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Liquid metal cooling in thermal management of computer chips

MA Kunquan, LIU Jing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 384-402 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0057-3

摘要： With the rapid improvement of computer performance, tremendous heat generation in the chip becomes a major serious concern for thermal management. Meanwhile, CPU chips are becoming smaller and smaller with almost no room for the he

关键词： tremendous computer performance generation management improvement

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人-机结合的智能科学和智能工程

戴汝为

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第5期页码 24-28

摘要：

20世纪80年代以来，与人工智能(AI)密切相关的有两件大事，即日本的第五代计算机计划和中国的(“八六三”-306)智能计算机计划。两个计划实施后，使人们对智能自动化问题的认识有很大转变与提高。钱学森先生对此指出了人机结合的重要性，并认为应该研究人机结合的智能系统。笔者于1994年提出“智能科学和智能工程”这一学科领域的设想，到今天，有关人-机结合的智能系统研究已经有了相当的进展。

关键词：智能计算机人机结合综合集成法综合集成研讨厅大成智慧工程

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Review of research and development of computer-aided Kansei Engineering

Li LIN, Chengqi XUE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0023-z

摘要： Kansei Engineering is an important research approach and has become the hotspot of research in design fields. The concept of Kansei Engineering is introduced based on the investigation of related literatures. The working process and the key technology of computer-aided Kansei Engineering systems are discussed. Finally, the development trend of Kansei Engineering is outlined according to the development of computer and networking technology.

关键词： Kansei words design elements system database

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Evaluation of computer vision techniques for automated hardhat detection in indoor construction safety

Bahaa Eddine MNEYMNEH, Mohamad ABBAS, Hiam KHOURY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018071

摘要： Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards. However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers. Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats. Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately, precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.

关键词： construction safety personal protective equipment hardhat computer vision

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铁路运输高速化的仿真研究

马大炜

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第5期页码 72-78

摘要：

从高速化的发展趋势出发，应用仿真研究方法，以沪宁高速区段为例，对高速列车的牵引、制动和阻力特性进行分析，计算比较了从180 km/h中速列车到500 km/h高速列车的不同旅行速度、运行时分、运能等有关高速列车运用效果的要素，并对不同速度等级高速列车的能耗进行了初步比较，分析了在现有科技水平下铁路干线高速化应选用的合理速度。

关键词：仿真研究发展高速列车能量

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Computer modeling of crystal growth of silicon for solar cells

Lijun LIU, Xin LIU, Zaoyang LI, Koichi KAKIMOTO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 305-312 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0155-9

摘要： A computer simulator with a global model of heat transfer during crystal growth of Si for solar cells is developed. The convective, conductive, and radiative heat transfers in the furnace are solved together in a coupled manner using the finite volume method. A three-dimensional (3D) global heat transfer model with 3D features is especially made suitable for any crystal growth, while the requirement for computer resources is kept permissible for engineering applications. A structured/unstructured combined mesh scheme is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation. A dynamic model for the melt-crystal (mc) interface is developed to predict the phase interface behavior in a crystal growth process. Dynamic models for impurities and precipitates are also incorporated into the simulator. Applications of the computer simulator to Czochralski (CZ) growth processes and directional solidification processes of Si crystals for solar cells are introduced. Some typical results, including the turbulent melt flow in a large-scale crucible of a CZ-Si process, the dynamic behaviors of the mc interface, and the transport and distributions of impurities and precipitates, such as oxygen, carbon, and SiC particles, are presented and discussed. The findings show the importance of computer modeling as an effective tool in the analysis and improvement of crystal growth processes and furnace designs for solar Si material.

关键词： computer modeling silicon crystal growth solar cells

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Design of bio-oil additives via molecular signature descriptors using a multi-stage computer-aided molecular

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 168-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2056-8

摘要： Direct application of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis as a fuel has remained a challenge due to its undesirable attributes such as low heating value, high viscosity, high corrosiveness and storage instability. Solvent addition is a simple method for circumventing these disadvantages to allow further processing and storage. In this work, computer-aided molecular design tools were developed to design optimal solvents to upgrade bio-oil whilst having low environmental impact. Firstly, target solvent requirements were translated into measurable physical properties. As different property prediction models consist different levels of structural information, molecular signature descriptor was used as a common platform to formulate the design problem. Because of the differences in the required structural information of different property prediction models, signatures of different heights were needed in formulating the design problem. Due to the combinatorial nature of higher-order signatures, the complexity of a computer-aided molecular design problem increases with the height of signatures. Thus, a multi-stage framework was developed by developing consistency rules that restrict the number of higher-order signatures. Finally, phase stability analysis was conducted to evaluate the stability of the solvent-oil blend. As a result, optimal solvents that improve the solvent-oil blend properties while displaying low environmental impact were identified.

关键词： computer-aided molecular design bio-oil additives molecular signature descriptor

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Answers from computer modeling

Annemie Bogaerts, Maksudbek Yusupov, Jamoliddin Razzokov, Jonas Van der Paal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 253-263 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1786-8

摘要： Plasma is gaining increasing interest for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Using computer simulations at the molecular level, we try to gain better insight in how plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can penetrate through the cell membrane. Specifically, we compare the permeability of various (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) RONS across both oxidized and non-oxidized cell membranes. We also study pore formation, and how it is hampered by higher concentrations of cholesterol in the cell membrane, and we illustrate the much higher permeability of H O through aquaporin channels. Both mechanisms may explain the selective cytotoxic effect of plasma towards cancer cells. Finally, we also discuss the synergistic effect of plasma-induced oxidation and electric fields towards pore formation.

关键词： plasma medicine cancer treatment computer modelling cell membrane reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

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Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

Wei Tian, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, Mingxing International Society for Computer

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 518-527 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0775-8

摘要： Spinal surgery is a technically demanding and challenging procedure because of the complicated anatomical structures of the spine and its proximity to several important tissues. Surgical landmarks and fluoroscopy have been used for pedicle screw insertion but are found to produce inaccuracies in placement. Improving the safety and accuracy of spinal surgery has increasingly become a clinical concern. Computer-assisted navigation is an extension and application of precision medicine in orthopaedic surgery and has significantly improved the accuracy of spinal surgery. However, no clinical guidelines have been published for this relatively new and fast-growing technique, thus potentially limiting its adoption. In accordance with the consensus of consultant specialists, literature reviews, and our local experience, these guidelines include the basic concepts of the navigation system, workflow of navigation-assisted spinal surgery, some common pitfalls, and recommended solutions. This work helps to standardize navigation-assisted spinal surgery, improve its clinical efficiency and precision, and shorten the clinical learning curve.

关键词： guidelines spine surgery computer-assisted navigation

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金属凝固显微组织的计算机模拟

朱鸣芳,于金,洪俊杓

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第5期页码 8-16

摘要：

应用计算机数值模拟技术研究金属凝固显微组织的形成规律是材料科学发展的重要前沿领域之一。文章对该领域的最新研究进展作了简要评述；重点介绍了作者发展的一个改进的MCA(modified cellular automaton)模型的特点以及应用该模型在合金凝固组织数值模拟方面的一些主要工作。

关键词：凝固显微组织计算机模拟 cellular automaton模型

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气象通信网络和计算机系统工程

李黄,王春虎

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第9期页码 101-106

摘要：

气象通信网络和计算机系统作为我国气象事业的信息基础设施，经过近30年的建设和发展，在网络化和计算机应用方面已经取得长足的进步。面向21世纪，中国气象事业在现有基础上将有较大的飞跃和发展，气象信息基础设施将随着国家信息化的发展进程而得到进一步的巩固和发展。文章通过对气象通信网络和计算机系统的发展介绍，来说明气象部门的现代化系统工程建设及其工程化应用状况。

关键词：通信网络计算机系统工程

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Modular architecture model of CSCD system

Hongxue XU, Hong ZHENG, Xiuying GUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 470-475 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0119-5

摘要： A modular architecture model of a computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) system is proposed on the basis of the hierarchical structure characteristics of a distributed collaborative design system and advanced component object technology. The model mainly regards the module as the core organizing and managing design objects and uses the common object request broker architecture (CORBA) specifications as an interactive platform to achieve object communication. The browser/server computing model deals with the remote heterogeneous collaborative design problem. Product design strategies and mechanisms for collaborative design are separated to facilitate the application of distributed collaborative design environment for quick implementation. The open design framework for CSCD system developers can support the implementation of distributed collaborative design to improve product design speed and reduce product development time. The modular CSCD system (MCSCDS) model and its implementation are achieved in the modular CSCD, a prototype system.

关键词： computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) distributed system component object technology modular architecture model

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New method for computer numerical control machine tool calibration: Relay method

LIU Huanlao, SHI Hanming, LI Bin, ZHOU Huichen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 301-304 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0053-3

摘要： Relay measurement method, which uses the kilogram-meter (KGM) measurement system to identify volumetric errors on the planes of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, is verified through experimental tests. During the process, all position errors on the entire plane table are measured by the equipment, which is limited to a small field. All errors are obtained first by measuring the error of the basic position near the original point. On the basis of that positional error, the positional errors far away from the original point are measured. Using this analogy, the error information on the positional points on the entire plane can be obtained. The process outlined above is called the relay method. Test results indicate that the accuracy and repeatability are high, and the method can be used to calibrate geometric errors on the plane of CNC machine tools after backlash errors have been well compensated.

关键词： positional volumetric information process repeatability

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The role delegation authorization model of a computer-supported cooperative design system

XU Hongxue, LIU Yongxian, SHENG Zhongqi, GUO Xiuying

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 201-204 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0034-6

摘要： According to the specific characteristics of a computer-supported cooperative design (CSCD) system, the characteristics of role delegation authorization (RDA) are analyzed and deduced, and a set of fitful status is arrived at. Because of the diversified characteristics of RDA features in different systems, the RDA model has multi-varying status. On the basis of the basic model of role-based access control (RBAC), some basic characteristics of RDA are summed up. Then, according to the specific characteristics of CSCD system, the characteristics of RDA are recombined to develop a RDA model that is suitable for the CSCD system. It is different from the conventional role authorization models of RBAC, that is, it adopts the decentralized authorization management instead of the centralized one in CSCD system, which makes the management more flexible. This model is verified through a specific case of CSCD system.

关键词： fitful RBAC different multi-varying CSCD

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signals using spatial constraint independent component analysis based recursive least squares in brain-computer

Bang-hua YANG,Liang-fei HE,Lin LIN,Qian WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第6期页码 486-496 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400299

摘要： Ocular artifacts cause the main interfering signals within electroencephalogram (EEG) signal measurements. An adaptive filter based on reference signals from an electrooculogram (EOG) can reduce ocular interference, but collecting EOG signals during a long-term EEG recording is inconvenient and uncomfortable for the subject. To remove ocular artifacts from EEG in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), a method named spatial constraint independent component analysis based recursive least squares (SCICA-RLS) is proposed. The method consists of two stages. In the first stage, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to decompose multiple EEG channels into an equal number of independent components (ICs). Ocular ICs are identified by an automatic artifact detection method based on kurtosis. Then empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is employed to remove any cerebral activity from the identified ocular ICs to obtain exact artifact ICs. In the second stage, first, SCICA applies exact artifact ICs obtained in the first stage as a constraint to extract artifact ICs from the given EEG signal. These extracted ICs are called spatial constraint ICs (SC-ICs). Then the RLS based adaptive filter uses SC-ICs as reference signals to reduce interference, which avoids the need for parallel EOG recordings. In addition, the proposed method has the ability of fast computation as it is not necessary for SCICA to identify all ICs like ICA. Based on the EEG data recorded from seven subjects, the new approach can lead to average classification accuracies of 3.3% and 12.6% higher than those of the standard ICA and raw EEG, respectively. In addition, the proposed method has 83.5% and 83.8% reduction in time-consumption compared with the standard ICA and ICA-RLS, respectively, which demonstrates a better and faster OA reduction.

关键词： Ocular artifacts Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrooculogram (EOG) Brain-computer interface (BCI) Spatial constraint independent component analysis based recursive least squares (SCICA-RLS)