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Characterization of a phenanthrene-degrading methanogenic community

Quanhui Ye, Chengyue Liang, Chongyang Wang, Yun Wang, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1083-2

摘要：

The mixed samples of contaminated soil, sludge and coke wastewater showed great phenanthrene methanogenic degradation potential.

Comamonadaceae, Nocardiaceae and Methanobacterium were dominant members.

Hexane, hexadecane and benzene could enhance phenanthrene degradation.

关键词： Phenanthrene degradation potential Methanogenic Bacterial population Archaeal group

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Sorption of phenanthrene to biochar modified by base

Zhengjun Feng, Lizhong Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0978-7

摘要： Biochar (BC) is a potential material for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil and water, and base modification is a promising method for improving its sorption ability. In this study, we synthesized a series of base-modified biochars, and evaluated their sorption of phenanthrene. Original biochars were produced by pyrolysis of three feedstocks (rice straw, wood and bamboo) at five temperatures (300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 500°C and 700°C). Base-modified biochars were further obtained by washing of biochars with base solution. The base soluble carbon (SC) was extracted from the supernatant, which were only obtained from biochars pyrolyzed at low temperatures (<500°C) and the content was decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The SC content between different feedstocks followed the trend of rice straw>wood>bamboo when same pyrolysis conditions were applied. It was found that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene on biochars that SC could be extracted from (extractable-BCs). However, base treatment but had limited effects for biochars that no SC could be extracted from. It suggested that base modification improved the sorption of phenanthrene to extractable-BCs by removing the SC and thus increasing the surface area and hydrophobicity. Therefore, base modification was suggested to be used in modifying extractable-BCs.

关键词： Biochar Base modification Phenanthrene

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Impact of solids on biphasic biodegradation of phenanthrene in the presence of hydroxypropyl- β

Zhenyi ZHANG, Chihiro INOUE, Guanghe LI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 329-333 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0232-z

摘要： The consequence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is of great concern. The hydrophobic properties of PAHs significantly impact phase distribution causing limited bioavailability. Enhanced biodegradation has been extensively carried out by surfactants and the redeployment effect was recognized. However, the quantitative relationship concerning the impact of solids was rarely reported. A batch of biphasic tests were carried out by introducing PYR-1 and hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD) into a mixture of phenanthrene solution and various glass beads (GB37-63, GB105-125, and GB350-500). The comparative results demonstrated that HPCD had little effect on microbial growth and was not degradable by bacterium. A model was proposed to describe the biodegradation process. The regression results indicated that the partition coefficient (1.234, 0.726 and 0.448 L·g) and the degradation rate (0 mmol·L: 0.055, 0.094, and 0.112; 20 mmol·L: 0.126, 0.141, and 0.156; 40 mmol·L: 0.141, 0.156 and 0.184 d) were positively and negatively correlated with the calculated total surface area (TSA) of solids, respectively. Degradation enhanced in the presence of HPCD, and the enhancing factor was calculated (20 mmol·L: 15.16, 40.01, and 145.5; 40 mmol·L: 13.29, 37.97, and 138.4), indicating that the impact of solids was significant for the enhancement of biodegradation.

关键词： biphasic biodegradation hydroxypropyl-β -cyclodextrin (HPCD) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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Phenanthrene sorption to environmental black carbon in sediments from the Song-Liao watershed (China)

Jinghuan ZHANG, Mengchang HE, Chunye LIN, Ke SUN, Bin MEN, John L. ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0150-0

摘要： Black carbon (BC) in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-Liao watershed, NE China, was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375°C, and the isolates’ sorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) were determined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model. A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter ( values) and BC/total organic carbon (TOC) content of the original sediments (=0.687, <0.01), indicating the dominance of BC in Phen sorption nonlinearity. The BC isolates from this industrialized region had values of 0.342 to 0.505 and log values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg·OC)/(μg·L) for Phen. At a given , the BC had higher value than the original sediments, revealing a higher sorption capacity for BC. BC was responsible for 50.0% to 87.3% of the total sorption at =0.05 , clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments.

关键词： phenanthrene sorption black carbon sediment Song-Liao watershed

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Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

ZHU Runliang, ZHU Lizhong, ZHU Jianxi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 79-82 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0015-3

摘要： The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl3 and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate.

关键词： phenanthrene settling respective residual turbidity Inorganic-organic

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Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation with four kinds of electron acceptors enriched from the same mixed

Zuotao Zhang, Chongyang Wang, Jianzhong He, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1164-x

摘要： Anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation enriched process was described in detail. The enriched bacterial communities were characterized under four redox conditions. The enriched archaeal communities were stated under high percentage conditions. Relatively intact pathways of anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation were proposed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent contaminants worldwide, especially in environments devoid of molecular oxygen. For lack of molecular oxygen, researchers enhanced anaerobic zones PAHs biodegradation by adding sulfate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and iron. However, microbial community reports of them were limited, and information of metabolites was poor except two-ring PAH, naphthalene. Here, we reported on four phenanthrene-degrading enrichment cultures with sulfate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and iron as electron acceptors from the same initial inoculum. The high-to-low order of the anaerobic phenanthrene biodegradation rate was the nitrate-reducing conditions>sulfate-reducing conditions>methanogenic conditions>iron-reducing conditions. The dominant bacteria populations were Desulfobacteraceae, Anaerolinaceae, and Thermodesulfobiaceae under sulfate-reducing conditions; Moraxellaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Comamonadaceae under methanogenic conditions; Rhodobacteraceae, Planococcaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae under nitrate-reducing conditions; and Geobacteraceae, Carnobacteriaceae, and Anaerolinaceae under iron-reducing conditions, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that bacteria populations of longtime enriched cultures with four electron acceptors all obtained significant changes from original inoculum, and bacterial communities were similar under nitrate-reducing and iron-reducing conditions. Archaea accounted for a high percentage under iron-reducing and methanogenic conditions, and Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, as well as Methanobacteriaceae, were the dominant archaea populations under iron-reducing and methanogenic conditions. The key steps of phenanthrene biodegradation under four reducing conditions were carboxylation, further ring system reduction, and ring cleavage.

关键词： Phenanthrene Anaerobic biodegradation Bacterial populations Archaea populations Metabolic pathway

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Reduced kinetic mechanism of -heptane oxidation in modeling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in opposed-flow diffusion flames

ZHONG Beijing, XI Jun

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 326-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0047-9

摘要： A reduced mechanism, which could couple with the multidimensional computational fluid dynamics code for quantitative description of a reacting flow, was developed for chemical kinetic modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in an opposed-flow diffusion flame. The complete kinetic mechanism, which comprises 572 reactions and 108 species, was reduced to a simplified mechanism that includes only 83 reactions and 56 species through sensitivity analysis. The results computed via this reduced mechanism are nearly indistinguishable from those via the detailed mechanism, which demonstrate that the model based on this reduced mechanism can properly describe -heptane oxidation chemistry and quantitatively predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) formation in opposed-flow diffusion flames.

关键词： phenanthrene multidimensional computational sensitivity analysis polycyclic mechanism

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Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic bacterial consortium

Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0888-0

摘要： Various salinities affected the PAH-biodegrading community structure. Various salinities affected the growth of strains with different salt tolerance. The two genes belonged to a new divergent cluster of the known -like genes. The two main genes had correlations with the phenanthrene degradation. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of salinity on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation, community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene ( ) diversity of a halophilic bacterial consortium with the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. The consortium was developed from oil-contaminated saline soil after enrichment for six times, using phenanthrene as the substrate. The prominent species in the bacterial consortium at all salinities were identified as halophilic bacteria , , , , and uncultured bacteria. The predominant microbes gradually changed associating with the saline concentration fluctuations ranging from 0.1% to 25% (w/v). Two alpha subunits were dominant at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while not been clearly detected at 25% salinity. Consistently, the biodegradation occurred at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while no at 25% salinity, suggesting the two genes played an important role in the degradation. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both of the two alpha subunits were related to the classic -like gene from AN10 and PaK1, while one with identity of about 82% and the other one with identity of 90% at amino acid sequence level. We concluded that salinity greatly affected halophilic bacterial community structure and also the functional genes which were more related to biodegradation.

关键词： Phenanthrene Halophilic bacteria Gene diversity Naphthalene dioxygenase genes

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Modification of acidity of Mo-Fe/HZSM-5 zeolite via argon plasma treatment

ZHU Xinli, YU Kailu, CHENG Dangguo, XIA Qing, LIU Changjun, ZHANG Yueping

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 55-58 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0005-4

摘要： The NH-TPD characterization was conducted to confirm that the acidity of Mo-Fe/HZSM-5 zeolite could be selectively modified via the glow discharge plasma treatment. The plasma catalyst treatment could totally change the distribution of aromatic products with higher methane conversion compared to the untreated catalyst. Some polycyclic aromatics such as anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene were also produced over the plasma treated catalyst, in addition to benzene, toluene and naphthalene, which were normally obtained over the untreated catalyst.

关键词： phenanthrene Mo-Fe/HZSM-5 conversion glow discharge polycyclic