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Reliability and variance-based sensitivity analysis of arch dams during construction and reservoir impoundment

M. Houshmand KHANEGHAHI, M. ALEMBAGHERI, N. SOLTANI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 526-541 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0495-1

摘要: The static performance of arch dams during construction and reservoir impoundment is assessed taking into account the effects of uncertainties presented in the model properties as well as the loading conditions. Dez arch dam is chosen as the case study; it is modeled along with its rock foundation using the finite element method considering the stage construction. Since previous studies concentrated on simplified models and approaches, comprehensive study of the arch dam model along with efficient and state-of-the-art uncertainty methods are incorporated in this investigation. The reliability method is performed to assess the safety level and the sensitivity analyses for identifying critical input factors and their interaction effects on the response of the dam. Global sensitivity analysis based on improved Latin hypercube sampling is employed in this study to indicate the influence of each random variable and their interaction on variance of the responses. Four levels of model advancement are considered for the dam-foundation system: 1) Monolithic dam without any joint founded on the homogeneous rock foundation, 2) monolithic dam founded on the inhomogeneous foundation including soft rock layers, 3) jointed dam including the peripheral and contraction joints founded on the homogeneous foundation, and 4) jointed dam founded on the inhomogeneous foundation. For each model, proper performance indices are defined through limit-state functions. In this manner, the effects of input parameters in each performance level of the dam are investigated. The outcome of this study is defining the importance of input factors in each stage and model based on the variance of the dam response. Moreover, the results of sampling are computed in order to assess the safety level of the dam in miscellaneous loading and modeling conditions.

关键词: concrete arch dams     reliability     randomness     improved Latin hypercube sampling     variance-based sensitivity analysis     exceedance probability     Sobol′ index    

Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 90-97 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0008-3

摘要: Dam constructions worldwide are designed and constructed in view of the strictest safety aspects for all static and dynamic load cases. As experience shows, however, formation of cracks in the “homogeneos concrete” as well as unsatisfactory compound behavior of lift joints are not to be excluded. These zones of weakness especially on the upstream side of the dam— exposed to high water pressure (static and dynamic)— represent an increased risk of safety. The main investigation, apart from the computation of the dynamic effects on the dam as a global structure, focuses on the stability analysis of a pressure-water filled crack configuration subjected to “dynamic loading” in the form of seismic action on the dam-reservoir-system and alternatively by “impact spot-loading” within sectors of the reservoir. A fracture mechanics based analysis shows an excessive potential of damage for the afflicted structure.

关键词: dam-reservoir     earthquake     impact     cracking     fracture mechanics    

Behavior of materials for earth and rockfill dams: Perspective from unsaturated soil mechanics

Eduardo E. ALONSO, Rafaela CARDOSO,

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 1-39 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0013-6

摘要: The basis of the design of earth and rockfill dams is focused on ensuring the stability of the structure under a set of conditions expected to occur during its life. Combined mechanical and hydraulic conditions must be considered since pore pressures develop during construction, after impoundment and in drawdown. Other instability phenomena caused by transient flow and internal erosion must be considered. The prediction of the hydro-mechanical behavior of traditional and non-traditional materials used in the construction of dams is therefore fundamental. The materials used for dam’s construction cover a wide range from clayey materials to rockfill. In a broad sense they are compacted materials and therefore unsaturated materials. A summary of the current level of knowledge on the behavior of traditional materials used in the construction of dams is presented in the paper. Regular compacted materials (with a significant clay fraction), rockfill and compacted soft rocks are studied with more detail. The latter are non-traditional materials. They are analysed because their use, as well as the use of mixtures of soil and rock, is becoming more necessary for sustainability reasons.

关键词: dams     unsaturated soil mechanics     suction     rockfill     clayey soil     mixture    

Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 15-37 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0465-7

摘要: In this study, the air blast response of the concrete dams including dam-reservoir interaction and acoustic cavitation in the reservoir is investigated. The finite element (FE) developed code are used to build three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of concrete dams. A fully coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation has been adopted herein. A previous developed model including the strain rate effects is employed to model the concrete material behavior subjected to blast loading. In addition, a one-fluid cavitating model is employed for the simulation of acoustic cavitation in the fluid domain. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the air blast loading on the response of concrete dam systems. Hence, the analyses are performed for different heights of dam and different values of the charge distance from the charge center. Numerical results revealed that 1) concrete arch dams are more vulnerable to air blast loading than concrete gravity dams; 2) reservoir has mitigation effect on the response of concrete dams; 3) acoustic cavitation intensify crest displacement of concrete dams.

关键词: air blast loading     concrete dams     finite element     dam-reservoir interaction     cavitation     concrete damage model    

水库大坝的安全问题和已建大坝的抗震安全性

Martin Wieland

《工程(英文)》 2016年 第2卷 第3期   页码 325-331 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.011

摘要:

对任何蓄水大坝工程的基本性能要求都是安全性,它包括以下安全要素:①结构安全性;②大坝安全监控;③运行安全和维护;④应急计划。长期安全包括:首先,分析影响项目的所有灾害,即自然环境灾害、人造环境灾害、特定项目和特定场地灾害。本文讨论的是大坝地震安全的特点。大坝是自20 世纪30 年代以来最早开始进行系统性抗震结构设计的建筑物,但由于多数大坝设计采用的是现今认为已过时的地震设计标准和动态分析方法,因此无法了解那些老坝的地震安全性。因此,需要基于当前最新做法,重新评估已建坝的地震安全性,并改造有缺陷的大坝。通常建议对大坝进行特定场地的地震危险性分析。当前的大坝以及用于控制强震后水库安全的设施必须能承受安全评估地震的地面运动。地震动参数可以利用概率或确定性地震危险性分析确定。强震作用下,大坝可能发生非弹性变形,因此需要在时域内进行地震分析。此外,地震对大坝造成的危害包括地面震动、断层移动、块体移动等。工程师所需的地面运动并非实际的地震地面运动,而是地面运动模型,用以进行大坝的抗震安全设计。同时必须牢记,在大坝较长的生命周期内,需要进行多次大坝安全评估。

关键词: 大坝     抗震设计     地震安全性     已建坝     设计标准     地震灾害     可持续性     使用寿命    

Shape design of arch dams under load uncertainties with robust optimization

Fengjie TAN, Tom LAHMER

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 852-862 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0522-x

摘要: Due to an increased need in hydro-electricity, water storage, and flood protection, it is assumed that a series of new dams will be build throughout the world. The focus of this paper is on the non-probabilistic-based design of new arch-type dams by applying means of robust design optimization (RDO). This type of optimization takes into account uncertainties in the loads and in the material properties of the structure. As classical procedures of probabilistic-based optimization under uncertainties, such as RDO and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO), are in general computationally expensive and rely on estimates of the system’s response variance, we will not follow a full-probabilistic approach but work with predefined confidence levels. This leads to a bi-level optimization program where the volume of the dam is optimized under the worst combination of the uncertain parameters. As a result, robust and reliable designs are obtained and the result is independent from any assumptions on stochastic properties of the random variables in the model. The optimization of an arch-type dam is realized here by a robust optimization method under load uncertainty, where hydraulic and thermal loads are considered. The load uncertainty is modeled as an ellipsoidal expression. Comparing with any traditional deterministic optimization method, which only concerns the minimum objective value and offers a solution candidate close to limit-states, the RDO method provides a robust solution against uncertainty. To reduce the computational cost, a ranking strategy and an approximation model are further involved to do a preliminary screening. By this means, the robust design can generate an improved arch dam structure that ensures both safety and serviceability during its lifetime.

关键词: arch dam     shape optimization     robust optimization     load uncertainty     approximation model    

Earthquake analysis of arch and gravity dams including the effects of foundation inhomogeneity

LIN Gao, DU Jianguo, HU Zhiqiang

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 41-50 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0004-4

摘要: Dam-foundation interaction plays an important role in the design of earthquake-resistant concrete arch and gravity dams. Geological conditions of the dam canyon are usually very complicated; however, in the literature, the damfoundation interaction analysis is often carried out based on the premise of a homogeneous unbounded foundation. In this paper, the effect of foundation inhomogeneity on the seismic response of arch and gravity dams was studied by means of scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). In order to satisfy the similarity requirement of SBFEM and simplify the computational effort, a subdomain approach and a conical representation of an unbounded foundation were proposed. The way of partitioning the domain and the selection of open angle and bottom radius of the cone model on the accuracy of the result were examined. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach is rational and efficient. Cases of foundation inhomogeneity with stiffness varying in accordance with an exponential function along the radial direction, and cases of foundation inhomogeneity with stiffness discontinuity and with weak interlayer strata on the earthquake response of concrete arch dams as well as gravity dams were analyzed. It was found that a homogeneous idealization of the unbounded foundation may sometimes greatly underestimate the maximum earthquake stress response of the dam. Therefore, taking into account the effect of foundation inhomogeneity for the earthquake safety assessment of concrete arch and gravity dams has great significance.

关键词: selection     interlayer     damfoundation interaction     Geological     computational    

Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 145-160 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0806-4

摘要: In this study, sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) were applied to strengthen the concrete slabs in a concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) for the first time. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations were carried out to understand the flexural properties of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. It was found that the FRCC layer improved the flexural performance of concrete slabs significantly. The cracking and ultimate loads of a concrete slab with an 80 mm FRCC layer were 132% and 69% higher than those of the unstrengthened concrete slab, respectively. At the maximum crack width of 0.2 mm, the deflection of the 80-mm FRCC strengthened concrete slab was 144% higher than that of the unstrengthened concrete slab. In addition, a FE model and a simplified analytical method were developed for the design and analysis of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. Finally, the test result of FRCC leaching solution indicated that the quality of the water surrounding FRCC satisfied the standard for drinking water. The findings of this study indicate that the sprayable strain-hardening FRCC has a good potential for strengthening hydraulic structures such as CFRDs.

关键词: strain-hardening cementitious composites     engineered cementitious composites     sprayable     shotcrete     strengthening     concrete-face rockfill dam     digital image correlation    

汶川地震后对大坝抗震安全的思考

陈厚群

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第6期   页码 44-53

摘要:

简要概述了震区大坝,尤其是坝高超过100 m的4座大坝的震情;总结了此次破坏性地震中有关大坝安全的经验教训;对在我国强震区兴建高坝的有关大坝抗震安全的几个关键问题做了分析和探讨,并提出了相应的建议。

关键词: 汶川地震     经验教训     水库地震     优先战略    

我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第12期   页码 84-89

摘要:

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点,概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平,展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词: 水力发电     高坝     重力坝     拱坝     碾压混凝土坝     面板堆石坝    

A general framework for modeling long-term behavior of earth and concrete dams

Bernhard A. SCHREFLER, Francesco PESAVENTO, Lorenzo SANAVIA, Giuseppe SCIUME, Stefano SECCHI, Luciano SIMONI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 41-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0070-x

摘要: Many problems are linked with the long-term behavior of both earthdams and concrete dams. They range from hydraulic fracturing to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and to repair work in concrete dams, from seismic behavior to secondary consolidation in earthdams. A common framework for the simulation of such systems is shown, based on the mechanics of multiphase porous media. The general model is particularized to specific situations and several examples are shown.

关键词: earth dams     concrete dams     multiphase porous materials     coupled problems     hydraulic fracture     concrete hydration     alkali-silica reaction (ASR)     finite element method    

Dynamic in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 135-148 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0481-7

摘要: Severe earthquakes can induce damages to Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRDs) such as concrete cracking and joint's water stops distressing where high in-plane transversal normal stresses develop. Although these damages rarely jeopardize the dam safety, they cause large water reservoir leakages that hinder the dam functioning. This issue can be addressed using well know numerical methods; however, given the wide range of parameters involved, it would seem appropriate to develop a simple yet reliable procedure to get a close understanding how their interaction affects the CFRD’s overall behavior. Accordingly, once the physics of the problem is better understood one can proceed to perform a detailed design of the various components of the dam. To this end an easy-to-use procedure that accounts for the dam height effects, valley narrowness, valley slopes, width of concrete slabs and seismic excitation characteristics was developed. The procedure is the dynamic complement of a method recently developed to evaluate in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD’s due to dam reservoir filling [ ]. Using these two procedures in a sequential manner, it is possible to define the concrete slab in-plane normal stresses induced by the reservoir filling and the action of orthogonal horizontal seismic excitations acting at the same time upstream-downstream and cross river. Both procedures were developed from a data base generated using nonlinear static and dynamic three-dimensional numerical analyses on the same group of CFRD’s. Then, the results were interpreted with the Buckingham Pi theorem and various relationships were developed. In the above reference, the method to evaluate the concrete face in-plane transversal normal stresses caused by the first reservoir filling was reported. In this paper, the seismic procedure is first developed and then through an example the whole method (dam construction, reservoir filling plus seismic loading) of analysis is assessed.

关键词: CFR dams     dynamic analysis     in-plane normal stresses     concrete face    

中国大坝的安全和管理

吴中如

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第6期   页码 36-39

摘要:

大坝是我国国民经济建设及社会发展的重要基础设施,提高和加强对大坝的安全认识和管理水平,对充分发挥大坝的作用具有重大意义。本文回顾了中国大坝安全状况,简述了大坝的安全管理,并为提高大坝安全与管理提出了一些认识。

关键词: 中国大坝     安全     管理    

蓬勃发展的水电行业——全球两座巨型水电站投入运营

Sean O'Neill

《工程(英文)》 2022年 第18卷 第11期   页码 9-11 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.005

In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir filling

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 81-91 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0378-2

摘要: To evaluate the effects of dam height, valley narrowness and width of concrete slabs on the first-dam reservoir filling in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD´s, 3D finite difference analyses were carried out. Behavior of rockfill dams considered in this study was defined from the monitoring of a number of 3D sets of pressure cells and extensometers installed in three large dams in Mexico. The 3D analyses results show that high in-plane transversal compressive stresses develop within the concrete panels located in the central concrete face zone upon dam reservoir filling loading. Likewise, in-plane induced tensile transversal stresses in the zones near the abutments increase the potential of slabs cracking and damaging the waterstops in-between the vertical and perimetral joints. From the results of the 3D finite difference analyses, a simple method to estimate in-plane normal stresses in the concrete face is advanced and through comparisons with the results of a 3D case numerical study, its accuracy assessed.

关键词: concrete face     CFR dams     reservoir filling     slab in-plane stresses    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Reliability and variance-based sensitivity analysis of arch dams during construction and reservoir impoundment

M. Houshmand KHANEGHAHI, M. ALEMBAGHERI, N. SOLTANI

期刊论文

Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

期刊论文

Behavior of materials for earth and rockfill dams: Perspective from unsaturated soil mechanics

Eduardo E. ALONSO, Rafaela CARDOSO,

期刊论文

Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

期刊论文

水库大坝的安全问题和已建大坝的抗震安全性

Martin Wieland

期刊论文

Shape design of arch dams under load uncertainties with robust optimization

Fengjie TAN, Tom LAHMER

期刊论文

Earthquake analysis of arch and gravity dams including the effects of foundation inhomogeneity

LIN Gao, DU Jianguo, HU Zhiqiang

期刊论文

Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious

期刊论文

汶川地震后对大坝抗震安全的思考

陈厚群

期刊论文

我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

期刊论文

A general framework for modeling long-term behavior of earth and concrete dams

Bernhard A. SCHREFLER, Francesco PESAVENTO, Lorenzo SANAVIA, Giuseppe SCIUME, Stefano SECCHI, Luciano SIMONI

期刊论文

Dynamic in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文

中国大坝的安全和管理

吴中如

期刊论文

蓬勃发展的水电行业——全球两座巨型水电站投入运营

Sean O'Neill

期刊论文

In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir filling

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文