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洛哌丁胺对胞内病原菌感染的治疗作用 Article

刘洪涛, 李思琦, 邓乐, 史真旭, 姜晨晓, 舒婧妍, 刘源, 邓旭明, 王建锋, 郭志敏, 邱家章

《工程（英文）》 2024年第39卷第8期页码 180-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.011

摘要：基于此，本研究采用庆大霉素保护试验从FDA批准的药物库中筛选能够抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella Typhimurium, ST）胞内增殖的药物，发现洛哌丁胺（Loperamide

关键词：胞内菌 FDA药物老药新用洛哌丁胺自噬非转移性黑色素瘤糖蛋白B

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Causality between energy consumption and GDP in the U.S.: evidence from wavelet analysis

Alper ASLAN, Nicholas APERGIS, Selim YILDIRIM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0290-6

摘要： This study investigates the dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the U.S. at different time scales. The main novelty of the study is that this paper complements the existing studies on the nexus between energy consumption and economic growth by employing the wavelet transformation to obtain different time scales in order to investigate causality between energy consumption and economic growth. This method is first developed by Ramsey and Lampart. Their approach consists of first decomposing the series into time scales by wavelet filters and testing causality of each time scale with the pertinent time scale of the other series separately. The data span from 1973q1 to 2012q1 on a quarterly basis. The main empirical insight is that the causal relationship is stronger at finer time scales, whereas the relationship is less and less apparent at longer time horizons. The results indicate that energy consumption causes economic growth, while the reverse is not true at the original frequency of the data. At the very finest scale the same result arises. However, at coarser scales feedback is observed. In particular, at intermediate time scales the evidence indicates that energy consumption causes economic growth, while the reverse is also true. These empirical findings are expected to be of high importance in terms of the effective design and implementation of energy and environmental policies, especially when a number of countries in the pursuit of high economic growth targets do not pay any serious attention on environmental issues.

关键词： energy consumption economic growth wavelet analysis granger causality

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中美页岩气成藏条件、分布特征差异研究与启示

李建忠,李登华,董大忠,王社教

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 56-63

摘要：

美国页岩气大多为海相热成因型，产气页岩主要分布在前陆和克拉通盆地的泥盆—石炭系，埋藏深度一般为1 500~3 500 m。我国页岩分为海相、海陆过渡相与煤系、湖相三类，其中海相页岩主要发育在坳拉槽和克拉通盆地的下古生界，富有机质集中段分布稳定，热成熟度偏高，有较高的含气量，勘探前景最好；海陆过渡相与煤系页岩主要发育在大型坳陷和前陆盆地，层系以石炭系—侏罗系为主，没有明显的富有机质集中段，含气量差别较大，勘探潜力有待落实；湖相页岩主要发育在中、新生代陆相盆地，富有机质集中段厚度大，成熟度较高的凹陷中心区可能具有一定资源前景。预测我国页岩气勘探将经历较长的探索期，未来年产量可达500亿～600亿m3规模。

关键词：页岩气成藏条件分布特征富有机质页岩中美对比启示

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美国联邦政府机构技术预测工具应用态势分析

孙棕檀,李云,李浩悦,特日格乐

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 92-96 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.016

摘要：

美国国防分析研究所发布的《美国联邦政府技术预测工具应用现状与潜在应用》研究报告对美国联邦政府机构技术预测工作开展现状进行了梳理，对联邦政府机构期望拥有的技术预测工具能力进行了分析。本文在此基础上，对联邦政府机构技术预测工具的应用态势进行了总结，为我国开发相应技术预测工具提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：美国联邦政府机构技术预测工具自动化

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Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China’s homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116)

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 1068-1079 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1037-3

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir–ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China’s homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.

关键词： COVID-19 antiviral drugs mindeudesivir

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美国绿色BIM应用现状及其对中国建设领域的影响分析

杨宇,尹航

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 103-112

摘要：

近年来，绿色BIM（building information modeling）受到美国等发达国家建设领域的广泛关注与重视，多数运用绿色BIM技术的建筑工程项目也获得了能够有效兼顾可持续性与经济性的良好效果。尽管绿色BIM实践中仍存在诸多问题，但绿色BIM已成为建设领域未来发展的必然趋势。笔者基于绿色BIM在美国的应用现状对其在中国建设领域的影响进行了初步分析，分析认为，相较于美国的绿色BIM，中国的绿色BIM起步较晚，技术上也存在巨大差距，在发展过程中，应充分借鉴绿色BIM在美国的成熟实践经验，并结合中国建设领域的特点，形成符合中国国情的绿色BIM操作流程、重视绿色BIM在不同类型建筑工程项目中的运用、重视建筑材料及可再生能源的选择和使用、加强BIM软件及相关技术本土化和政府投入，以有效推动绿色建筑发展、实现节能减排目标。

关键词： BIM 绿色BIM 绿色建筑可持续性经济性建设领域

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Chinese expert consensus on oral drugs for the treatment of mature B-cell lymphomas (2020 edition)

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 815-826 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0891-0

摘要： Oral drugs such as ibrutinib play an important role in the treatment of mature B-cell lymphoma (BCL) due to their reliable efficacy, manageable safety, high accessibility, and convenience for use. Still, no guidelines or consensus focusing on oral drug therapies for BCL is available. To provide a reference of oral agent-based treatment for mature BCL, a panel of experts from the Lymphocyte Disease Group, Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association conducted an extensive discussion and reached a consensus on oral drugs for Chinese BCL patients on the basis of the current application status of oral drugs in China, combined with the latest authoritative guidelines in the world and current research reports. This consensus reviewed the application of oral drugs in the treatment of BCL and the latest research and provided appropriate recommendations on the use of oral drugs for indolent or aggressive BCL patients. With the deepening of research and the development of standardized clinical applications, oral medications will bring better treatment to BCL patients, enabling more patients to benefit from them.

关键词： B-cell lymphoma oral drug targeted therapy immunotherapy COVID-19 pandemic

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整合药学发展的战略思考

张勇,赵一秀,杨宝峰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 185-192 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.022

摘要：

整合药学是以现代药学为基础、随着人类对复杂性疾病认识的日益深刻而提出来的，涉及新药研发、传统医药创新、临床药学实践、药学学科建设及人才培养等诸多领域。为推进我国整合药学实践的发展，本文运用文献研究、学术交流、专家咨询等方法，阐明了整合药学理念及内涵，提出了整合药学的未来发展战略。研究指出，要促进现代药学与传统药学的整合，应建立健全整合用药临床实践指南、鼓励基于整合思维的创新中药研究、规范整合中西药临床应用；推进基于整合药学的新药研发，应创新整合药物设计思路、开发适应整合药学的药物评价体系、加快建设整合药物的新药研发体系；推进整合药学的临床实践，应进一步完善以患者为中心的临床用药指导、实现个体化治疗、丰富整合药学临床实践内容、加强整合药物合理应用；推进整合药学学科建设，应丰富基于整合药学的药学本科理论和实践课程、加强教育培训及专业间协作。整合药学是现代药学理论和实践的变革与发展，融合药学各相关学科的理论与实践，是构建促进人类健康、完善医疗体系的新型药学理论和实践体系。

关键词：整合药学，整合药物，新药研发，药物评价，临床用药指导

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nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal release of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs

Vaibhav Mundra, Ram I. Mahato

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 387-404 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1457-3

摘要： There are many challenges in developing efficient and target specific delivery systems of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs. Cell membrane presents one of the major barriers for the penetration of hydrophilic macromolecules across the plasma membrane. Nanocarriers have been designed to enhance their cellular uptake via endocytosis but following their cellular uptake, endosomal escape is the rate limiting step which restricts the value associated with the enhanced uptake by nanocarriers. Viruses are an excellent model for efficient cytosolic delivery by nanocarriers. Viruses exploit intracellular cues to release the genome to cytosol. In this review, we first discuss different endocytic uptake pathways and endosomal escape mechanisms. We then summarize the existing tools for studying the intracellular trafficking of nanocarriers. Finally, we highlight the important design elements of recent virus-based nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape.

关键词： nanocarrier cellular uptake endosomal release nucleic acid drug

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Biofuels and food security

Dmitry S. STREBKOV

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 1-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015052

摘要： The major source of energy comes from fossil fuels. The current situation in the field of fuel and energy is becoming more problematic as world population continues to grow because of the limitation of fossil fuels reserve and its pressure on environment. This review aims to find economic, reliable, renewable and non-polluting energy sources to reduce high energy tariffs in Russian Federation. Biofuel is fuel derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Other alternative energy sources including solar energy and electric power generation are also discussed. Over 100 Mt of biomass available for energy purposes is produced every year in Russian. One of the downsides of biomass energy is its potential threatens to food security and forage industries. An innovative approach proved that multicomponent fuel (80% diesel oil content for motor and 64% for in stove fuel) can remarkably reduce the costs. This paper proposed that the most promising energy model for future is based on direct solar energy conversion and transcontinental terawatt power transmission with the use of resonant wave-guide technology.

关键词： fossil fuels biofuels food security electric power solar energy

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China’s new problems of food security revealed by the Food Equivalent Unit

Huilong LIN,Ruichao LI,Cangyu JIN,Chong WANG,Maohong WEI,Jizhou REN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 69-76 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014023

摘要： China's food security has a great influence on the world, and has always been the top priority in China. In recent years, as the concept of food security is evolving into one of nutrition security and the importance of food diversity is increasing, research based on nutrition security and broad food systems are increasingly needed in today’s China. Thus, not only grain for human consumption, but also animal foods have been integrated into the Food Equivalent, which is used to analyze China’s current agriculture system and reveal the water resource distribution. The results indicated that the average animal food consumption has risen by 78.6%, and now China’s daily supply of animal food per capita has reached about 50% of that in the USA and 80% of that in the South Korea. So there exist an obvious disparity in animal food supply between China and these two countries. It is impossible for the China’s current agricultural system to achieve the level in the USA. Under China’s current agricultural system, the consumption proportion of feed grain had surpassed the consumption of food grain, increased sharply from 33% in 1992 to 67% in 2011. However, the growth potential of total grain output is approaching an upper limit, so the continued growth of feed grain demand exerts great pressure on the China’s food supply. The discordance of the spatial distribution of water resource and virtual water revealed that China’s current agriculture system had a low efficiency in being able to achieve food and nutrition security. China’s current “grain farming” cannot meet the demand of increasing nutrition and appropriate resource utilization. The implementation of grassland agriculture appears feasible and necessary for saving feed grain, providing a large number of high-quality animal foods and appropriate water resource utilization.

关键词： food security nutrition security food equivalent unit grassland agriculture China

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Strategic analysis of China’s geothermal energy industry

Hao GONG, Baicun WANG, Haijun LIANG, Zuoxian LUO, Yaofeng CAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 390-401 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0106-4

摘要： China is an early user of geothermal energy, and its direct use ranks first in the world. Recent national strategies and policies have enabled China’s geothermal energy industry to enter a new era with important development opportunities. This paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to China’s geothermal energy industry from political, economic, social, and technological (PEST) perspectives. SWOT–PEST analysis indicates that the resources, market, and technological foundation exist for the large-scale development of China’s geothermal energy industry. However, it experiences constraints, such as unclear resource distributions, incomplete development of government regulations, incomplete implementation of national policies, unclear authority between governmental administrative systems, and lack of uniform technical standards and codes. Therefore, future development strategies have been proposed to provide technical support and policy tools for geothermal energy development. The recommendations to ensure its healthy and sustainable development include improving resource exploration, rationalizing administration systems, enhancing policy guidance and financial support, and cultivating geothermal talent.

关键词： geothermal energy strategic analysis SWOT–PEST policy administration

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AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND CARBON REDUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA’S DUAL CARBON GOALS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 262-267 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023496

摘要：

● To achieve food security, Chinese agriculture– food system could not achieve C neutrality.

关键词： agriculture carbon neutrality carbon peak food security carbon mitigation strategies

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Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0777-6

摘要： Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the years have combined to select antibiotic-resistant determinants and develop resistome in bacteria. At present, the emergence of drug resistance because of resistome is a significant problem faced by clinicians for the treatment of Salmonella infection. Antibiotic resistome is a dynamic and ever-expanding component in Salmonella. The foundation of resistome in Salmonella is laid long before; therefore, the antibiotic resistome of Salmonella is reviewed, discussed, and summarized. We have searched the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar with related key terms (resistome, Salmonella, antibiotics, drug resistance) and prepared this review. In this review, we summarize the status of resistance against antibiotics in S. typhi, highlight the seminal work in the resistome of S. typhi and the genes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and discuss the various methods to identify S. typhi resistome for the proactive identification of this infection and quick diagnosis of the disease.

关键词： S. typhi antibiotic resistance mechanism resistome identification methods

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Repurposing clinical drugs is a promising strategy to discover drugs against Zika virus infection

Weibao Song, Hongjuan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Rui Li, Yanxing Han, Yuan Lin, Jiandong Jiang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 404-415 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0834-9

摘要： Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen associated with neurological complications, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns. This mosquito-borne flavivirus causes important social and sanitary problems owing to its rapid dissemination. However, the development of antivirals against ZIKV is lagging. Although various strategies have been used to study anti-ZIKV agents, approved drugs or vaccines for the treatment (or prevention) of ZIKV infections are currently unavailable. Repurposing clinically approved drugs could be an effective approach to quickly respond to an emergency outbreak of ZIKV infections. The well-established safety profiles and optimal dosage of these clinically approved drugs could provide an economical, safe, and efficacious approach to address ZIKV infections. This review focuses on the recent research and development of agents against ZIKV infection by repurposing clinical drugs. Their characteristics, targets, and potential use in anti-ZIKV therapy are presented. This review provides an update and some successful strategies in the search for anti-ZIKV agents are given.

关键词： Zika virus clinical drugs ZIKV inhibitors antivirals repurposing