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固体氧化物燃料电池 8

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积极培育生物燃料产业减少对石油的过度依赖

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第2期页码 4-12

摘要：

分析了我国石油消费的增长趋势、我国和世界的石油供应潜力以及我国减排CO₂面临的巨大压力，提出发展生物燃料是减少经济社会发展对石油的过度依赖和减排CO₂ 的重要战略举措。指出发展生物燃料和生物基材料是生物质利用的最佳途径，综述了世界及我国生物燃料的发展现状，提出了培育我国生物燃料产业的对策。

关键词：生物燃料生物基材料生物质二氧化碳减排石油

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Power sources and electrical recharging strategies for implantable medical devices

WEI Xiaojuan, LIU Jing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 1-13 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0016-3

摘要： Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are critically requested for the survival of patients subject to certain serious diseases such as bradycardia, fibrillation, diabetes, and disability, etc. Appropriate working of an active implantable medical device (IMD) heavily relies on the continuous supply of electricity. In this sense, long-term powering and recharging of an IMD via a highly safe, efficient and convenient way is, therefore, extremely important in clinics. Several conventional batteries, such as lithium cell, nuclear cell and bio-fuel cell, etc., have been developed to power IMDs. Meanwhile, the recharge of IMD from outside of the human body is also under investigation. In this paper, some of the most typical IMD batteries are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared. In addition, several emerging innovations to recharge or directly drive the implanted batteries, including electromagnetic energy transmission, piezoelectric power generation, thermoelectric devices, ultrasonic power motors, radio frequency recharging and optical recharging methods, etc., are also discussed. Some fundamental and practical issues thus involved are summarized, and future prospects in this area are made.

关键词： generation bio-fuel ultrasonic piezoelectric conventional

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生物质热解油的性质精制与利用

朱锡锋,郑冀鲁,郭庆祥,朱清时

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第9期页码 83-88

摘要：

从元素含量、化学成分、稳定性、粘度、热值等方面详细叙述了热解生物油的性质，介绍了生物油的精制和利用技术，其中对近年来出现的生物油热蒸气直接催化精制、利用表面活性剂改良生物油使其直接用于柴油机等新技术给予了特别关注，对催化剂在生物油精制和利用过程中的影响也作了重点叙述。

关键词：生物质生物油燃料特性精制

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新能源近期的发展态势

刘广志

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第7期页码 29-32

摘要：

介绍了国内外新能源的研发现状，指出了新能源的发展前景。

关键词：新能源生物柴油氢能燃料电池

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生物质车用燃料

闵恩泽,谢文华

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第2期页码 13-15

摘要：

回顾分析了国外微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、新一代生物质汽油的新进展和工业化过程面临的挑战及对策。并建议要根据我国生物质原料供应、科研基础，开展国际合作，力争在2015年建成微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、生物质汽油工业示范装置，为以后的大发展奠定基础。

关键词：生物质车用燃料微藻生物柴油秸秆乙醇汽油生物质汽油

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Surgical robotics: A look-back of latest advancement and bio-inspired ways to tackle existing challenges

Yang LIU, Jing LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第4期页码 376-384 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0352-1

摘要：

This article is dedicated to present a review on existing challenges and latest developments in surgical robotics in attempts to overcome the obstacles lying behind. Rather than to perform an exhaustive evaluation, we would emphasize more on the new insight by digesting the emerging bio-inspired surgical technologies with potentials to revolutionize the field. Typical approaches, possible applications, advantages and technical challenges were discussed. Evolutions of surgical robotics and future trends were analyzed. It can be found that, the major difficulties in the field of surgical robots may not be properly addressed by only using conventional approaches. As an alternative, bio-inspired methods or materials may shed light on new innovations. While endeavors to deal with existing strategies still need to be made, attentions should be paid to also borrow ideas from nature.

关键词： minimally invasive surgery surgical robotics haptic feedback miniaturization bio-inspiration bionics

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Bio-based Technologies for Resource Recovery

Aijie Wang, David Stuckey

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1079-y

摘要：

关键词： valign= top class= J_zhaiyao

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Combustion characteristics and kinetics of bio-oil

Ruixia ZHANG, Zhaoping ZHONG, Yaji HUANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 119-124 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0068-x

摘要： The combustion characteristics of bio-oils derived from rice husk and corn were studied by thermogravimetry analysis. According to the thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves of bio-oils in air and nitrogen atmosphere, we analyzed the combustion characteristics of different kinds of bio-oils in different atmospheres and worked out the combustion kinetics parameters of the bio-oil, providing reliable base data for the burning of bio-oil. The thermogravimetry indicated that the combustion process of bio-oil was divided into three stages. At the same time, the combustion process can be described by different order reaction models, and with the method of Coats-Redfern, the activation energy and frequency factor of different kinds of bio-oils were obtained.

关键词： bio-oil combustion characteristics combustion kinetics

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生物柴油技术进展与产业前景

冀星,郗小林,孔林河,李俊峰,李丽

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第9期页码 86-93

摘要：

综述了世界各国生物柴油技术的研究、应用及产业发展状况，分析了生物柴油制备、应用中存在的问题，论述了发展生物柴油产业对我国石油安全、国民经济建设以及对农业产业结构调整的贡献和生物柴油对环境的作用及可能造成的冲击，展望了该产业的发展前景，对该产业的发展提出了建议。

关键词：生物柴油生物柴油制备生物柴油产业

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil blending supercritical upgrading characterisation

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volatile organic sulfur compounds in off-gas mixture from a wastewater treatment plant using a two-stage bio-trickling

Shihao Sun, Tipei Jia, Kaiqi Chen, Yongzhen Peng, Liang Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1148-x

摘要：

A two-stage BTF system was established treating odorous off-gas mixture from a WWTP.

The two-stage BTF system showed resistance for the lifting load of H₂S and VOSC.

Miseq Illumina sequencing showed separated functional microbial community in BTFs.

Avoiding H₂S inhibition and enhancement of VOSC degradation was achieved.

Key control point was discussed to help industrial application of the system.

关键词： Odor Two-stage bio-trickling filter process Bio-trickling filter Hydrogen sulfide Volatile organic sulfur compound

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A review on catalytic & non-catalytic bio-oil upgrading in supercritical fluids

Sainab Omar, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 4-17 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1933-x

摘要： This review article summarizes the key published research on the topic of bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions. The precious metal catalysts Pd, Ru and Pt on various supports are frequently chosen for catalytic bio-oil upgrading in SCFs. This is reportedly due to their favourable catalytic activity during the process including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and esterification, which leads to improvements in liquid yield, heating value, and pH of the upgraded bio-oil. Due to the costs associated with precious metal catalysts, some researchers have opted for non-precious metal catalysts such as acidic HZSM-5 which can promote esterification in supercritical ethanol. On the other hand, SCFs have been effectively used to upgrade crude bio-oil without a catalyst. Supercritical methanol, ethanol, and water are most commonly used and demonstrate catalyst like activities such as facilitating esterification reactions and reducing solid yield by alcoholysis and hydrolysis, respectively.

关键词： bio-oil upgrading supercritical review

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Integration of microbial reductive dehalogenation with persulfate activation and oxidation (Bio-RD-PAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1457-8

摘要：

•Bio-RD-PAO can effectively and extensively remove organohalides.

关键词： Bio-RD-PAO Microbial reductive dehalogenation Persulfate Organohalide respiration Complete attenuation

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Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers derived from bio-based phenolic resins as free-standing electrodes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 504-515 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2260-1

摘要： Phenolic resins were employed to prepare electrospun porous carbon nanofibers with a high specific surface area as free-standing electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. However, the sustainable development of conventional phenolic resin has been challenged by petroleum-based phenol and formaldehyde. Lignin with abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups is the main non-petroleum resource that can provide renewable aromatic compounds. Hence, lignin, phenol, and furfural were used to synthesize bio-based phenolic resins, and the activated carbon nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning and one-step carbonization activation. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the structural and thermal properties. The results reveal that the apparent activation energy of the curing reaction is 89.21 kJ·mol^–1 and the reaction order is 0.78. The activated carbon nanofibers show a uniform diameter, specific surface area up to 1100 m²·g^–1, and total pore volume of 0.62 cm³·g^–1. The electrode demonstrates a specific capacitance of 238 F·g^–1 (0.1 A·g^–1) and good rate capability. The symmetric supercapacitor yields a high energy density of 26.39 W·h·kg^–1 at 100 W·kg^–1 and an excellent capacitance retention of 98% after 10000 cycles. These results confirm that the activated carbon nanofiber from bio-based phenolic resins can be applied as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

关键词： lignin bio-based phenolic resins electrospinning activated carbon nanofibers supercapacitors

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Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 711-716 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0421-z

摘要： Considerable organic matter remains in municipal solid waste landfill leachate after biological treatments. Humic substances (HSs) dominate the organic matter in bio-treated landfill leachate. In this study, the HSs from landfill leachate treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR-HSs) were analyzed via elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and charge polarized magic-angle spinning- C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The characteristic absorption in the UV wavelength range indicated the presence of high C=C and C=O double bonds within the MBR-HSs. Compared with commercial HSs, MBR-HSs had lower carbon content [48.14% for fulvic acids (FA) and 49.52% for humic acids (HA)], higher nitrogen content (4.31% for FA and 6.16% for HA), lower aromatic structure content, and higher carbohydrate and carboxylic atoms of carbon content. FA predominantly had an aliphatic structure, and HA had less condensed or substituted aromatic ring structures than natural HA. The aromatic carbon content of MBR-HSs was lower than that of humus-derived HSs but higher than that of waste-derived HSs, indicating that MBR-HSs appeared to be more similar to humus-derived HSs than waste-derived HA.

关键词： bio-treated landfill leachate humic substances elemental analysis spectroscopic characteristics