wide range of C:N ratio (1.5:1 to 14:1) for simultaneous C & N removal

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1522-y

摘要:

• Simultaneous C & N removal in Methammox occurs at wide C:N ratio.

关键词: Methanogens     Biological Nitrogen Removal (BNR)     Simultaneous     Methammox     C:N ratio    

Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 395-405 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0019-2

摘要: Recycled concrete is a material with the potential to create a sustainable construction industry. However, recycled concrete presents heterogeneous properties, thereby reducing its applications for some structural purposes and enhancing its application in pavements. This paper provides an insight into a solution in the deformation control for recycled concrete by adding supplementary cementitious materials fly ash and blast furnace slag. Results of this study indicated that the 50% fly ash replacement of Portland cement increased the rupture modulus of the recycled concrete. Conversely, a mixture with over 50% cement replacement by either fly ash or slag or a combination of both exhibited detrimental effect on the compressive strength, rupture modulus, and drying shrinkage. The combined analysis of environmental impacts and mechanical properties of recycled concrete demonstrated the possibility of optimizing the selection of recycled concrete because the best scenario in this study was obtained with the concrete mixture M8 (50% of fly ash+ 100% recycled coarse aggregate).

关键词: recycled aggregate     recycled concrete     fly ash and slag    

Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry

Jiao HU,Xiufan LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 11-24 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016092

摘要: The H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been circulating in poultry in China and become endemic since 1998 and 2004, respectively. Currently, they are prevalent in poultry throughout China. This endemicity makes them actively involved in the emergence of the novel lineages of other subtypes of influenza viruses, such as the well-known viruses of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 and the 2013 novel H7N7, H7N9 and H10N8 subtypes, thereby threatening both the poultry industry and public health. Here, we will review briefly the prevalence and evolution, pathogenicity, transmission, and disease control of these two subtypes and also discuss the possibility of emergence of potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIVs to humans.

关键词: avian influenza virus     H9N2     H5N1     novel viruses     public health    

基于修正模拟退火算法及溢出面积模型的固定边界布图规划 Article

De-xuan ZOU,Gai-ge WANG,Gai PAN,Hong-wei QI

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1228-1244 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500386

摘要: 最后,以六组带有不同空置率及高宽比的benchmark为例,证实本文所提方法在解决固定边界布图规划问题上的效率,这些问题包括电路n10,n30,n50,n100,n200和n300。

关键词: 固定边界布图规划;修正的模拟退火算法;全局搜索;溢出面积模型;B*-tree表示法    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (

Sofiya K. MUHABA, Felix D. DAKORA

期刊论文

Enhanced nitrification in integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) system using novel

Aoshuang Jing, Tao Liu, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen, Yaobin Zhang

期刊论文

Selective reduction of NO by photo-SCR with ammonia in an annular fixed-film photoreactor

YiangChen CHOU, Young KU

期刊论文

Mass transfer mechanisms in fixed-bed adsorption of erythromycin

SUN Ying, ZHU Jiawen, CHEN Kui, ZHU Sheng, XU Jie

期刊论文

Reduction of hexavalent chromium with scrap iron in a fixed bed reactor

Yin WANG, Xuejiang WANG, Xin WANG, Mian LIU, Siqing XIA, Daqiang YIN, Yalei ZHANG, Jianfu ZHAO

期刊论文

Performance of fixed beam without interacting bars

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Behnam KARAMI, Timon RABCZUK, Arshia SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Ali NAGHSH, Mohammreza MOHAMMAD KHANI

期刊论文

Effects of pressure and temperature on fixed-site carrier membrane for CO 2 separation from natural gas

Meng WANG, Dongxiao YANG, Zhi WANG, Jixiao WANG, Shichang WANG,

期刊论文

Novel approach to control adsorbent aggregation: iron fixed bentonite-fly ash for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium

Teza Mwamulima, Xiaolin Zhang, Yongmei Wang, Shaoxian Song, Changsheng Peng

期刊论文

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent

Tong Li, Ke Xiao, Bo Yang, Guilong Peng, Fenglei Liu, Liyan Tao, Siyuan Chen, Haoran Wei, Gang Yu, Shubo Deng

期刊论文

Impact drive rotary precision actuator with piezoelectric bimorphs

ZHANG Hongzhuang, ZENG Ping, HUA Shunming, CHENG Guangming, YANG Zhigang

期刊论文

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

期刊论文

Enhancing the efficiency of nitrogen removing bacterial population to a wide range of C:N ratio (1.5:1 to 14:1) for simultaneous C & N removal

期刊论文

Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses

TAM, Khoa N. LE, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, Anthony BUTERA, Cuong N. N. TRAN, Ashraf TEARA

期刊论文

Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry

Jiao HU,Xiufan LIU

期刊论文

基于修正模拟退火算法及溢出面积模型的固定边界布图规划

De-xuan ZOU,Gai-ge WANG,Gai PAN,Hong-wei QI

期刊论文