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Comments on this special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding

Zhonghu HE, Xu LLU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 309-309 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019264

Highlights of special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding

Zhonghu HE, Zhendong ZHAO, Shunhe CHENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 207-209 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019263

Genomics and genetic breeding in aquatic animals: progress and prospects

Wenteng XU, Songlin CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 305-318 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017154

摘要: Genomics focuses on dissection of genome structure and function to provide a molecular basis for understanding the genetic background. In a pivotal step, the expense of whole genome sequencing has been largely eliminated by the rapid updating of sequencing technology, leading to increasing numbers of decoded genomes of aquatic organisms, driving the aquaculture industry into the genomic era. Multiple aquatic areas have been influenced by these findings, such as accelerated generation shift in the seed industry and the process of breeding improved lines. In this article, we have summarized the latest domestic and international progress of aquatic animals in nine aspects, including WGS and fine mapping, construction of high density genetic/physical maps, trait-related marker/genes screening, as well as sex control, genome editing, and other molecular breeding technologies. Finally, the existing problems in this field have been discussed and five future counter measures have been proposed accordingly.

关键词: aquaculture     genomics     genetic breeding     progress    

Wheat research and breeding in the new era of a high-quality reference genome

Rudi APPELS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 225-232 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019265

摘要:

The publications of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) released in August 2018 are reviewed and placed into the context of developments arising from the availability of the high-quality wheat genome assembly.

关键词: assembly technology     molecular markers     polyploidy     transcript networks     wheat genome    

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278

摘要:

Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.

关键词: maize     phosphorus use efficiency     quantitative trait loci     genetic study     molecular breeding     genomic selection    

水产育种生物技术发展战略研究

陈松林,徐文腾,卢昇,胡炜,王德寿,胡晓丽,周茜,刘清华,赵紫霞,覃钦博,王师,刘洋,崔忠凯

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第4期   页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.023

摘要: Evaluation of the 2b-RAD method for genomic selection in scallop breeding [J]‍.Marker-assisted breeding of a lymphocystis disease-resistant Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceusEvaluation of the 2b-RAD method for genomic selection in scallop breeding [J]‍.Prediction of genomic breeding values based on pre‑selected SNPs using ssGBLUP, WssGBLUP and BayesB forGraph pangenome captures missing heritability and empowers tomato breeding [J]‍.

关键词: 生物技术;水产育种技术;传统育种技术;分子育种技术;智能育种技术    

油菜转基因育种研究进展

官春云

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第8期   页码 34-39

摘要:

简要介绍了国外油菜转基因育种情况,包括转除草剂抗性基因,病原菌抗性基因,耐重金属基因, 影响种子贮藏产物基因,影响繁殖特性基因,医药和工业产品基因,以及启动子调节基因等。较详细介绍了湖 南农业大学在Bt毒蛋白基因转化甘蓝型油菜育成抗虫新品系、基因工程雄性不育系、恢复系选育和杂种优势利 用,以及反义FAD2基因转化甘蓝型油菜双低品种提高油酸含量的研究结果;浙江省农科院利用反义PEP基因 转化甘蓝型油菜提高种子含油量的研究结果。

关键词: 油菜     转基因     育种    

Breeding for the resistance to

Hongxiang MA, Xu ZHANG, Jinbao YAO, Shunhe CHENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 251-264 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019262

摘要:

With the changes of climate and cultivation systems, the head blight (FHB) epidemic area in China has extended since 2000 from the reaches of the Yangtze River to the north and west winter wheat region. Breeding for FHB resistance in wheat is an effective way to control the disease. Chinese wheat breeders commenced research on FHB in the 1950s. Sumai 3, Ning 7840, Yangmai 158, Ningmai 9 and other cultivars with improved FHB resistance were developed through standard breeding methods and widely applied in production or breeding programs. In addition to intervarietal crosses, alien germplasm was used to improve FHB resistance of wheat. Addition, substitution and translocation lines with alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments were created to enhance FHB resistance. Somaclonal variation was also used to develop a FHB resistant cv. Shengxuan 3 and other cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB were released by such methods. QTL (quantitative trait loci) for FHB resistance were characterized in cultivars originating from China. The major QTL, , was identified on chromosome 3BS in Sumai 3, Ning 894037, Wangshuibai and other Chinese resistant sources. Diagnostic molecular markers for 1 have been applied in wheat breeding and breeding lines with improved FHB resistance and desirable agronomic traits have been obtained. However, breeding for FHB resistance is a long-term task, new technologies are likely to increase the efficiency of this process and better FHB resistance of new cultivars is expected to be achieved within the next decade.

关键词: breeding     Fusarium head blight     wheat    

痩肉猪育种的发展及展望

熊远著

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第9期   页码 42-46

摘要:

文章对世界的猪育种过程特别是中国的瘦肉猪育种,从猪种资源调査到优良猪种引进与新品种选育,专门化品系选育与配套利用,种猪测定等方面进行了回顾,就分子生物技术在猪遗传育种中的应用及取得的成果作了简要概述。展望了21世纪瘦肉猪育种的目标,并就新品种培育、猪种资源保存、完善种猪测定体系和加速分子生物技术在猪育种中的应用提出了建议。

关键词:     瘦肉型     育种    

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 277-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015081

摘要: Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions. This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China, focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies, construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.

关键词: super hybrid rice     breeding strategies     yield potential    

Livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

Chris PROUDFOOT, Gus MCFARLANE, Bruce WHITELAW, Simon LILLICO

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 129-135 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019304

摘要:

In recent years there has been a veritable explosion in the use of genome editors to create site-specific changes, both and , to the genomes of a multitude of species for both basic research and biotechnology. Livestock, which form a vital component of most societies, are no exception. While selective breeding has been hugely successful at enhancing some production traits, the rate of progress is often slow and is limited to variants that exist within the breeding population. Genome editing provides the potential to move traits between breeds, in a single generation, with no impact on existing productivity or to develop phenotypes that tackle intractable issues such as disease. As such, genome editors provide huge potential for ongoing livestock development programs in light of increased demand and disease challenge. This review will highlight some of the more notable agricultural applications of this technology in livestock.

关键词: cattle     pig     sheep     chicken     aquaculture     CRISPR    

水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 26-30

摘要:

发现水稻节间伸长的eui新基因及其高秆隐性种质的多型性,育成长穗颈的雄性不育系,组配成e(eui)-杂交稻,并已进入生产应用。e-杂交稻研究和发展的目标是:减少杂交稻种子生产中50%~90%的赤霉素用量,并提高种子产量和质量;杂交稻增产,同时减少杂交稻种植的氮肥用量。已克隆分离出EUI1,EUI2基因,并获得该突变基因碱基缺失多样性的材料,将为植物生长发育,GA代谢激素与杂种优势,以及基因突变的分子机理和植物基因工程的研究提供材料和机遇。

关键词: 水稻     eui     e-杂交稻     遗传评价     育种    

基于食物消费变化的种养供需预测及结构调整路径研究

上官彩霞,路燕,景丽,杜涛,孙建军,张新友

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第4期   页码 128-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.004

摘要: His major research fields include plant genetic breeding, food security.

关键词: 食物消费变化;种养供需预测;种养结构调整;粮食安全    

Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 5-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017131

摘要: This review charts the major developments in the genetic manipulation of plant cells that have taken place since the first gene transfer experiments using Ti plasmids in 1983. Tremendous progress has been made in both our scientific understanding and technological capabilities since the first genetically modified (GM) crops were developed with single gene resistances to herbicides, insects, viruses, and the silencing of unde-sirable genes. Despite opposition in some parts of the world, the area planted with first generation GM crops has grown from 1.7 Mhm in 1996 to 179.7 Mhm hectares in 2015. The toolkit available for genetic modification has expanded greatly since 1996 and recently Nobel Laureates have called on Greenpeace to end their blanket opposition, and plant scientists have urged that consideration be given to the benefits of GM crops based on actual evidence. It is now possible to use GM to breed new crop cultivars resistant to a much wider range of pests and diseases, and to produce crops better able to adapt to climate change. The advent of new CRISPR-based technologies makes it possible to contemplate a much wider range of improvements based on transfer of new metabolic pathways and traits to improve nutritional quality, with a much greater degree of precision. Use of GM, sometimes in conjunction with other approaches, offers great opportunities for improving food quality, safety, and security in a changing world.

关键词: plant transformation     transgene     genetic modification    

Mutagenesis and selective breeding of a high producing

Tian WANG, Shiru JIA, Zhilei TAN, Yujie DAI, Shuai SONG, Guoliang WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 179-183 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1273-6

摘要: -Poly- -lysine ( -PL) is an -lysine linear homopolymer, which is produced by bacteria belonging to the family and by ergot fungi. However, the production of -PL by the wild bacteria strain is very low, which limits its utilization. In most bacteria including the genus, -lysine is a precursor of -PL and is biosynthesized by the -aspartate pathway. Aspartokinase (Ask) is the first key enzyme in this pathway and is subject to complex regulation such as the feedback inhibition by the end product amino acids. In addition, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is feedback-regulated by -aspartate. To reduce these feedback inhibitions and to improve -PL productivity, resistant mutants were produced using sulfaguanidine (SG) + glycine+ -lysine+ -3-hydroxynorvaline (AHV) as selective markers. Using the interaction between -PL and the charged dye in the solid culture medium, hundreds of colonies were simultaneously screened in a quick and effective manner. Finally, one -PL-producing strain, L9, was selected. The productivity of this strain during flask fermentation was 0.77 g/L, which was 15% higher than that of the original strain. Moreover, its fermentation performance and genetic characteristics were very stable.

关键词: ?-poly-L-lysine     plasma     AHV     Streptomyces diastatochromogenes     fermentation    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comments on this special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding

Zhonghu HE, Xu LLU

期刊论文

Highlights of special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding

Zhonghu HE, Zhendong ZHAO, Shunhe CHENG

期刊论文

Genomics and genetic breeding in aquatic animals: progress and prospects

Wenteng XU, Songlin CHEN

期刊论文

Wheat research and breeding in the new era of a high-quality reference genome

Rudi APPELS

期刊论文

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

期刊论文

水产育种生物技术发展战略研究

陈松林,徐文腾,卢昇,胡炜,王德寿,胡晓丽,周茜,刘清华,赵紫霞,覃钦博,王师,刘洋,崔忠凯

期刊论文

油菜转基因育种研究进展

官春云

期刊论文

Breeding for the resistance to

Hongxiang MA, Xu ZHANG, Jinbao YAO, Shunhe CHENG

期刊论文

痩肉猪育种的发展及展望

熊远著

期刊论文

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

期刊论文

Livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

Chris PROUDFOOT, Gus MCFARLANE, Bruce WHITELAW, Simon LILLICO

期刊论文

水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

期刊论文

基于食物消费变化的种养供需预测及结构调整路径研究

上官彩霞,路燕,景丽,杜涛,孙建军,张新友

期刊论文

Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

期刊论文

Mutagenesis and selective breeding of a high producing

Tian WANG, Shiru JIA, Zhilei TAN, Yujie DAI, Shuai SONG, Guoliang WANG

期刊论文