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Value of waist circumference, body mass index and hyperinsulinaemia in identifying metabolic syndrome

TIAN Hui, FANG Fusheng, SHAO Yinghong, LI Chunlin, LI Jian, YAN Shuangtong, ZHONG Wenwen, LI Yanyan, SUN Jingfang, CAO Xiutang, PAN Changyu, LU Juming, DOU Jingtao, MA Fangling, ZHOU Xiaoman

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 400-405 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0077-z

摘要： To investigate the significance of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and hyperinsulinaemia A (HIns) in evaluating metabolic syndrome (MS). Clinical data from middle-aged and senile individuals (middle-senile group) who received glucose tolerance test after diabetes mellitus screening and a group of subjects who received annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes mellitus screening (adult group) were collected. Data were collected by use of special messengers, input into a computer data base and analyzed using SAS 5.0 software by expert staff. Abnormal WC and BMI were determined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria. HIns was ascertained if fasting insulin (FIns) ≥ 15 mU/L, and/or 2-hour insulin after a glucose challenge was (2hPIns) ≥ 80 mU/L. Abnormalities in WC, BMI and HIns were all found to be risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension and dyslipidemia. In the middle-senile group, the abnormality rate of WC and HIns as well as the overall insulin level were significantly higher than those in the adult group. The abnormality rate of BMI was higher in the adult group, and HIns was mostly seen in impaired glucose test (IGT) and normal glucose test (NGT). The concordance rate of WC and BMI diagnostic criteria for evaluating obesity in the middle-senile and adult groups were 77.5% and 74.3%, respectively. When only the WC criterion was used for evaluating the existence of insulin resistance, there was a 28.2% missed diagnosis rate for MS patients. WC, BMI and HIns were all risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension and dyslipidemia. There was differing prevalence in the different populations. The combination of WC, BMI and HIns might be more helpful in identifying MS at early stage.

关键词： mU/L     prevalence     Abnormal     dyslipidemia     computer    

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Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8

摘要：

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.

关键词： obesity     genetics     genome-wide association studies     body mass index     fat mass- and obesity-associated gene    

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Early-life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns, and risk of low-energy fracture

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1023-9

摘要： Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis, but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown. This study included 5323 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥40 years from China. Early-life famine exposure was identified based on the participants’ birth dates. General obesity was assessed using the body mass index (BMI), and abdominal obesity was evaluated with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Low-energy fracture was defined as fracture occurring after the age of 40 typically caused by falls from standing height or lower. Compared to the nonexposed group, the group with fetal, childhood, and adolescence famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of fracture in women with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 3.55 (1.57–8.05), 3.90 (1.57–9.71), and 3.53 (1.05–11.88), respectively, but not in men. Significant interactions were observed between fetal famine exposure and general obesity with fracture among women (P for interaction = 0.0008). Furthermore, compared with the groups with normal BMI and WHR, the group of women who underwent fetal famine exposure and had both general and abdominal obesity had the highest risk of fracture (OR, 95% CI: 3.32, 1.17–9.40). These results indicate that early-life famine exposure interacts with adulthood general obesity and significantly increases the risk of low-energy fracture later in life in women.

关键词： famine     obesity     body mass index     waist-to-hip ratio     low-energy fracture    

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基于就医人群的中国多囊卵巢综合征女性的临床表型和治疗结局—— 身体质量指数与地理分布的影响 Article

高敬书, 马红丽, 王宇, 杨新鸣, 曹义娟, 张蓓, 韩丛辉, 吴效科

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第2期   页码 170-177 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.006

摘要：

遗传因素、生活方式和环境因素与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的发生相关。身体质量指数（BMI）的增加会加剧生殖及代谢障碍，降低PCOS女性的生育能力。本文对在中国大陆21个研究中心开展的一项大样本、多中心、随机对照试验进行二次分析。共有1000名PCOS女性参加本试验。其中，998名PCOS女性被纳入分析。BMI增加与月经失调加剧、高睾酮水平、高代谢综合征患病率以及生活质量降低相关。BMI正常组、超重组和肥胖组的女性人均排卵率分别为83.0%、78.2%和63.6%（P < 0.001），活产率分别为23.6%、18.1%和15.3%（P = 0.030）。与中国南方的PCOS患者相比，北方的PCOS患者生殖结局较差，血糖和血脂代谢不良，运动量少，以及总排卵率更低（81.2% vs 74.8%，绝对差：6.4%，95%置信区间：1.2%~11.5%）。结果显示，中国南北方的汉族PCOS女性具有典型的表型特征。与生活在中国南方的女性相比，在同样的干预措施下，中国北方的女性BMI更高，糖脂代谢障碍更严重，临床结局更差。表型特征及排卵的差异可以通过BMI差异加以解释。

关键词： 多囊卵巢综合征     体重指数     表型     中国队列     地理分布    

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Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 707-716 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0660-x

摘要：

Understanding obesity in children is crucial because it can lead to adulthood obesity and result in fatal chronic diseases. Distinctive factors associated with obesity in adults have been described, but distinctive factors related to children remain unclear. We analyzed the correlation between the percentage of body mass index and lifestyle habits by conducting surveys on physical, nutritional, and psychological factors, and we used annual physical examination data to compare different traits among elementary school students (n = 197) and middle school students (n = 461). Our study revealed that the computing hours in elementary school students with overweight and obesity were significantly correlated with the percentage of body mass index (r = 0.29 on school days and r = 0.35 on days off, all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found (all P>0.05) in the computing hours of middle school students with overweight and obesity. Childhood obesity can cause depression and reduce children’s quality of life because of their distorted body perception. In conclusion, physical factors directly affecting childhood obesity and psychological and environmental factors surrounding a child should be considered.

关键词： screen time     quality of life     eating habits     childhood obesity     percentage of body mass index    

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Plasma transthyretin is a nutritional biomarker in human morbidities

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 540-550 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0940-3

摘要： Transthyretin (TTR) is a small liver-secreted plasma protein that shows close correlations with changes in lean body mass (LBM) during the entire human lifespan and agglomerates the bulk of nitrogen (N)-containing substrates, hence constituting the cornerstone of body building. Amino acids (AAs) dietary restriction causes inhibition of TTR production and impairs the accretion of LBM reserves. Inflammatory disorders result in cytokine-induced abrogation of TTR synthesis and urinary leakage of nitrogenous catabolites. Taken together, the data indicate that malnutrition and inflammation may similarly suppress the production of TTR through distinct and unrelated pathophysiological mechanisms while operating in concert to downsize LBM stores. The hepatic synthesis of TTR integrates both machineries, acting as a marker of reduced LBM resources still available for defense and repair processes. TTR operates as a universal surrogate analyte that allows for the grading of residual LBM capacity to reflect disease burden. Measurement of TTR is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive micro-method that may be reproduced on a daily basis, hence ideally suited for the follow-up of the most intricated clinical situations and as a reliable predictor of any morbidity outcome.

关键词： lean body mass     nutritional status     transthyretin     malnutrition     inflammation     amyloidosis    

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Prevention and treatment of pancreatic fistula after pancreatic body and tail resection: current status

Li Jiang, Deng Ning, Xiaoping Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 251-261 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0727-3

摘要： Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common and critical complication after pancreatic body and tail resection. How to effectively reduce the occurrence of pancreatic fistula and conduct timely treatment thereafter is an urgent clinical issue to be solved. Recent research standardized the definition of pancreatic fistula and stressed the correlation between POPF classification and patient prognosis. According to the literature, identification of the risk factors for pancreatic fistula contributed to lowering the rate of the complication. Appropriate management of the pancreatic stump and perioperative treatment are of great significance to reduce the rate of POPF in clinical practice. After the occurrence of POPF, the treatment of choice should be determined according to the classification of the pancreatic fistula. However, despite the progress and promising treatment approaches, POPF remains to be a clinical issue that warrants further studies in the future.

关键词： pancreatic fistula     pancreatic body and tail resection     distal pancreatectomy    

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Laboratory experiment on using non-floating body to generate electrical energy from water waves

Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK, Srinivasan CHANDRASEKARAN, Karuppan SIVAKUMAR, Harender SINHMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 361-365 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0210-1

摘要： This paper describes an innovative method of using a non-buoyant body to harness ocean waves. All the point absorbers are buoyant in nature and move up due to buoyancy and come down because of gravity. The point absorbers are designed to move along the waves to make the device efficient. These devices face excessive stress during the rough weather on account of the extreme motion of waves and cause the total device failure. The present study shows that using a non-buoyant body for conventional point absorber principle is much efficient and safer than any other device proposed till today. A small scale wave energy converter with non-buoyant body was designed, fabricated and tested in small scale wave maker. An electrical generator was coupled with the device to generate electrical energy from harnessed waves. The generator was electrically loaded and the generated power was measured. It was found from the experiments that the proposed device showed a significant improvement in electricity generation and safety during extreme conditions. In addition to the electricity generation, the characteristics of the device were also studied by using various wave and device parameters.

关键词： ocean wave energy     point absorbers     heaving body     non-floating object     heave response ratio     electrical energy generation    

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Lightweight design of an electric bus body structure with analytical target cascading

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0718-y

摘要： Lightweight designs of new-energy vehicles can reduce energy consumption, thereby improving driving mileage. In this study, a lightweight design of a newly developed multi-material electric bus body structure is examined in combination with analytical target cascading (ATC). By proposing an ATC-based two-level optimization strategy, the original lightweight design problem is decomposed into the system level and three subsystem levels. The system-level optimization model is related to mass minimization with all the structural modal frequency constraints, while each subsystem-level optimization model is related to the sub-structural performance objective with sub-structure mass constraints. To enhance the interaction between two-level systems, each subsystem-level objective is reformulated as a penalty-based function coordinated with the system-level objective. To guarantee the accuracy of the model-based analysis, a finite element model is validated through experimental modal test. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to address the defined optimization problem for effective convergence. Compared with the initial design, the total mass is reduced by 49 kg, and the torsional stiffness is increased by 17.5%. In addition, the obtained design is also validated through strength analysis.

关键词： electric vehicle     body in white (BIW)     lightweight     analytical target cascading (ATC)    

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物理光学的若干进展

黄志洵

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第2期   页码 18-29

摘要：

就物理光学方面的一系列理论和实验研究，如Goos-Hänchen位移、FTIR现象、负折射率、太赫超光速实验、光子静质量测量等做了评述和讨论。指出近年来的研究显示了消失波现象的重要性，例如消失波可造成超光速传播，且常有新方法和新测量结果；介绍了物理光学在相关领域的技术创新和应用实例；讨论了光子有静止质量的可能性及光频标准和光频测量的历史和新的进展。

关键词： 物理光学     负波速     负折射率     GH位移     消失波     光子静质量    

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Yesterday, Today and Future of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

Hiral Shah,Walter Nowocin

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 60-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015009

摘要： Young engineers are often promoted to leadership roles such as a team leader or a manager within 3 to 6 years of graduating from an undergraduate degree in a technical area. To be competent and successful in their leadership role engineers need to update their engineering management knowledge and learn new skills. The purpose of engineering management body of knowledge (EMBOK) is to delineate the knowledge, skills, and competency areas that are applicable to the engineering management discipline. It basically answers the question, “What does it take to be an effective engineering manager?” The EMBOK is based on a validated study and can be used for curriculum development, certification exams, and professional development programs. This paper describes the 11 domains that are included in the EMBOK and discuss the future publication of the EMBOK Guide. American Society for Engineering Management (ASEM) offers two certification exams based on the EMBOK, Associate Engineering Manager (AEM) and Professional Engineering Manager (PEM).These certification exams can help an individual in the engineering management profession to show that they have kept up in the field and possess the necessary skills and competency to practice in the discipline. A detailed description of this certification program is included in this paper. The future of EMBOK and the certification program is also discussed.

关键词： body of knowledge     engineering management     certification exam     engineering manager     competency areas    

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创建新医学的思考

马蔼乃,赵少奎

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第10期   页码 19-23

摘要：

西医以实证科学为基础，以分解、还原为主要方法，分工越来越精细，获得了许多医学上的成就，也治愈了许多疾病，但是强调治病，对人的因素重视不够，在维护整个人体健康方面遇到了某些困惑。 中医把人看成“天、地、人”三位一体的整体，从辨证恒动的观点出发，以实践为基础，实施综合、整体治疗，也获得许多医学上的成就，治愈了许多疾病，但是主要凭感觉，取象比类等方法诊治病人，缺乏实证科学的基础。 半个多世纪以来，提倡中西医结合，有一定成效。在钱学森系统科学思想的指导下，依照“突破还原论，发展整体论，达到两者辩证统一的系统论”的哲学理念，提出了中西医的结合点——人体生态系统。人体生态系统是以人体系统为中心与人体之外的环境构成一个整体的复杂系统，针对“人”是一个开放的复杂巨系统，运用综合集成创新的思路，提出了创建新医学——人体生态医学的构想。

关键词： 复杂性科学     开放的复杂巨系统     人体生态系统     人体信息系统     人体生态医学    

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Sodium butyrate activates HMGCS2 to promote ketone body production through SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 339-351 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0943-0

摘要： Ketone bodies have beneficial metabolic activities, and the induction of plasma ketone bodies is a health promotion strategy. Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) is an effective approach in the induction of plasma ketone bodies. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this study, SB was found to enhance the catalytic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting enzyme in ketogenesis, to promote ketone body production in hepatocytes. SB administrated by gavage or intraperitoneal injection significantly induced blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in mice. BHB production was induced in the primary hepatocytes by SB. Protein succinylation was altered by SB in the liver tissues with down-regulation in 58 proteins and up-regulation in 26 proteins in the proteomics analysis. However, the alteration was mostly observed in mitochondrial proteins with 41% down- and 65% up-regulation, respectively. Succinylation status of HMGCS2 protein was altered by a reduction at two sites (K221 and K358) without a change in the protein level. The SB effect was significantly reduced by a SIRT5 inhibitor and in Sirt5-KO mice. The data suggests that SB activated HMGCS2 through SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation for ketone body production by the liver. The effect was not associated with an elevation in NAD+/NADH ratio according to our metabolomics analysis. The data provide a novel molecular mechanism for SB activity in the induction of ketone body production.

关键词： sodium butyrate     succinylation     HMGCS2     ketogenesis     SIRT5    

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Water quality monitoring in a slightly-polluted inland water body through remote sensing - Case study

HE Weiqi, LIU Xuehua, CHEN Jining, CHEN Shan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 163-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0027-7

摘要： This study focused on the water quality of the Guanting Reservoir, a possible auxiliary drinking water source for Beijing. Through a remote sensing (RS) approach and using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data, water quality retrieval models were established and analyzed for eight common water quality variables, including algae content, turbidity, and concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus. The results show that there exists a statistically significant correlation between each water quality variable and remote sensing data in a slightly-polluted inland water body with fairly weak spectral radiation. With an appropriate method of sampling pixel digital numbers and multiple regression algorithms, retrieval of the algae content, turbidity, and nitrate nitrogen concentration was achieved within 10% mean relative error, concentrations of total nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus within 20%, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus within 30%. On the other hand, no effective retrieval method for chemical oxygen demand was found. These accuracies were acceptable for the practical application of routine monitoring and early warning on water quality safety with the support of precise traditional monitoring. The results show that performing the most traditional routine monitoring of water quality by RS in relatively clean inland water bodies is possible and effective.
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Numerical simulation of multi-body floating piers to investigate pontoon stability

Mostafa Shahrabi, Khosrow Bargi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 325-331 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0209-7

摘要： The objective of this study is to develop a procedure to analyze the motions of a floating pier comprised of several pontoons that are modeled as rigid bodies and connected to each other by flexible and rigid connectors. Recently, the use offloating piers has increased because of their advantages, such as faster and higher-quality construction, seismic force isolation for a full-scale mooring system, low dependence on local soil conditions and tides, ability to relocate or reconfigure the pier modules during the operation period and 75-100 years of repair-free service. A floating pier consists of a pier, access bridge, mooring system and fender system, each of which comes in many variations to suit different usages and construction considerations. The typical loads used in the design of these piers are dead loads, live loads, mooring loads, fender loads and environmental loads induced by wind, currents and waves. For numerical simulation, three types of piers are used: passenger piers, light-cargo piers and semi-heavy-cargo piers. The selected piers consist of several large pontoons joined by pivots and have a pile-based mooring system. These piers are modeled by SAP2000software as two-dimensional frames that are linked together. As the first step, each type of pier is subjected to loading, and its general behavior is assessed. According to this behavior, the major load combinations are described for the design of piers and analyzed to determine the behavior of the modules. Lastly, according to the analysis results and the safe use and stability considerations, such as the maximum draft and longitudinal gradient, the dimensions of each module in each pier type are presented.

关键词： coastal structures     numerical simulation     floating pier     rigid pontoons     stability    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Value of waist circumference, body mass index and hyperinsulinaemia in identifying metabolic syndrome

TIAN Hui, FANG Fusheng, SHAO Yinghong, LI Chunlin, LI Jian, YAN Shuangtong, ZHONG Wenwen, LI Yanyan, SUN Jingfang, CAO Xiutang, PAN Changyu, LU Juming, DOU Jingtao, MA Fangling, ZHOU Xiaoman

期刊论文

Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

null

期刊论文

Early-life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns, and risk of low-energy fracture

期刊论文

基于就医人群的中国多囊卵巢综合征女性的临床表型和治疗结局—— 身体质量指数与地理分布的影响

高敬书, 马红丽, 王宇, 杨新鸣, 曹义娟, 张蓓, 韩丛辉, 吴效科

期刊论文

Analyzing the distinguishing factors that affect childhood obesity in South Korea

So Jung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon

期刊论文

Plasma transthyretin is a nutritional biomarker in human morbidities

期刊论文

Prevention and treatment of pancreatic fistula after pancreatic body and tail resection: current status

Li Jiang, Deng Ning, Xiaoping Chen

期刊论文

Laboratory experiment on using non-floating body to generate electrical energy from water waves

Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK, Srinivasan CHANDRASEKARAN, Karuppan SIVAKUMAR, Harender SINHMAR

期刊论文

Lightweight design of an electric bus body structure with analytical target cascading

期刊论文

物理光学的若干进展

黄志洵

期刊论文

Yesterday, Today and Future of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

Hiral Shah,Walter Nowocin

期刊论文

创建新医学的思考

马蔼乃,赵少奎

期刊论文

Sodium butyrate activates HMGCS2 to promote ketone body production through SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation

期刊论文

Water quality monitoring in a slightly-polluted inland water body through remote sensing - Case study

HE Weiqi, LIU Xuehua, CHEN Jining, CHEN Shan

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of multi-body floating piers to investigate pontoon stability

Mostafa Shahrabi, Khosrow Bargi

期刊论文