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Role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome, aging, and cancer cachexia
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 页码 130-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0555-2
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat. BAT that had been know to exist only in mammals and the human neonate has received great attention for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its important function in energy metabolism, ever since it is recently reported that human adults have functional BAT. In addition, beige adipocytes, brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), have also been shown to take part in whole body metabolism. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that transplantation or activation of BAT or/and beige adipocytes reversed obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, many genes involved in BAT activation and/or the recruitment of beige cells have been found, thereby providing new promising strategies for future clinical application of BAT activation to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances of BAT function in the metabolic aspect and the relationship between BAT and cancer cachexia, a pathological process accompanied with decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure in cancer patients. The underlying possible mechanisms to reduce BAT mass and its activity in the elderly are also discussed.
关键词: brown adipose tissue beige adipocyte anti-obesity anti-diabetes cancer cachexia aging
SUN Mingxiao, WANG Yao, CHI Jiamin
《医学前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期 页码 174-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0032-z
Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 81-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9
Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging population of patients with diabetes mellitus.
New practice in semaglutide on type-2 diabetes and obesity: clinical evidence and expectation
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0873-2
Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China
Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia
《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 页码 624-633 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0669-1
Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man’s sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some non-modifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.
Metabolomics in human type 2 diabetes research
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0248-4
The high prevalence of diabetes and diabetic complications has caused a huge burden on the modern society. Although scientific advances have led to effective strategies for preventing and treating diabetes over the past several decades, little progress has been made toward curing the disease or even getting it under control, from a public health and overall societal standpoint. There is still a lack of reliable biomarkers indicative of metabolic alterations associated with diabetes and different drug responses, highlighting the need for the development of early diagnostic and prognostic markers for diabetes and diabetic complications. The emergence of metabolomics has allowed researchers to systemically measure the small molecule metabolites, which are sensitive to the changes of both environmental and genetic factors and therefore, could be regarded as the link between genotypes and phenotypes. During the last decade, the progression made in metabolomics has provided insightful information on disease development and disease onset prediction. Recent studies using metabolomics approach coupled with statistical tools to predict incident diabetes revealed a number of metabolites that are significantly altered, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, as diagnostic or highly-significant predictors of future diabetes. This review summarizes the current findings of metabolomic studies in human investigations with the most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes.
关键词: metabolomics type 2 diabetes metabolic pathway mass spectrometry nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 页码 110-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0484-5
This study aims to investigate the link between glycated hemoglobin and diabetic complications with chronic periodontitis. A total of 207 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (CP) were divided according to tertiles of mean PISA (periodontal inflamed surface area) scores as low, middle and high PISA groups. Simultaneously a group of 67 periodontally healthy individuals (PH) was recruited. Periodontal examinations, including full-mouth assessment of probing depths (PPD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and plaque scores were determined. Blood analyses were carried out for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post parandial glucose (PPG). Individuals in PH group had significantly better glycemic control than CP group. Upon one-way analysis of variance, subjects with increased PISA had significantly higher HbA1c levels, retinopathy and nephropathy (P<0.05). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), family history of diabetes and periodontitis, duration of diabetes, the mean PISA in mm2, PPD 4--6 mm (%) and PPD≥7 mm (%) emerged as significant predictors for elevated HbA1c in regression model (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that PISA was associated with higher risk of having retinopathy and neuropathy (odds ratio). In our study, the association between glycemic control and diabetic complications with periodontitis was observed.
关键词: type 2 diabetes mellitus hemoglobin A glycated chronic periodontitis
A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期 页码 143-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0238-6
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an idiopathic group of reactive proliferative diseases linked to aberrant immunity, pathologically characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. LCH rarely involves the thymus. We report a case of thymic LCH with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation, without evidence of myasthenia gravis and without evidenced involvement of the skin, liver, spleen, bones, lungs and superficial lymph nodes. This present case may have important clinical implications. In screening for LCH lesions, attention should be attached to rarely involved sites in addition to commonly involved organs. Follow-up and imageological examination are very important to a final diagnosis.
关键词: diabetes insipidus thymus Langerhans cell histiocytosis
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第2期 页码 306-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023488
● Using visual analysis to predict the trend of natural product pest resistance.
关键词: anti-pest activity crop protection insect pest natural product visual analysis
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 126-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0897-7
关键词: type 2 diabetes quality of care macrovascular complication microvascular complication treatment pattern epidemiology
《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 页码 729-746 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0978-2
关键词: hepatocellular carcinoma YAP1 Akkermansia muciniphila anti-PD-1 dihydroartemisinin bile acid
Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies
Pengju Zhang, Tao Li, Xingyun Wu, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang
《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 页码 583-600 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0729-1
关键词: diabetes oxidative stress redox modification antioxidative therapy novel antioxidant delivery
Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期 页码 94-100 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0116-z
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used in clinical trials for severe diabetes, a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow is the traditional source of human MSC, but human term placenta appears to be an alternative and more readily available source. Here, the therapeutic effect of human placenta-derived MSC (PD-MSC) was studied in type 2 diabetes patients with longer duration, islet cell dysfunction, high insulin doses as well as poor glycemic control in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of PD-MSC treatment in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ten patients with T2D received three intravenous infusions of PDSC, with one month interval of infusion. The total number of PDSC for each patient was (1.22–1.51) × 106/kg, with an average of 1.35 × 106/kg. All of the patients were followed up after therapy for at least 3 months. A daily mean dose of insulin used in 10 patients was decreased from 63.7?±?18.7 to 34.7?±?13.4 IU (P<0.01), and the C-peptide level was increased from 4.1?±?3.7 ng/mL to 5.6?±?3.8 ng/mL (P<0.05) respectively after therapy. In 4 of 10 responders their insulin doses reduced more than 50% after infusion. The mean levels of insulin and C-peptide at each time point in a total of 10 patients was higher after treatment (P<0.05). No fever, chills, liver damage and other side effects were reported. The renal function and cardiac function were improved after infusion. The results obtained from this pilot clinical trial indicate that transplantation of PD-MSC represents a simple, safe and effective therapeutic approach for T2D patients with islet cell dysfunction. Further large-scale, randomized and well-controlled clinical studies will be required to substantiate these observations.
Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection
Yu Liao, Yufei Xiang, Zhiguang Zhou
《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期 页码 243-247 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0201-y
关键词: LADA diagnostic criteria autoantibodies insulin independence age of diagnosis
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Modulatory effect on dyslipidemia and anti-atherosclerotic function of in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
SUN Mingxiao, WANG Yao, CHI Jiamin
期刊论文
Association of periodontal disease with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Indian population
null
期刊论文
A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation
null
期刊论文
QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON ANTI-PEST ACTIVITY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS BASED ON VISUALIZATION FRAMEWORK OF KNOWLEDGE
期刊论文
Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai
期刊论文
Dihydroartemisinin increased the abundance of by YAP1 depression that sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to anti-PD
期刊论文
Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies
Pengju Zhang, Tao Li, Xingyun Wu, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang
期刊论文
Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
null
期刊论文
Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection
Yu Liao, Yufei Xiang, Zhiguang Zhou
期刊论文