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LNG-FPSO: Offshore LNG solution

GU Yan, JU Yonglin

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 249-255 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0050-1

摘要: The floating production, storage and offloading system for liquefied natural gas (LNG-FPSO), is a new conceptual unit and an effective and realistic way for exploitation, recovery, storage, transportation and end-use applications of marginal gas fields and offshore associated-gas resources. However, a real LNG-FPSO unit cannot be built unless some breakthroughs in many key technologies are produced. Many unique characteristics of LNG-FPSO, such as restricted space, platform motion, LNG sloshing in inner storage tank and offloading system, which have not been considered in the onshore projects, are the most rigorous factors to be taken into account during design. In this paper, the overall layout of a typical LNG-FPSO unit is reviewed; the leading liquefaction technologies and processes are compared and discussed. Taking the effects of the vessel motion and limited space into account, the applicability of the main systems and key equipments of storage, offloading and power supply, are analyzed.

关键词: associated-gas     LNG-FPSO     transportation     recovery     effective    

Crk-associated substrate, vascular smooth muscle and hypertension

TANG Dale

《医学前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 323-331 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0062-6

摘要: Hypertension is characterized by vascular smooth muscle constriction and vascular remodeling involving cell migration, hypertrophy and growth. Crk-associated substrate (CAS), the first discovered member of the adapter protein CAS family, has been shown to be a critical cellular component that regulates various smooth muscle functions. In this review, the molecular structure and protein interactions of the CAS family members are summarized. Evidence for the role of CAS in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contractility is presented. Contraction stimulation induces CAS phosphorylation on Tyr-410 in arterial smooth muscle, creating the binding site for the Src homology (SH) 2/SH3 protein CrkII, which activates neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP)-mediated actin assembly and force development. The functions of CAS in cell migration, hypertrophy and growth are also summarized. Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl), c-Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), protein tyrosine phosphatase-proline, glutamate, serine and threonine sequence protein (PTP-PEST) and SHP-2 have been documented to coordinate the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CAS. The downstream signaling partners of CAS in the context of cell motility, hypertrophy, survival and growth are also discussed. These new findings establish the important role of CAS in the modulation of vascular smooth muscle functions. Furthermore, the upstream regulators of CAS may be new biologic targets for the development of more effective and specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

关键词: Contraction stimulation     phosphatase-proline     molecular structure     discovered     hypertension    

Fanconi anemia gene-associated germline predisposition in aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 459-466 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0841-x

摘要: Whether Fanconi anemia (FA) heterozygotes are predisposed to bone marrow failure and hematologic neoplasm is a crucial but unsettled issue in cancer prevention and family consulting. We retrospectively analyzed rare possibly significant variations (PSVs) in the five most obligated FA genes, BRCA2, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, and FANCG, in 788 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and hematologic malignancy. Sixty-eight variants were identified in 66 patients (8.38%). FANCA was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 29), followed by BRCA2 (n = 20). Compared with that of the ExAC East Asian dataset, the overall frequency of rare PSVs was higher in our cohort (P = 0.016). BRCA2 PSVs showed higher frequency in acute lymphocytic leukemia (P = 0.038), and FANCA PSVs were significantly enriched in AA and AML subgroups (P = 0.020; P = 0.008). FA-PSV-positive MDS/AML patients had a higher tumor mutation burden, higher rate of cytogenetic abnormalities, less epigenetic regulation, and fewer spliceosome gene mutations than those of FA-PSV-negative MDS/AML patients (P = 0.024, P = 0.029, P = 0.024, and P = 0.013). The overall PSV enrichment in our cohort suggests that heterozygous mutations of FA genes contribute to hematopoietic failure and leukemogenesis.

关键词: Fanconi anemia     aplastic anemia     hematologic malignancy     germline predisposition    

New definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with elevated brachial-ankle pulse

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 714-722 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0888-8

摘要: A new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed. We aim to examine the associations of MAFLD, particularly its discordance from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the progression of elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and albuminuria in a community-based study sample in Shanghai, China. After 4.3 years of follow-up, 778 participants developed elevated baPWV and 499 developed albuminuria. In comparison with the non-MAFLD group, the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MAFLD group for new-onset elevated baPWV was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.55) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.07–1.70) for albuminuria. Participants without NAFLD but diagnosed according to MAFLD definition were associated with higher risk of incident albuminuria (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.07–2.94). Patients with MAFLD with high value of hepamet fibrosis score or poor-controlled diabetes had higher risk of elevated baPWV or albuminuria. In conclusion, MAFLD was associated with new-onset elevated baPWV and albuminuria independently of body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Individuals without NAFLD but diagnosed as MAFLD had high risk of albuminuria, supporting that MAFLD criteria would be practical for the evaluation of long-term risk of subclinical atherosclerosis among fatty liver patients.

关键词: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease     non-alcoholic fatty liver disease     fibrosis score     brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity     albuminuria    

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1361-7

摘要:

• Bacteria could easily and quickly attached onto TEP to form protobiofilms.

关键词: Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)     TEP-protobiofilm     Bacteria attachment     Biofouling of membrane    

Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients undergoing major oncological surgery

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 239-246 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0509-8

摘要:

Patients undergoing major oncological surgery for head and neck cancer (SHNC) have a particularly high risk of nosocomial infections. We aimed to identify risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients undergoing SHNC. The study included 465 patients who underwent SHNC between June 2011 and June 2014. The rate of VAP, risk factors for VAP, and biological aspects of VAP were retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of VAP was 19.6% (n=95) in patients who required more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Staphylococcus (37.7%), Enterobacteriaceae (32.1%), Pseudomonas(20.8%), and Haemophilus (16.9%) were the major bacterial species that caused VAP. The independent risk factors for VAP were advanced age, current smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a higher simplified acute physiology score system II upon admission. Tracheostomy was an independent protective factor for VAP. The median length of stay in the ICU for patients who did or did not develop VAP was 8.0 and 6.5 days, respectively (P=0.006). Mortality among patients who did or did not develop VAP was 16.8% and 8.4%, respectively (P<0.001). The potential economic impact of VAP was high because of the significantly extended duration of ventilation. A predictive regression model was developed with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 69.4%. VAP is common in patients who are undergoing SHNC and who require more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Therefore, innovative preventive measures should be developed and applied in this high-risk population.

关键词: ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)     pneumonia     risk factors     surgery for head and neck cancer (SHNC)    

The effect of orbital radiation therapy on thyroid-associated orbitopathy complicated with dysthyroid

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 359-364 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0528-5

摘要:

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The most serious complication of TAO is dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), which can lead to permanent vision loss because of volume expansion in the orbital apex. Orbital radiation therapy (ORT) is an anti-inflammatory treatment used in the treatment of active TAO. Clinical studies support radiotherapy as having a modest effect on DON, and early radiotherapy may protect against disease progression to DON. Current studies suggest that radiotherapy is generally safe. However, risks still exist in some cases. The possible effects of radiotherapy on TAO, especially complicated with DON, are reviewed. The effects of radiotherapy on DON are not completely known, and evidence from standardized, prospective, and multicenter clinical trials is still lacking.

关键词: thyroid-associated orbitopathy     dysthyroid optic neuropathy     orbital radiation therapy    

Platelet membrane-based and tumor-associated platelet- targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy

Yinlong Zhang, Guangna Liu, Jingyan Wei, Guangjun Nie

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 667-677 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0583-y

摘要: Platelets have long been known to play critical roles in hemostasis by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries. Recent experimental evidence strongly indicates that platelets can also interact with tumor cells by direct binding or secreting cytokines. For example, platelets have been shown to protect circulating cancer cells in blood circulation and to promote tumor metastasis. In-depth understanding of the role of platelets in cancer progression and metastasis provides promising approaches for platelet biomimetic drug delivery systems and functional platelet-targeting strategies for effective cancer treatment. This review highlights recent progresses in platelet membrane-based drug delivery and unique strategies that target tumor-associated platelets for cancer therapy. The paper also discusses future development opportunities and challenges encountered for clinical translation.

关键词: platelet-mimicking delivery systems     tumor-associated platelets     cancer therapy     EPR effect    

Advances on immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Yong Fan, Yan Geng, Lin Shen, Zhuoli Zhang

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 33-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0735-3

摘要: Immunotherapy has recently led to a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, in which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most successful agents approved for multiple advanced malignancies. However, given the nature of the non-specific activation of effector T cells, ICIs are remarkably associated with a substantial risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in almost all organs or systems. Up to 90% of patients who received ICIs combination therapy experienced irAEs, of which majority were low-grade toxicity. Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors usually display distinct features of irAEs. In this review, the mechanisms of action of ICIs and how they may cause irAEs are described. Some unsolved challenges, however really engrossing issues, such as the association between irAEs and cancer treatment response, tumor response to irAEs therapy, and ICIs in challenging populations, are comprehensively summarized.

关键词: cancer     immunotherapy     immune checkpoint inhibitors     immune-related adverse events     review    

Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts: their roles in tumor initiation, progression and clinical applications

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 33-40 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0431-5

摘要:

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and the incidence of this disease has increased in recent years because of changes in diet, living environment, gestational age, and other unknown factors. Previous studies focused on cancer cells, but an increasing number of recent studies have analyzed the contribution of cancer microenvironment to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in tumor stroma, secrete various active biomolecules, including extracellular matrix components, growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and hormones. CAFs not only facilitate the initiation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of cancer but also serve as biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed the literature and summarized the research findings on CAFs in breast cancer.

关键词: cancer-associated fibroblast     breast cancer     progression     prognosis    

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Kai LIU, Fengkui DUAN, Kebin HE, Yongliang MA, Yuan CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 284-292 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0555-7

摘要: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs (mainly in particle phase) are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides (NO ), hydroxyl radical (OH), and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs (particle phase) concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) had the highest percentage of mass loss. Ambient temperature was founded to have influences on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.

关键词: particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)     ozone     denuder     sampling artifacts    

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 158-163 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0042-5

摘要: The regulatory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was investigated. Recombinant plasmid pAAV-S3-bFGF, and pSVneo were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells, then the recombinant AAV genome was replicated and packaged with the helper virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2. The titer of the recombinant rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF was determined by dot-blot assay. MC3T3-E1 cells were infected with rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF. Regulatory effects of Doxycycline (Dox) on bFGF and osteogenic factors were assayed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The physical particle titer of rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF successfully constructed was 1.8×10 vector genomes/mL, and the virus could infect MC3T3-E1 cells effectively. In MC3T3-E1 cells treated with Dox, the expression levels of exogenous bFGF and osteogenic factors declined to varying degrees. It was concluded that rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF could infect MC3T3 cells efficiently, and this recombinant system could be regulated successfully by Dox .

关键词: tetracycline regulatory system     adeno-associated virus     basic fibroblast growth factor     gene regulation    

Impacts of backwashing on micropollutant removal and associated microbial assembly processes in sand

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1634-z

摘要:

● Backwashing in sand filters with 2-h and 4-h EBCTs was simulated.

关键词: Sand filter     Backwashing     Recovery     Micropollutants     Community composition    

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1041-7

摘要: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has triggered a huge impact on healthcare, socioeconomics, and other aspects of the world over the past three years. An increasing number of studies have identified a complex relationship between COVID-19 and stroke, although active measures are being implemented to prevent disease transmission. Severe COVID-19 may be associated with an increased risk of stroke and increase the rates of disability and mortality, posing a serious challenge to acute stroke diagnosis, treatment, and care. This review aims to provide an update on the influence of COVID-19 itself or vaccines on stroke, including arterial stroke (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) and venous stroke (cerebral venous thrombosis). Additionally, the neurovascular mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical characteristics of stroke in the COVID-19 setting are presented. Evidence on vaccinations, potential therapeutic approaches, and effective strategies for stroke management has been highlighted.

关键词: SARS-CoV-2     ischemic stroke     stroke     hemorrhagic stroke     cerebral venous thrombosis     vaccination    

Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 129-138 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017197

摘要: Physiological responses to low temperature were analyzed in a chilling-tolerant centipedegrass ( ) accession, Shao Guan (SG), in comparison to the commercial cultivar, Common. Lower levels of ion leakage and higher chlorophyll (Chl) concentration were observed in SG than in Common during chilling stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, photochemical quenching efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were decreased during chilling stress in both genotypes, with higher levels of these parameters shown by SG than Common. In addition, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and higher concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were observed in SG than in Common. Moreover, higher concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were observed in SG than in Common. Correlation analysis indicated that SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, and AsA and GSH concentrations showed high correlation to Put, while APX, GR, and AsA concentrations were correlated to Spd. Exogenous Put or Spd increased antioxidant enzyme activities and chilling tolerance. The results suggested that polyamine-regulated antioxidants are important for chilling tolerance in centipedegrass and protect plants against chilling induced oxidative damage.

关键词: antioxidants     centipedegrass     chilling     photosynthesis     polyamines    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

LNG-FPSO: Offshore LNG solution

GU Yan, JU Yonglin

期刊论文

Crk-associated substrate, vascular smooth muscle and hypertension

TANG Dale

期刊论文

Fanconi anemia gene-associated germline predisposition in aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies

期刊论文

New definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with elevated brachial-ankle pulse

期刊论文

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

期刊论文

Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients undergoing major oncological surgery

null

期刊论文

The effect of orbital radiation therapy on thyroid-associated orbitopathy complicated with dysthyroid

null

期刊论文

Platelet membrane-based and tumor-associated platelet- targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy

Yinlong Zhang, Guangna Liu, Jingyan Wei, Guangjun Nie

期刊论文

Advances on immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Yong Fan, Yan Geng, Lin Shen, Zhuoli Zhang

期刊论文

Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts: their roles in tumor initiation, progression and clinical applications

null

期刊论文

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Kai LIU, Fengkui DUAN, Kebin HE, Yongliang MA, Yuan CHENG

期刊论文

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

期刊论文

Impacts of backwashing on micropollutant removal and associated microbial assembly processes in sand

期刊论文

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

期刊论文

Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

期刊论文