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Neural networks modeling signal responses and taxol production of cultured Taxus chinensis cells induced

GONG Yanwen, REN Defeng, YUAN Yingjin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 118-122 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0022-8

摘要： Quantitatively describing the signal transduction process is important for understanding the mechanism of signal regulation in cells, and thus, poses both a challenge and an opportunity for chemical and biochemical engineers. An artificial neural network (ANN), in which we took the signal molecules as neural nodes, was constructed to simulate the generation of active oxygen species (AOS) in Taxus chinensis cells induced by a bio-elicitor. The relative contents of AOS in cells predicted by the ANN model agreed well with the experimental data and three notable stages of AOS increase were observed from the 3D figure of AOS generation. The robustness of AOS trajectories indicated that signal regulation in vivo was an integral feedback control model that ensured the adaptation of to environmental stress. The artificial neural network was able to predict taxol production as well as determine the optimal concentration of oligosaccharides needed for it.

关键词： transduction chinensis feedback environmental generation

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IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020343

摘要：

The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Xanthium sibiricum, Artemisia argyi, Tupistra chinensis and Pyrola calliantha were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicumand Rhizopus stolonifer. All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from T. chinensis rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. T. chinensis may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea / food preservation / plant diseases / plant pathogenic fungi / Tupistra chinensis

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Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine

Danyang Song, Jianyu Hao, Daiming Fan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 564-582 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0724-6

摘要： Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb and other plants, has a wide range of pharmacological properties. Berberine can be used to treat many diseases, such as cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Berberine has protective capacities in digestive diseases. It can inhibit toxins and bacteria, including , protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence has confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapies. In addition, berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, improves energy expenditure, reduces body weight, and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Berberine also improves cardiovascular hemodynamics, suppresses ischemic arrhythmias, attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, and reduces hypertension. Berberine shows potent neuroprotective effects, including antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-ischemic. Furthermore, berberine exerts protective effects against other diseases. The mechanisms of its functions have been extensively explored, but much remains to be clarified. This article summarizes the main pharmacological actions of berberine and its mechanisms in cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.

关键词： berberine Coptis chinensis pharmacological properties mechanism clinical applications

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ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Shufeng YAO, Jiali XU, Haibo ZHANG, Hong GAO, Shibin SHANG, Dan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020343

摘要： The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of , , , and were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi , , and . All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol ( ), 95% ethanol ( ), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea food preservation plant diseases plant pathogenic fungi Tupistra chinensis

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Social responsibility in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study of ecological compensation for

Zheming LIU, Liangyan WANG, Zhaohan SHENG, Xinglin GAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018084

摘要： Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for (the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes, and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.

关键词： infrastructure mega-projects social responsibility ecological compensation Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Sousa chinensis

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Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their cadmium uptake and translocation

Lin WANG,Yingming XU,Yuebing SUN,Xuefeng LIANG,Dasong LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第6期页码 877-887 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0676-7

摘要： The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg·kg under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd-accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.

关键词： pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) cadmium contamination low-cadmium-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) genotype variation soil factor translocation

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K⁺ and Na⁺ fluxes in roots of two Chinese Iris populations

Pinfang LI,Biao ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 144-149 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014016

摘要： Maintenance of ion homeostasis, particularly the regulation of K and Na uptake, is important for all plants to adapt to salinity. Observations on ionic response to salinity and net fluxes of K , Na in the root exhibited by plants during salt stress have highlighted the need for further investigation. The objectives of this study were to compare salt adaptation of two Chinese Iris ( Pall. var. (Fisch.) Koidz.) populations, and to improve understanding of adaptation to salinity exhibited by plants. Plants used in this study were grown from seeds collected in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xj) and Beijing Municipality (Bj), China. Hydroponically-grown seedlings of the two populations were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 0.1 (control) and 140 mmol·L NaCl. After 12 days, plants were harvested for determination of relative growth rate and K , Na concentrations. Net fluxes of K , Na from the apex and along the root axis to 10.8 mm were measured using non-invasive micro-test technique. With 140 mmol·L NaCl treatment, shoots for population Xj had larger relative growth rate and higher K concentration than shoots for population Bj. However, the Na concentrations in both shoots and roots were lower for Xj than those for Bj. There was a lower net efflux of K found in population Xj than by Bj in the mature zone (approximately 2.4-10.8 mm from root tip). However, no difference in the efflux of Na between the populations was obtained. Population Xj of continued to grow normally under NaCl stress, and maintained a higher K /Na ratio in the shoots. These traits, which were associated with lower K leakage, help population Xj adapt to saline environments.

关键词： Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz population K⁺ and Na⁺ ion flux non-invasive micro-test technique

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Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 226-238 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

摘要： Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi ( L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 mol·L NaCl) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd-phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.

关键词： cadmium (Cd) low-Cd cultivar pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) subcellular distribution chemical forms