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Process safety management considerations for biofuel production

Hao WU, Igor PEÑARRUBIA, Lin CUI, Jinsong ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 357-367 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017025

摘要： The global production of bio-based chemical products, particularly biofuel products, has tremendously increased over the last decade. Driven largely by a new legislation, this increase has generated the commercialization of new products and processes. Unfortunately, alongside these developments were a significant number of accidents and explosions at biofuel facilities, entailing property damage, injury, and even deaths. The aim of this current study is to draw attention to incidents that occurred in biofuel facilities and clarify the misconceptions that cause people to ignore safety in bio-refineries. A process hazard analysis (PHA) method, namely the hazard and operability study (HAZOP), is first used in biofuel production. This method is an ethanol distillation and dehydration process. Through the HAZOP analysis, 36 recommended action items are proposed, and all recommendations are accepted. The case study reveals that potential high-level risks exist in the current biofuel process design and operating procedures, and these risks can be better controlled if they can be previously identified.

关键词： biofuel     HAZOP     PHA     risk management    

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生物燃料替代石油——产业现状与可持续发展

李十中

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第2期   页码 50-56

摘要：

文章分析了用生物燃料替代石油以实现控制全球气候变化、减少石油消耗和环境污染、创造就业机会，实现社会经济的可持续发展的重要性；介绍了国内外生物燃料产业发展历程和趋势，以及在汽车燃料和航空燃料领域的应用现状，提出了我国当前发展生物燃料的战略和对策。

关键词： 生物燃料     替代石油     交通     发展    

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中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

赵立欣,孟海波,姚宗路,田宜水

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第2期   页码 78-82

摘要：

生物质固体成型燃料技术具有易运输和储存、燃烧效率高等特点，是生物质开发利用主要方向之一。国外生物质能固体成型燃料技术及设备已经趋于成熟，形成了整个产业链的成熟技术体系和产业模式。我国已形成了良好的政策法规环境，生物质固体成型燃料产业化关键技术已趋于成熟。但还存在一定的问题，需要加强技术研发。

关键词： 中国     生物质     固体成型     燃料     燃烧    

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Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO

Lijie ZHANG, Kaixuan YANG, Rui ZHAO, Mingfei CHEN, Yaoyao YING, Dong LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 292-306 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0658-3

摘要： This paper investigated the nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of soot generated from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with different CO additions and different temperatures in a quartz tube flow reactor. The morphology and nanostructure of soot samples were characterized by a low and a high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM and HRTEM) and an X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oxidation reactivity of these samples was explored by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Different soot samples were collected in the tail of the tube. With the increase of temperature, the soot showed a smaller mean particle diameter, a longer fringe length, and a lower fringe tortuosity, as well as a higher degree of graphization. However, the variation of soot nanostructures resulting from different CO additions was not linear. Compared with 0%, 50%, and 100% CO additions at one fixed temperature, the soot collected from the 10% CO addition has the highest degree of graphization and crystallization. At three temperatures of 1173 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K, the mean values of fringe length distribution displayed a ranking of 10% CO >100% CO >50% CO while the mean particle diameters showed the same order. Furthermore, the oxidation reactivity of different soot samples decreased in the ranking of 50% CO addition>100% CO addition>10% CO addition, which was equal to the ranking of mean values of fringe tortuosity distribution. The result further confirmed the close relationship between soot nanostructure and oxidation reactivity.

关键词： 2     5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis     soot     CO2 addition     nanostructure     reactivity    

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Mesoporous zeolites for biofuel upgrading and glycerol conversion

Jian Zhang, Liang Wang, Yanyan Ji, Fang Chen, Feng-Shou Xiao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 132-144 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1681-8

摘要： With the recent emphasis and development of sustainable chemistry, the conversion of biomass feedstocks into alternative fuels and fine chemicals over various heterogeneous catalysts has received much attention. In particular, owing to their uniform micropores, strong acidity, and stable and rigid frameworks, zeolites as catalysts or co-catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performances in many reactions, including hydrodesulfurization, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydrodeoxygenation. However, the relatively small sizes of the zeolite micropores strongly limit the conversion of bulky biomolecules. To overcome this issue, mesoporous zeolites with pores larger than those of biomolecules have been synthesized. As expected, these mesoporous zeolites have outperformed conventional zeolites with improved activities, better selectivities, and longer catalyst lives for the upgrading of pyrolysis oils, the transformation of lipids into biofuels, and the conversion of glycerol into acrolein and aromatic compounds. This review briefly summarizes recent works on the rational synthesis of mesoporous zeolites and their superior catalytic properties in biomass conversion.

关键词： biomass conversion     mesoporous zeolite     sustainable chemistry    

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Nitrogen-doped graphene approach to enhance the performance of a membraneless enzymatic biofuel cell

Alireza AHMADIAN YAZDI, Jie XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 233-238 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0529-3

摘要： Heteroatom-doping of pristine graphene is an effective route for tailoring new characteristics in terms of catalytic performance which opens up potentials for new applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene), for instance, has shown excellent performance in many electrochemical systems involving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and more recently glucose oxidation. Owing to the excellent sensitivity of N-graphene, the development of highly sensitive and fast-response enzymatic biosensors is made possible. However, a question that needs to be addressed is whether or not improving the anodic response to glucose detection leads to a higher overall performance of enzymatic biofuel cell (eBFC). Thus, here we first synthesized N-graphene via a catalyst-free single-step thermal process, and made use of it as the biocatalyst support in a membraneless eBFC to identify its role in altering the performance characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that the electron accepting nitrogen sites in the graphene structure enhances the electron transfer efficiency between the mediator (redox polymer), redox active site of the enzymes, and electrode surface. Moreover, the best performance in terms of power output and current density of eBFCs was observed when the bioanode was modified with highly doped N-graphene.

关键词： enzymatic fuel cell     nitrogen-doped graphene     reduced graphene oxide     catalyst-free synthesis    

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High butanol production by regulating carbon, redox and energy in Clostridia? ?

Jianfa Ou,Chao Ma,Ningning Xu,Yinming Du,Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 317-323 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1522-6

摘要： Butanol is a promising biofuel with high energy intensity and can be used as gasoline substitute. It can be produced as a sustainable energy by microorganisms (such as Clostridia) from low-value biomass. However, the low productivity, yield and selectivity in butanol fermentation are still big challenges due to the lack of an efficient butanol-producing host strain. In this article, we systematically review the host cell engineering of Clostridia, focusing on (1) various strategies to rebalance metabolic flux to achieve a high butanol production by regulating the metabolism of carbon, redox or energy, (2) the challenges in pathway manipulation, and (3) the application of proteomics technology to understand the intracellular metabolism. In addition, the process engineering is also briefly described. The objective of this review is to summarize the previous research achievements in the metabolic engineering of and provide guidance for future novel strain construction to effectively produce butanol.

关键词： Clostridia     butanol     biofuel     metabolism     carbon     redox     energy    

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Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels? What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 473-481 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017168

摘要： Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark, Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy (heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector (Brazil, Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues (corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy     biofuel     biomass     renewable energy policy    

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A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 30-34 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0011-x

摘要： Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and A-diesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.

关键词： oxygenated fuel     diesel particulate matter     particle size distribution     biofuel    

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Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Supriyono SUWITO, Giuliano DRAGONE, Hary SULISTYO, Bardi MURACHMAN, Suryo PURWONO, José TEIXEIRA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 210-215 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1282-5

摘要： A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used in order to investigate the individual and combined effects of the ethanol-to-oil ratio, H SO concentration, temperature and time of reaction on the reduction of free fatty acid (FFA) in jatropha oil. A quadratic polynomial model relating the reaction variables with FFA reduction was developed, presenting a good coefficient of determination ( = 0.893). For reducing FFA to less than 1%, the optimal combination was found to be 0.62 v·v ethanol-to-oil ratio (14.9 v·v ethanol-to-FFA ratio), 1.7% v·v H SO concentration, and 79 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 54°C. These results are of great relevance to maximize methyl esters formation by transesterification using an alkaline catalyst.

关键词： biodiesel     biofuel     esterification     free fatty acids     jatropha curcas oil    

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广西木薯茎秆资源的能源利用

陶光灿,谢光辉,Hakan Orberg,熊韶峻

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第2期   页码 107-112

摘要：

文章分析了广西木薯茎秆资源可获得性及燃料性状，进而讨论了开发木薯茎秆资源的可行性及商业价值，证明木薯茎秆是优秀的生物质原材料，具有开发固体成型燃料及热电联产的价值。

关键词： 木薯茎秆     燃料     颗粒     热电联产    

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Functional characterization of caffeic acid

Fengyan WU, Zhenying WU, Aiguo YANG, Shanshan JIANG, Zeng-Yu WANG, Chunxiang FU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 98-107 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017198

摘要： Caffeic acid -methyltransferase (COMT) is a crucial enzyme that mainly methylates phenylpropanoid -hydroxyl of C in the biosynthesis of syringyl lignin in angiosperms. A putative , named as , was isolated from switchgrass ( ), a C warm-season dual-purpose forage and bioenergy crop. Our results showed that recombinant PvCOMT1 enzyme protein catalyzed the methylation of 5-OH coniferyl alcohol, 5-OH coniferaldehyde (CAld5H) and 5-OH ferulic acid. Further studies indicate that CAld5H can dominate COMT-mediated reactions by inhibiting the methylation of the other substrates. Transgenic switchgrass plants generated by an RNAi approach were further employed to study the function of in internode lignification. A dramatic decrease in syringyl lignin units coupled with an obvious incorporation in 5-OH guaiacyl lignin units were observed in the COMT-RNAi transgenic plants. However, the constitutive suppression of COMT in switchgrass plants altered neither the pattern of lignin deposition along the stem nor the anatomical structure of internodes. Consistent with the biochemical characterization of PvCOMT1, a significant decrease in sinapaldehyde was found in the COMT-RNAi transgenic switchgrass plants, suggesting that CAld5H could be the optimal intermediate in the biosynthesis syringyl lignin.

关键词： biofuel crop     caffeic acid O-methyltransferase     forage     lignin     Panicum virgatum     switchgrass     transgenic plant    

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Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect utilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0200-3

摘要： With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, aircraft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid (HPG), human-powered charger (HPC) and human-powered storage (HPS), among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

关键词： human energy harvesting     human-powered transportation     human-powered home appliances     human-powered grid (HPG)     human-powered charger (HPC)     human-powered storage (HPS)     biofuel    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Process safety management considerations for biofuel production

Hao WU, Igor PEÑARRUBIA, Lin CUI, Jinsong ZHAO

期刊论文

生物燃料替代石油——产业现状与可持续发展

李十中

期刊论文

中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

赵立欣,孟海波,姚宗路,田宜水

期刊论文

Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO

Lijie ZHANG, Kaixuan YANG, Rui ZHAO, Mingfei CHEN, Yaoyao YING, Dong LIU

期刊论文

Mesoporous zeolites for biofuel upgrading and glycerol conversion

Jian Zhang, Liang Wang, Yanyan Ji, Fang Chen, Feng-Shou Xiao

期刊论文

Nitrogen-doped graphene approach to enhance the performance of a membraneless enzymatic biofuel cell

Alireza AHMADIAN YAZDI, Jie XU

期刊论文

High butanol production by regulating carbon, redox and energy in Clostridia? ?

Jianfa Ou,Chao Ma,Ningning Xu,Yinming Du,Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu

期刊论文

Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels? What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

期刊论文

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

期刊论文

Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Supriyono SUWITO, Giuliano DRAGONE, Hary SULISTYO, Bardi MURACHMAN, Suryo PURWONO, José TEIXEIRA

期刊论文

广西木薯茎秆资源的能源利用

陶光灿,谢光辉,Hakan Orberg,熊韶峻

期刊论文

Functional characterization of caffeic acid

Fengyan WU, Zhenying WU, Aiguo YANG, Shanshan JIANG, Zeng-Yu WANG, Chunxiang FU

期刊论文

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect utilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

期刊论文