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Influence of infiltration on energy consumption of a winery building

Hejiang SUN, Qingxia YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 110-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0293-3

摘要： With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.

关键词： industrial building air change rate pressurization test method moisture condensation method energy cost

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适应性贴附通风——负压呼吸性传染病隔离病房有效性的比较研究 Article

张莹, 韩欧, 李安桂, 侯立安, Thomas Olofsson, 张林华, 雷文君

《工程（英文）》 2022年第8卷第1期页码 130-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.020

摘要：

新型冠状病毒的传播给隔离病房的室内环境控制提出了挑战。科学的气流组织设计和运行管理是保证医护人员环境安全的关键。本文提出了适应性贴附通风在隔离病房的应用，并从污染物扩散、去除效率、热舒适性和运行费用等方面对这种送风方式进行了评估。适应性贴附通风将新鲜空气直接、较好地供应至医护人员工作区。与顶送风或侧壁上送风相比，在相同的污染物释放率和房间换气次数（ACH; 10 h^-1）条件下，适应性贴附通风的污染物平均浓度降低了15% ~ 47%。理想的混合通风的污染物去除效率不能超过1.0。对于适应性贴附通风，污染物去除效率是换气次数的指数函数。与顶送风模式或侧壁上送风模式相比，适应性贴附通风可实现相似的热舒适水平[预测平均评价（PMV）为-0.1~0.4；吹风感为2.5%~6.7%]，且以较低的换气次数和能耗获得相似去除污染物的性能。

关键词：通风效率换气率 COVID-19 贴附通风气流组织隔离病房

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Experimental study of heat transfer coefficient with rectangular baffle fin of solar air heater

Foued CHABANE,Nesrine HATRAF,Noureddine MOUMMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 160-172 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0321-y

摘要： This paper presents an experimental analysis of a single pass solar air collector with, and without using baffle fin. The heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and air can be considerably increased by using artificial roughness on the bottom plate and under the absorber plate of a solar air heater duct. An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of roughness and operating parameters on heat transfer. The investigation has covered the range of Reynolds number from 1259 to 2517 depending on types of the configuration of the solar collectors. Based on the experimental data, values of Nusselt number have been determined for different values of configurations and operating parameters. To determine the enhancement in heat transfer and increment in thermal efficiency, the values of Nusselt have been compared with those of smooth duct under similar flow conditions.

关键词： Nusselt number flow rate heat transfer heat transfer coefficient thermal efficiency forced convection

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Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor

Xin Xing, Yin Yu, Hongbo Xi, Guangqing Song, Yajiao Wang, Jiane Zuo, Yuexi Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1055-6

摘要：

HAP was verified to reduce the toxicity of TMP wastewater effectively.

Actual TMP wastewater was fed in HAP with different dilution ratios for 240 days.

Formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol were all greatly removed.

Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (the abundance increased to 57.08%).

关键词： Trimethylolpropane wastewater Hydrolysis acidification process Toxicity Oxygen uptake rate 16S rDNA

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Indoor carbonyl compounds in an academic building in Beijing, China: concentrations and influencing factors

Chuanjia JIANG, Pengyi ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 184-194 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0309-3

摘要： Carbonyl compounds in indoor air are of great concern for their adverse health effects. Between February and May, 2009, concentrations of 13 carbonyl compounds were measured in an academic building in Beijing, China. Total concentration of the detected carbonyls ranged from 20.7 to 189.1 μg·m , and among them acetone and formaldehyde were the most abundant, with mean concentrations of 26.4 and 22.6 μg·m , respectively. Average indoor concentrations of other carbonyls were below 10 μg·m . Principal component analysis identified a combined effect of common indoor carbonyl sources and ventilation on indoor carbonyl levels. Diurnal variations of the carbonyl compounds were investigated in one office room, and carbonyl concentrations tended to be lower in the daytime than at night, due to enhanced ventilation. Average concentrations of carbonyl compounds in the office room were generally higher in early May than in late February, indicating the influence of temperature. Carbonyl source emission rates from both the room and human occupants were estimated during two lectures, based on one-compartment mass balance model. The influence of human occupants on indoor carbonyl concentrations varies with environmental conditions, and may become significant in the case of a large human occupancy.

关键词： carbonyl compounds indoor air ventilation human occupancy source emission rate (SER) principal component analysis (PCA)

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Load shedding scheme for an interconnected hydro-thermal hybrid system with SMES

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 227-236 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0198-6

摘要： The frequency of the power system varies based on the load pattern of the consumers. With continuous increase in the load, the frequency of the system keeps decreasing and may reach its minimum allowable limits. Further increase in the load will result in more frequency drop leading to the need of load shedding, if excess generation is not available to cater the need. This paper proposed a methodology in a hybrid thermal-hydro system for finding the required amount of load to be shed for setting the frequency of the system within its minimum allowable limits. The load shedding steps were obtained based on the rate of change of frequency with the increase in the load in both areas. The impact of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) was obtained on load shedding scheme. The comparison of the results was presented on the two-area system.

关键词： critical load frequency response load shedding multi-area system rate of change of frequency superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device

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Load shedding scheme for the two-area system with linear quadratic regulator

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 90-102 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0224-8

摘要： The power system is prone to many emergency conditions which may lead to emergency state of operation with decay in the system frequency. The dramatic change in the frequency can result in cascaded failure of the system. In order to avoid power system collapse, load shedding (LS) schemes are adopted with the optimal amount of load shed. This paper proposed a methodology in a two-area thermal-thermal system for finding the required amount of load to be shed for setting the frequency of the system within minimum allowable limits. The LS steps have been obtained based on the rate of change of frequency with the increase in load in steps. A systematic study has been conducted for three scenarios: the scheme with a conventional integral controller; the scheme with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR); and the scheme with an LQR and superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES). A comparison of the results has been presented on the two-area system.

关键词： critical load frequency response load shedding (LS) multi-area system rate of change of frequency linear quadratic regulator (LQR) superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES)

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气候协同的区域空气质量精细化调控战略研究

吴志军,王志立,张强,陆克定,李歆,胡建林,郭松,邢佳,同丹,王德英,胡京南,雷宇,王书肖,龚山陵,胡敏,张小曳,贺克斌,张远航

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 164-172 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.015

摘要：

开展气候协同的区域空气质量精细化调控研究，对推进我国空气质量持续改善、构建未来气候背景下多污染物协同减排路径、实现绿色可持续发展具有重大战略意义。本文分析了区域大气污染演变规律、多污染物相互作用机制、污染防治策略与控制技术成效，完成了多视角剖析与多技术相互印证的集成研究，阐明了多污染物非线性响应关系，并梳理形成了区域精细化调控技术体系；在探讨气候变化与大气污染相互影响的基础上，提炼了空气质量精细化调控技术路线，提出了中长期空气质量改善策略和路线图。研究建议，针对当前的大气复合污染特征，PM2.5与O3协同控制的核心在于大气氧化性调控，需要持续强化一次污染物减排，同时因时因地并结合气候气象条件开展VOCs和NOx协同的精细化减排；发挥“双碳”政策的推动作用，通过四大结构调整和低碳转型，实现多类型污染物的协同深度减排，达到PM2.5与O3浓度的同步下降。

关键词：大气污染；PM2.5；臭氧；气候变化；空气质量改善

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Climate change and China’s mega urban regions

Chaolin GU, Sunsheng HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 418-430 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5

摘要： China’s mega urban regions are focal points of economic development and environmental concerns. This paper positions four mega urban regions (i.e., the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Bohai Bay Area, and the South-eastern Fujian Province) along China’s coast into the national economy and elaborates their development challenges and planning innovations. Mega urban regions in China are spatial consequences of rapid economic transition. They deserve close scrutiny and demands for innovative planning responses in order to maintain their key role in driving economic growth but limiting their greenhouse gas emission.

关键词： climate change mega urban region urban planning

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Tackling climate change and promoting the energy revolution

Xiangwan DU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 338-343 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0535-5

摘要：

Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China’s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable development needs of the country. In this paper, the reasonability of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) is examined and the fact that low-carbon development can lead to modernization is demonstrated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China’s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China’s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China’s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low-carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; specifically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.

关键词： climate change Paris Agreement low-carbon transition energy revolution

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Large Scale Infrastructure Projects: The Art of Project or Change Management?

Geert Letens,Kurt Verweire,Peter De Prins

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 197-202 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016033

摘要： Although it is generally understood that change is a fundamental component of managing projects in the construction industry in general and an inevitable challenge for large scale infrastructure project in particular, there has been little to no attention in the literature to understand change in this context from a more holistic perspective. For this purpose, this work looks at change through the eyes of a framework of six batteries of change that seem essential to charge an organization’s capabilities for change. The framework brings together the expertise of four specialists that all have developed their insights over many years of study and practice, and has been validated through an extensive review of the management literature on organization development and change. Reflections on the application of this model in the construction industry and in large scale infrastructure projects demonstrate that energizing organizations to successfully deal with change goes beyond the traditional techniques of managing change from a program or project management perspective. Assessing the six batteries of change in this context can help organizations to develop capabilities for change that build change energy by balancing formal/rational methods with informal/emotional interventions at both a local (department/subproject) and global (business) level.

关键词： large scale project management organization development and change batteries of change model

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The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1411-9

摘要：

• Actual SAORs was determined using MLVSS and temperature.

关键词： Specific ammonia oxidation rate Sequencing batch reactor Biomass Temperature coefficient Model simulation

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Use of float consumption rate in resource leveling of construction projects

Atilla DAMCI, Gul POLAT, Firat Dogu AKIN, Harun TURKOGLU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 135-147 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0118-0

摘要： The management of resources has been claimed to be as important as scheduling methods. Inefficiency in managing resources may bring about severe delays and cost overruns caused by resource shortages in some cases and/or idle resources in others. Therefore, resources should be utilized efficiently to prevent project failures. Resource leveling is one of the approaches that are used for the management of resources. It aims to minimize fluctuations, peaks, and valleys in resource utilization without changing the completion time of a project and the number of resources required. Although the main principle behind traditional resource leveling is achieving an even flow of resources while the original project duration remains unchanged, the literature supports the need to develop an efficient model that discriminates among the activities that are selected for participation in resource leveling. For this purpose, this study has developed a model that considers the float consumption rates of activities in resource leveling. The float consumption rate is the percentage that is set to determine the maximum amount of float which will be consumed to shift the start time of the activity. The proposed model allows a scheduler to assign float consumption rates to each activity that can be used during the resource leveling procedure. When the required information is inputted, the proposed model automatically changes the required daily resources as it shifts the noncritical activities along their available total float times. The proposed model is expected to minimize the likelihood of severe delays and cost overruns. The model is demonstrated by constructing a network and its resource utilization histograms.

关键词： resource management resource leveling float consumption rate scheduling

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SEQUESTERING ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS THROUGH LAND USE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 210-225 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022474

摘要：

● Either increasing C input to or reducing C release from soils can enhance soil C sequestration.

关键词： agroecosystems climate change negative emissions technology net zero

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Size-controllable synthesis of monodispersed nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres from polydopamine for high-rate

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1788-1800 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2326-8

摘要： Monodispersed nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres with tunable particle size (100–230 nm) were synthesized via self-polymerization of biochemical dopamine in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine as a buffer and F127 as a size controlling agent. Hexamethylenetetramine can mildly release NH_3, which in turn initiates the polymerization reaction of dopamine. The carbon nanospheres obtained exhibited a significant energy storage capability of 265 F·g^–1 at 0.5 A·g^–1 and high-rate performance of 82% in 6 mol·L^–1 KOH (20 A·g^–1), which could be attributed to the presence of abundant micro-mesoporous structure, doped nitrogen functional groups and the small particle size. Moreover, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device displayed a high stability of 94% after 5000 cycles, revealing the considerable potential of carbon nanospheres as electrode materials for energy storage.

关键词： carbon nanospheres size-controlled nitrogen-doped high-rate supercapacitors