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CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444
Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO2concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH4 started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.
关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021392
Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021392
关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop diversification cropping system modeling ecosystem services sustainable agriculture
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 474-480 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021406
European cropping systems are often characterized by short rotations or even monocropping, leading to environmental issues such as soil degradation, water eutrophication, and air pollution including greenhouse gas emissions, that contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss. The use of diversification practices (i.e., intercropping, multiple cropping including cover cropping and rotation extension), may help enhance agrobiodiversity and deliver ecosystem services while developing new value chains. Despite its benefits, crop diversification is hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains (input industries, farms, trading and processing industries, retailers, and consumers) and within sociotechnical systems (policy, research, education, regulation and advisory). Six EU-funded research projects have joined forces to boost crop diversification by creating the European Crop Diversification Cluster (CDC). This Cluster aggregates research, innovation, commercial and citizen-focused partnerships to identify and remove barriers across the agrifood system and thus enables the uptake of diversification measures by all European value-chain stakeholders. The CDC will produce a typology of barriers, develop tools to accompany actors in their transition, harmonize the use of multicriteria assessment indicators, prepare policy recommendations and pave the way for a long-term network on crop diversification.
关键词： crop rotation lock-in intercropping multiple cropping networking
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 295-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021434
Since the Green Revolution cropping systems have been progressively homogenized and intensified with increasing rates of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. This has resulted in higher crop productivity but also a high environmental burden due to increased pollution and water depletion. To identify opportunities for increasing the productivity and reducing the environmental impact of cropping systems, it is crucial to assess the associated trade-offs. The paper presents a model-based analysis of how 30 different crop rotations practiced in the North China Plain could be combined at the regional level to overcome trade-offs between indicators of economic, food security, and environmental performance. The model uses evolutionary multi-objective optimization to maximize revenues, livestock products, dietary and vitamin C yield, and to minimize the decline of the groundwater table. The modeling revealed substantial trade-offs between objectives of maximizing productivity and profitability versus minimizing ground water decline, and between production of livestock products and vitamin C yield. Six strategies each defining a specific combination of cropping systems and contributing to different extents to the various objectives were identified. Implementation of these six strategies could be used to find opportunities to mitigate the trade-offs between objectives. It was concluded that a holistic analysis of the potential of a diversity cropping systems at a regional level is needed to find integrative solutions for challenges due to conflicting objectives for food production, economic viability and environmental protection.
关键词： crop rotation / food security / multi-objective optimization / water use
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 167-169 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022446
Intensive agriculture, characterized by strong reliance on excessive amount of external agrochemical inputs in simplified cropping systems has contributed successfully to feeding an increasing number of humans, but at the expense of severe resource and environmental costs. Consequently, the Earth is facing multifaceted challenges, including increasing food demand both in quantity and quality, global warming associated with extreme weather events, soil degradation and depletion of natural resources. To address some of these challenges, we have developed this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (FASE). The issue addresses the research frontiers of two main themes: (1) aboveground-belowground ecological and physiological mechanisms, processes and ecosystem functions; and (2) the synergies and trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services in sustainable crop and pasture systems. There are 10 articles in this Special Issue including review and research articles with contributions from Australia, China, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. The contributors are all highly-regarded scientists devoted to studies on mechanisms and applications of sustainable crop and pasture systems.
Sustainable crop and pasture systems have a potential to enhance the synergies in multiple ecosystem services, consisting of higher food production, lower environmental impacts and climate change mitigation. To innovate sustainable cropping systems requires deeper and comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying above- and belowground interactions. Hans Lambers and Wen-Feng Cong emphasized the importance of diversifying crop species or genotypes with complementary or facilitative functional traits. This will mediate key ecosystem processes related to water, carbon and nutrients, contributing to higher resource-use efficiency and enhancing synergies in ecosystem services ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022444). Root functional traits such as root exudates are pivotal in nutrient mobilization, either directly mobilizing plant nutrients in the soil or indirectly so via modifications of the soil microbiome. Cathryn A. O'Sullivan and coworkers reported a novel role of root exudates from canola in inhibiting nitrification in soils. They found that these root exudates (called biological nitrogen (N) inhibitors) can significantly reduce nitrification rates of both Nitrosospira multiformis cultures and native nitrifying communities in soil. This would reduce nitrate losses, but increase plant N uptake and microbial N immobilization, subsequently benefiting the following cereal crops through mineralization of this organic N pool ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021421). Jonathan Storkey and Andrew J. Macdonald used the longest-lasting grassland biodiversity experiment in the world to examine the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services. They reported a strong trade-off between plots with high productivity, N inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with a large number of plant species with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies. An increasing proportion of forbs with greater longevity and lower leaf dry matter content can partly mitigate the trade-offs between plant diversity and productivity ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021438).
John A. Raven further explored synergies or trade-offs of ecosystem services regulated by above- and belowground interactions, mainly functioning through energy, material and information pathways. Solar energy is the key driver for photosynthesis and transpiration, modulating the flow of water and nutrients in soils moving aboveground and the flow of carbohydrates feeding belowground biota. Information transfer can be through hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, regulating plant development, abiotic and biotic damage and resource excess and limitation ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021433).
Timothy S. George and coauthors highlighted the importance of harnessing biodiversity principles and physiological mechanisms in diversified cropping systems to achieve agricultural sustainability. They demonstrate that crop diversification combined with optimized management such as minimum tillage and reduced fertilizer inputs can improve soil quality, promoting soil biotic activities and associated functions. This will reduce the reliance on agrochemical inputs and environmental impacts, and increase climatic resilience ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021437). Ruqiang Zhang and coworkers applied the One Health concept to design healthy dairy farms. They employed a wide range of soil and plant diversity measures such as intercropping, crop rotation and flower strips at both field and landscape scales to reduce the inputs of fertilizers, pesticides as well as soil compaction caused by heavy machines. The biodiversity-based solutions can help dairy farmers maintain a healthy eco-environment, while producing high-quality milk ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022445). Emily C. Cooledge and her colleagues show that introducing multispecies leys with perennial legumes and other forbs into arable rotations will achieve multiple ecosystem benefits. This occurs mainly in three ways—return of livestock manure, permanent soil cover and less disturbance of soil—which promote soil food web interactions and soil aggregate stability, subsequently sequestering more carbon in soils ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021439). Ting Luo and coauthors used the sugarcane cropping system in China as an example and analyzed the current challenges and problems and proposed a wide range of crop, soil and input management practices such as crop rotation, strategic tillage and optimized nutrient management to achieve sustainable sugarcane cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022442).
Focusing on the multi-objective assessment of different cropping systems, Léa Kervroëdan and coworkers assessed the agronomic and environmental impacts of food, feed and mixed (food, feed and biogas) cropping systems. They found that mixed cropping systems had a greater potential of bioenergy production and agronomic performance, but also higher greenhouse gas emissions. This warrants long-term examination of whether short-term higher greenhouse gas emissions can be offset by long-term soil carbon sequestration in this system ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021435). Jeroen C. J. Groot and Xiaolin Yang applied a new mathematical approach of evolutionary multi-objective optimization to 30 cropping systems practiced on the North China Plain with the aim of overcoming the trade-offs between revenues, energy and nutrient supply and groundwater depletion at a regional level. This approach allows national or regional policymakers to plan growing area of certain sustainable cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021434).
As the Guest Editors, we thank all authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their professional support.
Dr. Wen-Feng Cong, Associate Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at Wageningen University in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research at Aarhus University in Denmark. His research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of crop, genotype and cropping system diversity on soil carbon sequestration and soil phosphorus utilization, and applying the ecological mechanisms to design sustainable diversified cropping systems. He is author of over 30 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, and Global Change Biology. He is leading or participating in sustainable cropping systems related projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is acting as a member of the editorial board of Frontiers in Agronomyand Frontiers in Soil Science.
Dr. Hans Lambers, Emeritus Professor at the University of Western Australia and Distinguished Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research in Australia and the Netherlands, before taking up a position of Professor of Plant Ecophysiology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and then Professor of Plant Biology and Ecology at the University of Western Australia in Australia. His research focuses on understanding plant–soil interactions and plant nutrition, with an emphasis on Australian plants and crop legumes. He is author of over 550 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Annual Review of Plant Biology,Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, New Phytologist, Plant and Soil,Global Change Biology, andNature Plants. He is leading or participating in projects on plant nutrition funded by the Australian Research Council. He is the lead author of an influential textbook, Plant Physiological Ecology (1998, 2008, and 2019), Editor in Chief of Plant and Soil(1992–present), and Associate Editor in Chief ofFrontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 页码 582-596 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0268-y
关键词： constructed wetland emergy ecosystem services disservices ternary diagram
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期 页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291
The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.
关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization
HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437
To achieve the triple challenge of food security, reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change, there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural, value-chain practices and decision-making. By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs, provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, enhance plant, microbe and animal biodiversity, and mitigate against climate change. In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability, resilience and provision of ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions. Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients. Additionally, this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions. We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation. We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient, sustainable, and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production, and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023508
● Macro-, micro- and nanoplastic pollution in agricultural soils threaten long-term crop production and environmental health in China.
关键词： circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture
Nicolas MUNIER-JOLAIN, Martin LECHENET
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期 页码 21-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019292
Redesigning cropping and farming systems to enhance their sustainability is mainly addressed in scientific studies using experimental and modeling approaches. Large data sets collected from real farms allow for the development of innovative methods to produce generic knowledge. Data mining methods allow for the diversity of systems to be considered holistically and can take into account the diversity of production contexts to produce site-specific results. Based on the very few known studies using such methods to analyze the crop management strategies affecting pesticide use and their effect on farm performance, we advocate further investment in the development of large data sets that can support future research programs on farming system design.
关键词： data mining holistic Integrated Pest Management economics DEPHY network.
TRANSFORMING CHINESE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期 页码 4-15 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023493
● The goals of Chinese food and agriculture have shifted from grain self-sufficiency to diversified goals, including protecting natural resources, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and improving food safety and nutrition.
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期 页码 457-464 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022452
● A simple model was used to evaluate how increasing temporal variability in precipitation influences crop yields and nitrogen losses.
关键词： crop yield fertilizer timing nitrogen loss precipitation variability toy model
“国家食物安全可持续发展战略研究”项目组
《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第1期 页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.001
粮食安全问题既是一个经济问题，更是一个重要的社会问题。确保国家食物安全，需要准确地研判未来食物供需趋势的变化，全程贯穿大食物观、全产业链和新绿色化三大发展的要求，划定食物安全基准和资源利用红线，区分进口类别和优先序，制订明确的发展目标，强化基础支撑和科技保障。本文基于国家未来食物安全可持续发展的战略构想，提出了确保谷物基本自给是我国粮食安全的核心战略，加快实施十亿亩(1亩≈666.67m2)高标准农田建设重大工程，创新经营方式、培育新型农业经营主体；完善法律法规标准、推进现代农业发展进程等政策建议。
Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city
Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期 页码 640-657 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0549-5
关键词： cities as forces for good climate variability ecosystem services energy and nutrient recovery infrastructure failure urban metabolism
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION
Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG
期刊论文
ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS
期刊论文
TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH
期刊论文
SUSTAINABLE CROP AND PASTURE SYSTEMS: FROM ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
期刊论文
Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable
期刊论文
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
期刊论文
HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR
期刊论文
Sustainable Plasticulture in Chinese Agriculture: a Review of Challenges and Routes to Achieving Long-termFood and Ecosecurity
期刊论文
Methodological considerations for redesigning sustainable cropping systems: the value of data-mininglarge and detailed farm data sets at the cropping system level
Nicolas MUNIER-JOLAIN, Martin LECHENET
期刊论文
CLIMATE-CHANGE-INDUCED TEMPORAL VARIATION IN PRECIPITATION INCREASES NITROGEN LOSSES FROM INTENSIVE CROPPINGSYSTEMS: ANALYSIS WITH A TOY MODEL
期刊论文
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