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Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

Leslie G. FIRBANK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291

摘要：

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.

关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmentalpolicy framework

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy distributed environment policy distributed parameter model lumped parameter model

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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics

Vera CHINENOVA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x

摘要：

The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.

关键词： theory of mechanisms and machines agricultural machinery engineering agricultural mechanics

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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China

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南方农产品产地环境防治系统工程与案例——以鄱阳湖为例

黄彩红, 席北斗, 袁文超, 唐朱睿

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第5期页码 148-152 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.022

摘要：

鄱阳湖平原作为长江中下游平原的重要组成部分，是我国重要的商品粮生产基地，总体环境质量较好，土壤重金属污染处于中低等程度，且污染点位占比较低。以鄱阳湖作为南方农产品产地环境防治的系统工程与案例，与保护优先的环境保护理念相一致，具有典型性和代表性。本文阐明了鄱阳湖平原的主要环境问题并解析其成因，提出基于山水林田湖系统防治理念的环境质量提升对策和重点工程，对于鄱阳湖流域农产品主产地的环境质量改善具有重要的指导意义。结果表明，鄱阳湖平原环境污染以土壤重金属污染为主，生活源污染占比增加，畜禽养殖污染未能得到有效控制，且工矿企业和土壤重金属背景值是引起污染的主要诱因。基于此，应在以下三方面强化落实：一是多环境要素有机结合，强化系统防治与统一监管；二是以水环境质量为核心，提升管理精细化水平；三是重视环境应急预案，严控污染源进入土壤。

关键词：鄱阳湖环境防治系统工程政策建议

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Translating evidence into policy in China: opportunities and challenges

Jiyao Wang, Xuejuan Jin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 315-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0146-6

摘要： Research and evidence are critical for the formulation of policies and practices in support of health care. In the past two decades, the Chinese Clinical Epidemiology Network has been promoting evidence-based policy making in China. Evidence-based policy has become a major part of the government’s approach to policy making. The current article addresses the translation of evidence into health policies based on the expansion of evidence-based medicine in China. It also discusses the opportunities and challenges for certain evidence to be considered in policy making and practice in the future.

关键词： clinical epidemiology evidence-based decision making policy

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Hierarchical methodological framework to improve Policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer

Yinglie ZHOU, Cunkuan BAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 82-90 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0004-9

摘要： This study explores the current implementation challenges of the Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA), including the implementation of a far richer, more diverse (at macro level), and better understanding of PEA and integration with decision making. The results contribute to the analysis of PEA through different hierarchies of assessment. Stemming from the theory and practice of policy, a concept of PEA hierarchies is proposed including the uppermost PEA, upper-lower PEA, and lowermost PEA. Afterward, the differences of the three hierarchies are interpreted, in terms of aims, principles, processes, and methods. The evaluation of the policy environmental impacts from different lens helps solve the complexities of policies and identify opportunities for improvement of PEA.

关键词： Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA) policy hierarchy PEA hierarchy methodological framework

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives Policy Regulation Sustainable development

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我国农业生产的发展方向：从机械化到智慧化

罗锡文,廖娟,臧英,区颖刚,汪沛

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 46-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.005

摘要：

“谁来种地，怎样种地”是中国和全世界农业生产面临的共同问题。改革开放以来，我国农业生产的机械化水平已显著提高；而农业生产智慧化是今后社会发展的必然趋势，将以智能装备为基础，以数据和知识为核心要素，使现代科学技术与农业深度融合，实现农业生产全过程的数字化感知、智能化决策、精准化作业和智慧化管理，进一步大幅提高劳动生产率、土地产出率和资源利用率。本文以水稻生产为例介绍了我国农业生产的发展现状，分析了我国农业生产向智慧化生产转变的必要性，总结了我国农业生产向智慧化发展面临的机遇与挑战，据此提出了我国农业生产的发展方向和发展路线。为促进我国农业生产方式从机械化向智慧化转变，本文提出了加强农机装备研发和创新体系建设、加强农机推广体系建设、加强农机社会化服务体系建设、加快智慧农业示范区建设等对策建议。

关键词：农业生产水稻生产农业机械化信息技术智能农机农业生产智慧化

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Agriculture Green Development in China and the UK: common objectives and converging policy pathways

Yuelai LU, David NORSE, David POWLSON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 98-105 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019298

摘要：

This paper has three aims. First, to examine how the negative environmental consequences of intensive agriculture have driven China and the UK to shift away from narrowly focused farm output policies and adopt more holistic green development pathways. Second, to explore the policy objectives they have in common. Third, to assess the numerous opportunities for joint research and knowledge sharing through the Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network and other existing institutional mechanisms. The intensification of agricultural production in the UK started several decades earlier than in China as did the negative environmental consequences of the farm practices. However, their strategies and policies for sustainable intensification and green development have much in common. These are set out in two main documents: the Chinese State Council guidelines for green agriculture and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 25 Year Environment Plan. There are substantial mutual advantages from greater collaboration on problem identification and monitoring; the development of appropriate technological and management responses and the formulation of sound policies. To achieve this potential, it is recommended that further thought be given to how best to bring together all of the key stakeholders along the whole food chain.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development China policy UK

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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支持新能源发展的财税政策研究

魏向杰

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 67-74

摘要：

财税政策是促进新能源发展的一种重要政策手段。美国等发达国家在利用财税政策支持新能源发展方面积累了丰富经验。我国开发利用新能源的时间较短，相关财税政策尚不完善，因此需要借鉴国外有益经验，进一步健全新能源财税政策体系，促进新能源发展。

关键词：新能源；财政政策；税收政策

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New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 570-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5

摘要：

China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.

关键词： two-child policy birth defects cesarean delivery placenta previa

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装备与信息协同促进现代智慧农业发展研究

韩佳伟,朱文颖,张博,赵春江,杨信廷

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 55-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.007

摘要：

农业机械装备是现代农业发展的物质基础、农业机械化发展的重要标志，新一代信息技术驱动农业机械装备智能化转型升级；基于装备与信息技术协同的智慧农业成为现代农业发展的新趋势，对提高农业生产效率、推动农业机械优质高效发展具有积极意义。本文对比分析了国内外智慧农业的研究现状，梳理了我国农业机械装备、农业信息技术的研究进展与趋势；在剖析我国现代智慧农业发展需求并前瞻发展价值的基础上，提出重点工程发展建议：农业生态系统监测网络新基建工程、国家农业大数据中心及运行机制构建工程、智能农机装备研发应用工程、农业信息服务示范工程、果蔬商品化处理智能感控技术与装备研发示范工程。研究认为，立足国情加大农业科技创新投入并优化结构、建立农业“产学研”创新联盟、完善农业科技创新激励政策，可为引导现代智慧农业发展提供坚实保障。

关键词：农业装备农业信息化农业信息服务智能农机新基建

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Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0865-7

摘要： Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.

关键词： agricultural film groundwater exploitation food security environmental cost