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Effects of microfine aggregate in manufactured sand on bleeding and plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete

Branavan ARULMOLY; Chaminda KONTHESINGHA; Anura NANAYAKKARA

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1453-1473 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0877-2

摘要: Construction industries have started to utilize manufactured sand (MS) as an effective alternative for river sand in concrete. High-grade parent rocks are crushed to obtain MS, which also produces a considerable amount of microfine aggregate (MFA). The higher percentage of MFA could lead to both positive and negative effects on the performance of cement-based mixes. This research was done to examine the influence of varying MFA levels, specifically 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% (by weight) as the partial replacements of MS on bleeding and plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete. In addition to the varying MFA levels, some concrete mixes also included fly ash (FA) and superplasticizer to investigate the effect of free-water content in the mixes. The bleeding test data were taken as on-site measurements, while the cracks from the plastic shrinkage cracking test were evaluated using an image processing technique. The results concluded that the MFA replacements and the effective water-to-cement ratio have a significant effect on the selected concrete properties. With the increasing replacement levels, cumulative bleeding and crack initiation life gradually decreased, while a progressive increase was observed for crack width, crack length, and crack area.

关键词: manufactured sand     fresh concrete     microfines     admixtures     shrinkage     cracking    

FUNCTIONAL GAIN OF FRUIT NETTED-CRACKING IN AN INTROGRESSION LINE OF TOMATO WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION OF

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要:

Fruit cracking is a major disorder that affects the integrity of fruit and reduces the commercial value of tomato and other fleshy fruit. Here, we have found a novel fruit ‘netted-cracking’ (FNC) phenotype in tomato introgression line IL4-4 which is present in neither the donor parent (LA0716) nor the receptor parent (M82). An F2 population was generated by crossing IL4-4 with M82 to genetically characterize the FNC gene and this showed that a single dominant gene determined fruit netted-cracking. Further map-based cloning narrowed down the FNC locus to a 230 kb region on chromosome 4. Sequencing and annotation analysis show that FNC(Solyc04 g082540) was the most likely candidate gene. Functional characterization of FNC by overexpressing FNCAC and FNCIL4-4resulted in the fruit netted-cracking phenotype, suggesting that the FNC transcript level results in the functional gain of fruit netted-cracking. These findings were further confirmed by FNC ortholog in netted-cracking pepper and melon, indicating a common regulatory mechanism in different plant species. Furthermore, cytoplasm and nucleus-localized FNC indicates increased expression of genes involved in suberin, lignin, lipid transport and cell wall metabolism. These findings provide novel genetic insights into fruit netted-cracking and offer a way to promote molecular improvement toward cracking resistant cultivars.

 

关键词: fine mapping / fruit netted-cracking / introgression line / transcript level    

Theoretical study on the confine-stiffening effect and fractal cracking of square concrete filled steel

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1317-1336 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0763-3

摘要: Tension stress in steel-concrete composite is widely observed in engineering design. Based on an experimental program on tension performance of three square concrete-filled tubes (SCFT), the tension theory of SCFT is proposed using a mechanics-based approach. The tension stiffening effect, the confining strengthening effect and the confining stiffening effect, observed in tests of SCFTs are included in the developed tension theory model. Subsequently, simplified constitutive models of steel and concrete are proposed for the axial tension performance of SCFT. Based on the MSC.MARC software, a special fiber beam-column element is proposed to include the confining effect of SCFTs under tension and verified. The proposed analytical theory, effective formulas, and equivalent constitutive laws are extensively verified against three available tests reported in the literature on both global level (e.g., load-displacement curves) and strain level. The experimental verification proves the accuracy of the proposed theory and formulations in simulating the performance of SCFT members under tension with the capability to accurately predict the tensile strength and stiffness enhancements and realistically simulate the fractal cracking phenomenon.

关键词: square concrete filled tubes     confine-stiffening     confine-strengthening     fractal cracking     fracture    

Hierarchical approach for fatigue cracking performance evaluation in asphalt pavements

Ibrahim ONIFADE, Yared DINEGDAE, Björn BIRGISSON

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 257-269 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0410-1

摘要: In this paper, a hierarchical approach is proposed for the evaluation of fatigue cracking in asphalt concrete pavements considering three different levels of complexities in the representation of the material behaviour, design parameters characterization and the determination of the pavement response as well as damage computation. Based on the developed hierarchical approach, three damage computation levels are identified and proposed. The levels of fatigue damage analysis provides pavement engineers a variety of tools that can be used for pavement analysis depending on the availability of data, required level of prediction accuracy and computational power at their disposal. The hierarchical approach also provides a systematic approach for the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of pavement deterioration, the elimination of the empiricism associated with pavement design today and the transition towards the use of sound principles of mechanics in pavement analysis and design.

关键词: fatigue cracking     energy based     crack initiation     mechanistic approach     pavement analysis    

Influence of surface cracking, anchor head profile, and anchor head size on cast-in headed anchors in

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》   页码 1163-1187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0987-5

摘要: In this study, the concrete cone capacity, concrete cone angle, and load–displacement response of cast-in headed anchors in geopolymer concrete are explored using numerical analyses. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS is used to simulate the behavior of concrete substrates. The tensile behavior of anchors in geopolymer concrete is compared with that in normal concrete as well as that predicted by the linear fracture mechanics (LFM) and concrete capacity design (CCD) models. The results show that the capacity of the anchors in geopolymer concrete is 30%–40% lower than that in normal concrete. The results also indicate that the CCD model overestimates the capacity of the anchors in geopolymer concrete, whereas the LFM model provides a much more conservative prediction. The extent of the difference between the predictions by the numerical analysis and those of the above prediction models depends on the effective embedment depth of the anchor and the anchor head size. The influence of concrete surface cracking on the capacity of the anchor is shown to depend on the location of the crack and the effective embedment depth. The influence of the anchor head profile on the tensile capacity of the anchors is found to be insignificant.

关键词: cast-in anchor     concrete cone capacity     geopolymer concrete     head size     surface crack     anchor profile    

催化裂解架起了炼油与化工之间的桥梁

李再婷

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第2期   页码 67-71

摘要:

催化裂解是以石油中的重油为原料,用催化方法生产丙烯等基本有机化工原料的技术。在世界上我国首先研究开发了此新工艺及催化剂,并于1990年成功进行了工业示范。迄今,国内外已有七套应用该技术的工业装置建成并投产。生产的丙烯等化工原料已分别用来合成了高质量的聚丙烯、聚乙烯及丙烯腈等化学品。目前催化裂解已可应用更重质的原料,如常压渣油,并开发出能适合不同原料的多种催化剂。文中重点介绍了应用该技术在泰国建成的一套催化裂解装置的生产情况。

关键词: 催化裂解     石油化学工业     丙烯     异丁烯    

A novel fluid catalytic cracking process for maximizing

Youhao Xu, Shouye Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 9-23 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1696-1

摘要: The maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) developed by RIPP has improved gasoline quality to meet the demand of motor gasoline specification. A concept that two different reaction zones include cracking zone and conversion zone is proposed as the fundamental of MIP by research on fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction chemistry. Based on the concept, the MIP process is featured by applying a novel sequential two-zone riser in conjunction with proprietary catalyst and engineering technique. The developed MIP process can not only improve gasoline yield or gasoline plus propylene yields but also produce gasoline with a higher content of -paraffins and a lower content of sulfur. A minimum octane number loss is achieved when MIP gasoline is treated by downstream desulfurization technology (RSDS/S Zorb). The combination of MIP and RSDS/S Zorb processes creates a very competitive route, which is different from the technical route used by other developed countries, to upgrade the quality of motor gasoline with the lowest economic costs in China. In just one decade, the processing capacity of MIP units has accounted for about 60% of the domestic total processing capacity of FCC units. The MIP process is gradually becoming a new generation of FCC technology.

关键词: gasoline     iso-paraffins     FCC     desulfurization     octane number    

靶向生产低碳烯烃的催化裂化技术——反应机理、生产方案和工艺展望 Review

许友好, Yanfen Zuo, Wenjie Yang, Xingtian Shu, Wei Chen, Anmin Zheng

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第30卷 第11期   页码 100-109 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.018

摘要:

Light olefins are important organic building blocks in the chemicals industry. The main low-carbon olefin production methods, such as catalytic cracking and steam cracking, have considerable room for improvement in their utilization of hydrocarbons. This article provides a thorough overview of recent studies on catalytic cracking, steam cracking, and the conversion of crude oil processes. To maximize the production of light olefins and reduce carbon emissions, the perceived benefits of various technologies are examined. Taking olefin generation and conversion as a link to expand upstream and downstream processes, a targeted catalytic cracking to olefins (TCO) process is proposed to meet current demands for the transformation of oil refining into chemical production. The main innovations of this process include a multiple feedstock supply, the development of medium-sized catalysts, and a diameter-transformed fluidized-bed reactor with different feeding schemes. In combination with other chemical processes, TCO is expected to play a critical role in enabling petroleum refining and chemical processes to achieve low carbon dioxide emissions.

关键词: Light olefins     Steam cracking     Catalytic cracking     TCO process     Oil processing revolution    

Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 74-79 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0016-1

摘要: The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins production.

Formation of coke in thermal cracking of jet fuel under supercritical conditions

ZHU Yuhong, YU Caixiang, LI Zimu, MI Zhentao, ZHANG Xiangwen

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 17-21 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0024-1

摘要: Continuous-flow reactor experiments were carried out to study coke formation from thermal cracking of home-made jet fuel RP-3 under supercritical conditions. The mechanism and precursor of coke forming were analyzed. The starting cracking temperature of RP-3 fuel was determined to be 471.8°C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Temperature-programmed oxidation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations of the stressed tubes showed that there are three different coke species including chemisorbed carbon, amorphous carbon and filamentous coke in the solid deposits. More than 90% of coke deposits are carried away by the supercritical fluid, which has strong capabilities of extraction for coke deposits and their precursors. There were 17.1 wt-% of iron and 11.1 wt-% of chromium found on the coke surface detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which suggests carburetion on alloy. RP-3 fuel and its cracking liquids were analyzed by GC-MS,which showed that the content of alkyl benzene and alkyl naphthalene increased evidently in cracking liquids.

关键词: dispersive spectroscopy     different     extraction     calorimetry     filamentous    

Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 167-174 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0308-4

摘要: Mechanical waste-processing methods, which combine crushing and separation processes for the recovery of valuable materials, have been widely applied in waste printed wiring board (PWB) treatment. However, both the high impact toughness and the tensile and flexural strengths of whole PWB with a laminated structure result in great energy consumption and severe abrasion of the cutters during multi-level crushing. In addition, the high temperatures occurring in continual crushing probably cause the decomposition of the polymer matrix. A thermal-crack method using residual steam as the heating medium has been developed to pre-treat waste PWBs. This treatment reduces the mechanical strength in order to improve the recovery rate of valuable materials in subsequent mechanical recycling. The changes of the PWBs’ macro-mechanical properties were studied to evaluate thermal expansion impacts associated with changes in temperature, and the dynamic dislocation micro-structures were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The results showed that thermal cracking with steam at the temperature of 500 K can effectively attenuate the mechanical properties of waste PWBs, by reducing the impact, tensile and flexural strengths respectively, by 59.2%, 49.3% and 51.4%, compared to untreated PWB. Thermal expansion can also facilitate the separation of copper from glass fiber by reducing peel resistance by 95.4% at 500 K. It was revealed that the flexural fracture was a transverse cracking caused by concentrated stress when the heating temperature was less than 500 K, and shifted to a vertical cracking after exceeding 500 K.

关键词: waste printed wiring board (PWB)     residue steam     thermal-crack     mechanical properties    

Catalytic cracking of endothermic fuels in coated tube reactor

LI Jia, ZOU Jijun, ZHANG Xiangwen, GUO Wei, MI Zhentao

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 181-185 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0032-1

摘要: Suspensoid of HZSM-5 or HY zeolites mixed with a self-made ceramic-like binder was coated on the inner wall of a tubular reactor by gas-aided fluid displacement technology. The coated zeolites were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coating thickness is 10–20 ?m and the particle size of the zeolites is in the range of 1–5 ?m. In the coated reactor, cracking of endothermic fuels including -dodecane and aviation fuel RP-3 was carried out separately under supercritical conditions at 600°C and 625°C to investigate their heat sinks and conversion of catalytic reactions. For the reaction catalyzed by HY(25% mass fraction) coating, the heat sink capacity of -dodecane are 815.7 and 901.9 kJ/kg higher than that of the bare tube at 600°C and at 625°C, respectively. Conversion of -dodecane also increases from 42% to 60% at 600°C and from 66% to 80% at 625°C. The coated zeolite can significantly inhibit the carbon deposition during supercritical cracking reactions.

关键词: HZSM-5     self-made ceramic-like     gas-aided     Conversion     Suspensoid    

FUNCTIONAL GAIN OF FRUIT NETTED-CRACKING IN AN INTROGRESSION LINE OF TOMATO WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION OF

Chunli ZHANG, Taotao WANG, Jing LI, Danqiu ZHANG, Qingmin XIE, Shoaib MUNIR, Jie YE, Hanxia LI, Yongen LU, Changxian YANG, Bo OUYANG, Yuyang ZHANG, Junhong ZHANG, Zhibiao YE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》   页码 280-291 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020374

摘要: Fruit cracking is a major disorder that affects the integrity of fruit and reduces the commercial value of tomato and other fleshy fruit. Here, we have found a novel fruit ‘netted-cracking’ (FNC) phenotype in tomato introgression line IL4-4 which is present in neither the donor parent (LA0716) nor the receptor parent (M82). An F population was generated by crossing IL4-4 with M82 to genetically characterize the gene and this showed that a single dominant gene determined fruit netted-cracking. Further map-based cloning narrowed down the locus to a 230 kb region on chromosome 4. Sequencing and annotation analysis show that (Solyc04 g082540) was the most likely candidate gene. Functional characterization of by overexpressing and resulted in the fruit netted-cracking phenotype, suggesting that the transcript level results in the functional gain of fruit netted-cracking. These findings were further confirmed by ortholog in netted-cracking pepper and melon, indicating a common regulatory mechanism in different plant species. Furthermore, cytoplasm and nucleus-localized indicates increased expression of genes involved in suberin, lignin, lipid transport and cell wall metabolism. These findings provide novel genetic insights into fruit netted-cracking and offer a way to promote molecular improvement toward cracking resistant cultivars.

关键词: fine mapping     fruit netted-cracking     introgression line     transcript level    

Instantaneous deflection of light-weight concrete slabs

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 412-423 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0416-8

摘要: Construction loading before the age of 28 d can have the most significant effects on the slabs, especially for multi-story structures. The changing properties of the young concrete complicate the prediction of serviceability design requirements also. An experimental investigation is performed on four simply supported Light-Weight Concrete (LWC) one-way slabs subjected to immediate loading at 14 d. Effects of aggregate type, loading levels and cracking moment together with the influences of ultimate moment capacity and service moment on the instantaneous deflection of slabs are studied. Comparison of the obtained results with predictions of existing models in the literature shows considerable differences between the recorded and estimated instantaneous deflection of LWC slabs. Based on sensitivity analysis of the effective parameters, a new equation is proposed and verified to predict the instantaneous deflection of LWC slabs subjected to loading at the age of 14 d.

关键词: instantaneous deflection     light-weight concrete     expanded polystyrene     effective moment of inertia     cracking moment     moment capacity     service moment    

蒸汽裂解建模中的人工智能——详细流出物预测深度学习算法 Article

Pieter P. Plehiers, Steffen H. Symoens, Ismaël Amghizar, Guy B. Marin, Christian V. Stevens, Kevin M. Van Geem

《工程(英文)》 2019年 第5卷 第6期   页码 1027-1040 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.013

摘要:

化工过程可以从快速准确的流出物成分预测中获益良多,以进行工厂设计、控制和优化。工业4.0革命宣称,通过将机器学习引入这些领域,就可实现可观的经济收益和环境收益。高频优化和工艺控制的瓶颈往往是按要求对原料和产品等进行详细分析所需的时间。为解决这些问题,已为最大的化工品生产工艺——蒸汽裂解——建立由四个深度学习人工神经网络(DL ANNs)组成的框架。所提出的方法可根据有限数量的石脑油商业指标和可快速获得的工艺特性,确定石脑油原料的详细特性和蒸汽裂解炉流出物的详细组成。根据沸点曲线上的三个点和PIONA(烷烃、异链烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃和芳香烃)特性预测石脑油的详细特性。若沸点不可用,则同时对沸点进行估计。即使在估计沸点的情况下,所建立的深度学习人工神经网络仍优于已有的香农信息熵最大化和传统人工神经网络等方法。对于原料重构,在测试集得到的平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.3 wt%,流出物预测的平均绝对误差为0.1 wt%。结合所有网络时——使用前一网络的输出作为下一网络的输入——流出物平均绝对误差增大至0.19 wt%。除这些网络具有高精度外,主要好处是获得预测值所需的计算成本可忽略不计。在标准的英特尔i7处理器上,预测值以毫秒为单位。COILSIM1D等商业软件在精度方面表现稍好一些,但每个反应所需的中央处理器时间以秒为单位。速度大大提高,精度损失极小,使所提出的框架非常适用于连续监控难以获取的工艺参数,且非常适用于预想的高频实时优化(RTO)策略或工艺控制。然而,缺乏基本依据意味着几乎完全丧失基本的理解,而这并不总是被工程界广泛接受。此外,对于那些与训练集内石脑油非常不同的石脑油,所建立网络的性能有明显下降。

关键词: 人工智能     深度学习     蒸汽裂解     人工神经网络    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of microfine aggregate in manufactured sand on bleeding and plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete

Branavan ARULMOLY; Chaminda KONTHESINGHA; Anura NANAYAKKARA

期刊论文

FUNCTIONAL GAIN OF FRUIT NETTED-CRACKING IN AN INTROGRESSION LINE OF TOMATO WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION OF

期刊论文

Theoretical study on the confine-stiffening effect and fractal cracking of square concrete filled steel

期刊论文

Hierarchical approach for fatigue cracking performance evaluation in asphalt pavements

Ibrahim ONIFADE, Yared DINEGDAE, Björn BIRGISSON

期刊论文

Influence of surface cracking, anchor head profile, and anchor head size on cast-in headed anchors in

期刊论文

催化裂解架起了炼油与化工之间的桥梁

李再婷

期刊论文

A novel fluid catalytic cracking process for maximizing

Youhao Xu, Shouye Cui

期刊论文

靶向生产低碳烯烃的催化裂化技术——反应机理、生产方案和工艺展望

许友好, Yanfen Zuo, Wenjie Yang, Xingtian Shu, Wei Chen, Anmin Zheng

期刊论文

Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

期刊论文

Formation of coke in thermal cracking of jet fuel under supercritical conditions

ZHU Yuhong, YU Caixiang, LI Zimu, MI Zhentao, ZHANG Xiangwen

期刊论文

Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Yao CHEN, Jinhui LI, Huabo DUAN, Zhishi WANG

期刊论文

Catalytic cracking of endothermic fuels in coated tube reactor

LI Jia, ZOU Jijun, ZHANG Xiangwen, GUO Wei, MI Zhentao

期刊论文

FUNCTIONAL GAIN OF FRUIT NETTED-CRACKING IN AN INTROGRESSION LINE OF TOMATO WITH HIGHER EXPRESSION OF

Chunli ZHANG, Taotao WANG, Jing LI, Danqiu ZHANG, Qingmin XIE, Shoaib MUNIR, Jie YE, Hanxia LI, Yongen LU, Changxian YANG, Bo OUYANG, Yuyang ZHANG, Junhong ZHANG, Zhibiao YE

期刊论文

Instantaneous deflection of light-weight concrete slabs

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

期刊论文

蒸汽裂解建模中的人工智能——详细流出物预测深度学习算法

Pieter P. Plehiers, Steffen H. Symoens, Ismaël Amghizar, Guy B. Marin, Christian V. Stevens, Kevin M. Van Geem

期刊论文