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Climate change and China’s mega urban regions

Chaolin GU, Sunsheng HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 418-430 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5

摘要: China’s mega urban regions are focal points of economic development and environmental concerns. This paper positions four mega urban regions (i.e., the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Bohai Bay Area, and the South-eastern Fujian Province) along China’s coast into the national economy and elaborates their development challenges and planning innovations. Mega urban regions in China are spatial consequences of rapid economic transition. They deserve close scrutiny and demands for innovative planning responses in order to maintain their key role in driving economic growth but limiting their greenhouse gas emission.

关键词: climate change     mega urban region     urban planning    

Tackling climate change and promoting the energy revolution

Xiangwan DU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 338-343 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0535-5

摘要:

Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China’s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable development needs of the country. In this paper, the reasonability of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) is examined and the fact that low-carbon development can lead to modernization is demonstrated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China’s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China’s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China’s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low-carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; specifically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.

关键词: climate change     Paris Agreement     low-carbon transition     energy revolution    

Large Scale Infrastructure Projects: The Art of Project or Change Management?

Geert Letens,Kurt Verweire,Peter De Prins

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 197-202 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016033

摘要: Although it is generally understood that change is a fundamental component of managing projects in the construction industry in general and an inevitable challenge for large scale infrastructure project in particular, there has been little to no attention in the literature to understand change in this context from a more holistic perspective. For this purpose, this work looks at change through the eyes of a framework of six batteries of change that seem essential to charge an organization’s capabilities for change. The framework brings together the expertise of four specialists that all have developed their insights over many years of study and practice, and has been validated through an extensive review of the management literature on organization development and change. Reflections on the application of this model in the construction industry and in large scale infrastructure projects demonstrate that energizing organizations to successfully deal with change goes beyond the traditional techniques of managing change from a program or project management perspective. Assessing the six batteries of change in this context can help organizations to develop capabilities for change that build change energy by balancing formal/rational methods with informal/emotional interventions at both a local (department/subproject) and global (business) level.

关键词: large scale project management     organization development and change     batteries of change model    

SEQUESTERING ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS THROUGH LAND USE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 210-225 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022474

摘要:

● Either increasing C input to or reducing C release from soils can enhance soil C sequestration.

关键词: agroecosystems     climate change     negative emissions technology     net zero    

Assessment of future climate change impacts on water-heat-salt migration in unsaturated frozen soil using

Hanli Wan, Jianmin Bian, Han Zhang, Yihan Li

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1302-5

摘要: Abstract • A model coupling water-heat-salt of unsaturated frozen soil was established. • Future temperature, precipitation, and evaporation increase in freeze–thaw period. • Soil water, heat, and salt transport are closely coupled during freeze–thaw period. • Freeze–thaw cycles and future climate change can exacerbate salinization. The transport mechanisms of water, heat, and salt in unsaturated frozen soil, as well as its response to future climate change are in urgent need of study. In this study, western Jilin Province in north-eastern China was studied to produce a model of coupled water-heat-salt in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel. The water, heat, and salt dynamics of unsaturated frozen soil under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were simulated to analyze the effects of future climate change on unsaturated frozen soil. The results show that water, heat, and salt migration are tightly coupled, and the soil salt concentration in the surface layer (10 cm) exhibits explosive growth after freezing and thawing. The future (2020–2099) meteorological factors in the study area were predicted using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). For RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, future temperatures during the freeze–thaw period increased by 2.68°C, 3.18°C, and 4.28°C, respectively; precipitation increased by 30.28 mm, 28.41 mm, and 32.17 mm, respectively; and evaporation increased by 93.57 mm, 106.95 mm, and 130.57 mm, respectively. Climate change will shorten the freeze–thaw period, advance the soil melting time from April to March, and enhance water and salt transport. Compared to the baseline period (1961–2005), future soil salt concentrations at 10 cm increased by 1547.54 mg/L, 1762.86 mg/L, and 1713.66 mg/L under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. The explosive salt accumulation is more obvious. Effective measures should be taken to prevent the salinization of unsaturated frozen soils and address climate change.

关键词: Soil salinization     Climate change     Unsaturated frozen soil     Water-heat-salt balance     Soil environment change    

Impacts of climate change on optimal mixture design of blended concrete considering carbonation and chloride

Xiao-Yong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 473-486 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0608-5

摘要: Many studies on the mixture design of fly ash and slag ternary blended concrete have been conducted. However, these previous studies did not consider the effects of climate change, such as acceleration in the deterioration of durability, on mixture design. This study presents a procedure for the optimal mixture design of ternary blended concrete considering climate change and durability. First, the costs of CO emissions and material are calculated based on the concrete mixture and unit prices. Total cost is equal to the sum of material cost and CO emissions cost, and is set as the objective function of the optimization. Second, strength, slump, carbonation, and chloride ingress models are used to evaluate concrete properties. The effect of different climate change scenarios on carbonation and chloride ingress is considered. A genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal mixture considering various constraints. Third, illustrative examples are shown for mixture design of ternary blended concrete. The analysis results show that for ternary blended concrete exposed to an atmospheric environment, a rich mix is necessary to meet the challenge of climate change, and for ternary blended concrete exposed to a marine environment, the impact of climate change on mixture design is marginal.

关键词: ternary blended concrete     climate change     optimal mixture design     carbonation     chloride ingress    

Challenge of global climate change: Prospects for a new energy paradigm

Michael B. MCELROY

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 2-11 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0005-8

摘要: Perspectives on the challenge posed by potential future climate change are presented including a discussion of prospects for carbon capture followed either by sequestration or reuse including opportunities for alternatives to the use of oil in the transportation sector. The potential for wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuel energy as a source of electricity is outlined including the related opportunities for cost effective curtailment of future growth in emissions of CO.

关键词: climate change     carbon capture     wind     ethanol     CO2     radiative forcing    

Effect of graphene and its derivatives on thermo-mechanical properties of phase change materials and

《能源前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 150-186 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0795-3

摘要: Phase change materials (PCMs) play a leading role in overcoming the growing need of advanced thermal management for the storage and release of thermal energy which is to be used for different solar applications. However, the effectiveness of PCMs is greatly affected by their poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, in the present review the progress made in deploying the graphene (Gr) in PCMs in the last decade for providing the solution to the aforementioned inadequacy is presented and discussed in detail. Gr and its derivatives ((Gr oxide (GO), Gr aerogel (GA) and Gr nanoplatelets (GNPs)) based PCMs can improve the thermal conductivity and shape stability, which may be attributed to the extra ordinary thermo-physical properties of Gr. Moreover, it is expected from this review that the advantages and disadvantages of using Gr nanoparticles provide a deep insight and help the researchers in finding out the exact basic properties and finally the applications of Gr can be enhanced.

关键词: phase change materials (PCMs)     graphene     thermal conductivity     characterization    

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 4-18 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021432

摘要:

Ongoing climate change is expected to have impacts on crops, insect pests, and plant pathogens and poses considerable threats to sustainable food security. Existing reviews have summarized impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, but the majority of these are presented from an ecological point of view, and scant information is available on specific species in agricultural applications. This paper provides an overview of impacts of climate change on two staple crops, wheat and rice. First, the direct effects of climate change on crop growth, yield formation, and geographic distribution of wheat and rice are reviewed. Then, the effects of climate change on pests and pathogens related with wheat and rice, and their interactions with the crops are summarized. Finally, potential management strategies to mitigate the direct impacts of climate change on crops, and the indirect impacts on crops through pests and pathogens are outlined. The present overview aims to aid agriculture practitioners and researchers who are interested in wheat and rice to better understand climate change related impacts on the target species.

The most influential “Top 10 Events” in carbon neutrality and climate change in 2022

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0869-5

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Analysis of the radiation heat transfer process of phase change for a liquid droplet radiator in space

Jinying YIN, Linhua LIU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 166-173 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0105-y

摘要: The optimization of a space power system is greatly affected by the radiation heat transfer in a liquid droplet radiator (LDR). Radiation heat transfer in a two-dimensional bed of phase-change particle is modeled by solving the radiative transfer equation using the discrete ordinates method and the energy equation using the implicit finite difference method. The Mie theory is used to calculate the radiative properties of the droplet bed, whereas the effective medium theory is used to obtain the optical constants of partial solidification droplets. Multiple factors affect heat flux in the LDR, such as size distribution, flow velocity, phase change of droplets, layer thickness, droplet concentration in the layer, and material type of the work fluid; each of these must be analyzed. Calculations show that once size distribution is neglected, the relative error increases significantly. Size distribution has a remarkably strong effect on heat flux when the flow velocity of the working fluid is above 100 m/s. An increase in flow velocity leads to an increase in the total heat flux for the layer with a fixed volume fraction of droplets. The solidification zone occupies nearly half of the layer, and droplets of different sizes exhibit temperature differences to some extent due to local thermal non-equilibrium among them. Droplet concentration in the layer and the material type of the working fluid have strong effects on heat flux, whereas the thickness of the layer has a mild influence on heat flux.

关键词: radiation heat transfer     particle polydispersion     liquid droplet radiator     phase change    

Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 174-180 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0140-3

摘要: In this paper, the feasibility of using metal foams to enhance the heat transfer capability of phase change materials (PCMs) in low- and high-temperature thermal energy storage systems was assessed. Heat transfer in solid/liquid phase change of porous materials (metal foams and expanded graphite) at low and high temperatures was investigated. Organic commercial paraffin wax and inorganic calcium chloride hydrate were employed as the low-temperature materials, whereas sodium nitrate was used as the high-temperature material in the experiment. Heat transfer characteristics of these PCMs embedded with open-cell metal foams were studied. Composites of paraffin and expanded graphite with a graphite mass ratio of 3%, 6%, and 9% were developed. The heat transfer performances of these composites were tested and compared with metal foams. The results indicate that metal foams have better heat transfer performance due to their continuous inter-connected structures than expanded graphite. However, porous materials can suppress the effects of natural convection in liquid zone, particularly for PCMs with low viscosities, thereby leading to different heat transfer performances at different regimes (solid, solid/liquid, and liquid regions). This implies that porous materials do not always enhance heat transfer in every regime.

关键词: heat transfer     thermal energy storage     phase change materials     natural convection     porous media    

Changes in Headwater Streamflow from Impacts of Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau

Zhengxin Bao,Jianyun Zhang,Yanqing Lian,Guoqing Wang,Junliang Jin,Zhongrui Ning,Jiapeng Zhang,Yanli Liu,Xiaojun Wang,

《工程(英文)》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.025

摘要: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the headwater of the Yangtze, Yellow, and the transboundary Yarlung Tsangpo, Lancang, and Nujiang Rivers, providing essential and pristine freshwater to around 1.6 billion people in Southeast and South Asia. However, the temperature rise TP has experienced is almost three times that of the global warming rate. The rising temperature has resulted in glacier retreat, snow cover reduction, permafrost layer thawing, and so forth. Here we show, based on the longest observed streamflow data available for the region so far, that changing climatic conditions in the TP already had significant impacts on the streamflow in the headwater basins in the area. Our analysis indicated that the annual average temperature in the headwater basins of these five major rivers has been rising on a trend averaging 0.37 °C·decade−1 since 1998, almost triple the rate before 1998, and the change of streamflow has been predominantly impacted by precipitation in these headwater basins. As a result, streamflow in the Yangtze, Yarlung Tsangpo, Lancang, and Nujiang River headwater areas is on a decreasing trend with a reduction of flow ranging from 3.0–5.9 × 109 m3·decade−1 (−9.12% to −16.89% per decade) since 1998. The increased precipitation in the Tangnahai (TNH) and Lanzhou (LZ) Basins contributed to the increase of their streamflows at 8.04% and 14.29% per decade, respectively. Although the increased streamflow in the headwater basins of the Yellow River may ease some of the water resources concerns, the decreasing trend of streamflow in the headwater areas of the southeastern TP region since 1998 could lead to a water crisis in transboundary river basins for billions of people in Southeast and South Asia.

关键词: Tibetan Plateau     Streamflow     Change Trend     Climate Change    

Understanding Farmers’ Perceptions and Risk Responses to Climate Change in China

Yang-jie Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 201-210 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015050

摘要: Agriculture is likely to bear the brunt of the impacts of climate change. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends in large part on the extent of adaptation in response to climate change. The overall aim of this paper is to attempt to identify farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and risk responses towards climate change (or potential change). In order to achieve this goal, several specific objectives are pursued. First, the paper investigates whether or not farmers have perceived the long-term climate change and extreme weather events. Second, the paper describes how farmers respond to climate change and tries to assess the determinants of their adaptation. Based on data collected from a survey among farm households in three provinces in rural China, the findings demonstrate that farmers are aware of climate variability and identify the rising temperature, decreasing precipitation and the increasing frequency of drought. Only about 25% of farmers are willing to adjust their farming structures as a risk reaction. Household size, wealth, farm size, and the number of plots are found to be important factors that influence farmer adaptive capacity. Implications for policymaking on agriculture and adaptation to climate change will be to focus on providing farmers with information about the climate in time and facilitating enhancement of their adaptive capacity.

关键词: perception     climate change     agriculture     risk reaction     farmers     China    

全球2℃温升目标与应对气候变化长期目标的演进

高云, 高翔, 张晓华

《工程(英文)》 2017年 第3卷 第2期   页码 272-278 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.022

摘要:

《巴黎协定》提出把全球平均地表气温升幅控制在较工业化前水平的2°C 之内,并努力限制在1.5°C之内。这是第一个使“全球2°C 温升目标”具备法律效力的国际条约,《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二条关于最终目标的定性表述,至此演进为《巴黎协定》第二条包含具体数值的全球温升目标。从政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC) 第二次评估开始,为《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判提供有助于确定定量化长期目标的科学信息就成为后续历次评估的重要任务,但由于涉及非科学评估范畴的价值判断,IPCC 从未从科学上认定全球升温到何种程度是不可接受的。应对气候变化长期目标的确定经历了长期的过程,“全球2°C 温升目标”是建立在科学评估基础上的一个政治共识。本文从“全球2°C 温升目标”的由来、IPCC 围绕《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二条开展的系列评估,以及不同政治层面对温升目标的推动等几个方面,分析了国际应对气候变化长期目标的演进过程,及其对未来科学评估、谈判进程和全球低碳发展走向的影响。

关键词: 气候变化     国际谈判     政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)     《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)     长期目标     关键脆弱性     制度建设    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Climate change and China’s mega urban regions

Chaolin GU, Sunsheng HAN

期刊论文

Tackling climate change and promoting the energy revolution

Xiangwan DU

期刊论文

Large Scale Infrastructure Projects: The Art of Project or Change Management?

Geert Letens,Kurt Verweire,Peter De Prins

期刊论文

SEQUESTERING ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS THROUGH LAND USE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

期刊论文

Assessment of future climate change impacts on water-heat-salt migration in unsaturated frozen soil using

Hanli Wan, Jianmin Bian, Han Zhang, Yihan Li

期刊论文

Impacts of climate change on optimal mixture design of blended concrete considering carbonation and chloride

Xiao-Yong WANG

期刊论文

Challenge of global climate change: Prospects for a new energy paradigm

Michael B. MCELROY

期刊论文

Effect of graphene and its derivatives on thermo-mechanical properties of phase change materials and

期刊论文

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE

期刊论文

The most influential “Top 10 Events” in carbon neutrality and climate change in 2022

期刊论文

Analysis of the radiation heat transfer process of phase change for a liquid droplet radiator in space

Jinying YIN, Linhua LIU

期刊论文

Heat transfer of phase change materials (PCMs) in porous materials

C Y ZHAO, D ZHOU, Z G WU

期刊论文

Changes in Headwater Streamflow from Impacts of Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau

Zhengxin Bao,Jianyun Zhang,Yanqing Lian,Guoqing Wang,Junliang Jin,Zhongrui Ning,Jiapeng Zhang,Yanli Liu,Xiaojun Wang,

期刊论文

Understanding Farmers’ Perceptions and Risk Responses to Climate Change in China

Yang-jie Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

期刊论文

全球2℃温升目标与应对气候变化长期目标的演进

高云, 高翔, 张晓华

期刊论文