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Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1

摘要: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.

关键词: obesity     children     adolescents     epidemiology     risk factor     prevention    

effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1

摘要:

● A study assessing the temperature-injury relationship was conducted among students.

关键词: Ambient temperature     Fall     Road traffic injury     Student     China    

Factors influencing peak bone mass gain

Xiaowei Zhu, Houfeng Zheng

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 53-69 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0748-y

摘要: Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10% increase in peak bone mass (PBM) at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%. Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood. Race, gender, and family history (genetics) are responsible for the majority of PBM, but other factors, such as physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, weight, smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and other secondary causes (diseases and medications), play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence. Hence, the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people, and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.

关键词: peak bone mass     children     adolescents     genetic     risk factors    

Testing of tuberculosis infection among Chinese adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette

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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 528-535 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0573-0

摘要:

The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) booster vaccination in China was estimated using tuberculin skin testing (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QFT) to investigate the influence of neonatal BCG vaccination on the performance of TST. Data analysis was conducted for 2831 eligible participants aged 5–15 years from the baseline survey of a population-based multi-center prospective study. The prevalence rates of TST (induration≥10 mm) and QFT positivity were 9.3% (264/2827) and 2.5% (71/2831), respectively. The rate of QFT indeterminate result was 2.2% (62/2831). The overall agreement between TST and QFT was low (concordance= 88.0%; κ coefficient= 0.125). Only TST was positively associated with BCG vaccination with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.71 [95% confidence interval, 1.26–2.31]. A history of close contact with patients of active TB was significantly associated with positivity for TST and QFT. Our results suggested that BCG neonatal vaccination still affects TST performance, and a two-step approach might be considered for TB infection testing among adolescents in China.

关键词: tuberculin skin test     interferon-γ release assays     adolescent     agreement    

Joint association of physical activity/screen time and diet on CVD risk factors in 10-year-old children

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《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 428-435 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0232-4

摘要:

The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While several studies examined the effect of single behaviors such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior or diet on CVD risk, there is a lack of research on combined associations, specifically in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the joint association of PA or screen time (ST) and diet on CVD risk factors in children. PA, ST and diet were assessed via questionnaire in 210 fifth grade students (age: 10.6±0.4 years). The healthy eating index (HEI) was subsequently calculated as indicator for diet quality. Height, weight, % body fat, and resting blood pressure were measured according to standard procedures and blood samples obtained via fingerprick were assayed for blood lipids. Total cholesterol HDL ratio (TC:HDL), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and % body fat were used as indicators of CVD risk. 55% of children did not meet current PA recommendations on at least 5 days/week and 70% exceeded current recommendations for ST. Further, only 2.5% possessed a “good” diet (HEI>80). There was no significant association of PA or ST and diet on CVD risk score. Neither TC:HDL, MAP, and % body fat nor the total CVD risk score was significantly correlated with diet, PA, or ST. Children in the high PA group, however, had significantly better diet scores. Despite the fact that self-reported PA, ST, or dietary intake were not directly related to CVD risk in this sample, higher activity levels were associated with a healthier diet and lower ST indicating an overall healthier lifestyle of this subgroup.

关键词: exercise     sedentary behavior     metabolic syndrome     health behavior     adolescents     TV time     healthy eating index    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

期刊论文

effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents

期刊论文

Factors influencing peak bone mass gain

Xiaowei Zhu, Houfeng Zheng

期刊论文

Testing of tuberculosis infection among Chinese adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette

null

期刊论文

Joint association of physical activity/screen time and diet on CVD risk factors in 10-year-old children

null

期刊论文