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A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy

Qingqing SHEN, Wensheng LIN, Anzhong GU, Yonglin JU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 122-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0175-0

摘要： With the increasingly extensive utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in China today, sustainable and effective using of LNG cold energy is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the utilization of LNG cold energy in seawater desalination system is proposed and analyzed. In this system, the cold energy of the LNG is first transferred to a kind of refrigerant, i.e., butane, which is immiscible with water. The cold refrigerant is then directly injected into the seawater. As a result, the refrigerant droplet is continuously heated and vaporized, and in consequence some of the seawater is simultaneously frozen. The formed ice crystal contains much less salt than that in the original seawater. A simplified model of the direct-contact heat transfer in this desalination system is proposed and theoretical analyses are conducted, taking into account both energy balance and population balance. The number density distribution of two-phase bubbles, the heat transfer between the two immiscible fluids, and the temperature variation are then deduced. The influences of initial size of dispersed phase droplets, the initial temperature of continuous phase, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient are also clarified. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data of the R114/water system.

关键词： liquefied natural gas (LNG)     cold energy utilization     desalination     direct-contact heat transfer    

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A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 45-50 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0262-6

摘要： A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.

关键词： aluminum (Al) form resins     desalination     mixed bed (MB)     regeneration    

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Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 954-965 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2311-2

摘要： The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge, and solar-driven interfacial evaporation for desalination is a promising way to alleviate the crisis. To develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly photothermal evaporator, the hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/alkaline lignin (AL)/graphene oxide (GO) hydrogels (CLGs) with remarkable evaporative performance were successfully fabricated by a facile sol–gel method using biomass residues. The influence of AL content on the physicochemical properties of the evaporator was investigated. The increasing content of AL improves the mechanical properties, saturated water content and crosslink density of the hydrogels. The designed materials exhibit outstanding thermal insulation capacity (the thermal conductivity of less than 0.05 W·m–1·K–1) and high light absorption capacity of more than 97%. The solar evaporation efficiency and water evaporation rate of the HEC/64 wt % of AL/GO hydrogels (CLG4) achieve 92.1% and 2.55 kg·m–2·h–1 under 1 sun, respectively. The salt resistance test results reveal that the evaporation rate of the CLG4 can still reach 2.44 kg·m–2·h–1 in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The solar evaporation rate of the CLG4 can maintain in the range of 2.45–2.59 kg·m–2·h–1 in five cycles. This low-cost lignin-based photothermal evaporator offers a sustainable strategy for desalination.

关键词： lignin     photothermal     cellulose     desalination     hydrogel    

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Progress and prospect of hydrate-based desalination technology

Jibao ZHANG, Shujun CHEN, Ning MAO, Tianbiao HE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 445-459 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0740-5

摘要： With the continuous growth of the population and the improvement of production, the shortage of freshwater has plagued many countries. The use of novel technologies such as desalination to produce fresh water on a large scale has become inevitable in the world. Hydrate-based desalination (HBD) technology has drawn an increasing amount of attention due to its mild operation condition and environmental friendliness. In this paper, literature on hydrate-based desalination is comprehensively analyzed and critically evaluated, focuses on experimental progress in different hydrate formers that have an impact on thermodynamics and dynamics in hydrate formation. Besides, various porous media promotion is investigated. Besides, the hydrate formation morphology and hydrate crystal structure with different hydrate formers are analyzed and compared. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation is discussed to further understand microscopic information of hydrate formation. Furthermore, simulations of the HBD process by considering the energy consumption are also investigated. In conclusion, the hydrated based desalination is a potential technology to get fresh water in a sustainable way.

关键词： gas hydrates     desalination     crystal morphology     molecular dynamic     cold energy    

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Economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination system coupled with tidal energy

Changming LING, Yifei WANG, Chunhua MIN, Yuwen ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0478-2

摘要： A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system coupled with tidal energy is proposed. The mechanical energy produced by the tidal energy through hydraulic turbine is directly used to drive the RO unit. The system performances and the water cost of the conventional and tidal energy RO systems are compared. It is found that the proposed tidal energy RO system can save water cost in the range of 31.0% 41.7% in comparison with the conventional RO system. There is an optimum feed pressure that leads to the lowest water cost. The tidal RO system can save more costs at a high feed pressure or a high water recovery rate. The optimum feed pressure of the tidal energy RO system is higher than that of the conventional RO system. The longer lifetime of the tidal energy RO system can save even more water cost. When the site development cost rate is lower than 40%, the water cost of the tidal energy RO system will be lower than that of the conventional RO system. The proposed technology will be an effective alternative desalination method in the future.

关键词： reverse osmosis (RO) desalination     tidal energy     model     economic evaluation    

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The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 317-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0888-2

摘要： The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production successfully tested in Fujian, China

关键词： China     wind power non    

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with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1162-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2276-6

摘要： In the present research, for the first time, lycopodium as a novel nanofiller was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to fabricate lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride flat-sheet membrane for desalination applications by vacuum membrane distillation process. The prepared lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and lycopodium were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and mapping analyses. Water contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements were also performed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize membrane structure and performance. The optimized lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibits superior performance compared to the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in terms of flux, salt rejection, water contact angle, and hydrophobicity. In vacuum membrane distillation experiments, using a 15000 ppm NaCl solution as a feed at 70 °C, the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, optimum membrane, and agglomerated membrane (with high lycopodium loading) demonstrated 3.80, 25.20, and 14.83 LMH flux and 63.30%, 99.99%, 99.96% salt rejection, respectively. This improvement in flux and salt rejection of the optimized membrane was related to the presence of lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels in membrane structure. It was found that lycopodium, as the most hydrophobic material, effectively influences the membrane performance and structure for membrane distillation applications.

关键词： lycopodium     hydrophobicity     vacuum membrane distillation     desalination    

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crosslinker chemistry during interfacial polymerization on the performance of nanofiltration membranes for desalination

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2025-2036 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2356-2

摘要： Chemistry of the polyamide active layer of a desalination membrane is critical in determining both its physical and chemical properties. In this study, we designed and fabricated three novel membranes with different active layers using the crosslinkers: terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and trimesoyl chloride. The crosslinkers were reacted with an aqueous solution of an aliphatic tetra-amine. Because these crosslinkers differ in their structures and crosslinking mechanisms during interfacial polymerization, the resultant membranes also possess different structural properties. The water contact angle of the fabricated membranes also varies; the water contact angles of 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, are 68.9°, 65.6°, and 53.9°, respectively. Similarly, the desalination performance of resultant membranes also showed variations, with 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET having a permeate flux of 17.14, 25.70, and 30.90 L·m−2·h−1, respectively, at 2.5 MPa. The 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET membrane exhibited extensive crosslinking with aliphatic linear amine, and cationic dye rhodamine B, MgCl2, and amitriptyline rejection rates of 98.6%, 92.7% and 80.9%, respectively. The 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET membrane showed mediocre performance, while 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET membrane showed even lower performance, with a 35% rejection of methyl orange dye.

关键词： acid chlorides     covalent crosslinking     desalination     linear aliphatic amine     micropollutant removal     thin film composite membranes    

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Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Shanshan CHEN,Haiping LUO,Yanping HOU,Guangli LIU,Renduo ZHANG,Bangyu QIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 317-323 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0596-y

摘要： Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl , KCl, and CaCl with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca >Mg >Na >K . Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na were one-fifth to five times of Mg , ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%–3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.

关键词： divalent ion     electrodialysis     ion characteristic     microbial desalination cell     monovalent ion    

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新能源苦咸水淡化研究——以甘肃省为例

王 刚

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第3期   页码 45-49

摘要：

基于“973”非并网风电的研究成果，提出将该技术应用于淡水资源短缺、但苦咸水丰富地区（甘肃省）的建议。继而，从能耗和节能减排的角度，分析了该系统大规模成功应用后的效益优势，并提出推广这种技术的对策建议。

关键词： 非并网；新能源；苦咸水；淡化    

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Pesticide wastewater treatment using the combination of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production

Songwei Lin, Yaobin Lu, Bo Ye, Cuiping Zeng, Guangli Liu, Jieling Li, Haiping Luo, Renduo Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1191-7

摘要： MEDCC combined with Fenton process was developed to treat real pesticide wastewater. Pesticide removal was attributable to desalination in the MEDCC. High COD removal was attributable to organic distributions in different chambers. The combination of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell (MEDCC) and Fenton process for the pesticide wastewater treatment was investigate in this study. Real wastewater with several toxic pesticides, 1633 mg/L COD, and 200 in chromaticity was used for the investigation. Results showed that desalination in the desalination chamber of MEDCC reached 78%. Organics with low molecular weights in the desalination chamber could be removed from the desalination chamber, resulting in 28% and 23% of the total COD in the acid-production and cathode chambers, respectively. The desalination in the desalination chamber and organic transfer contributed to removal of pesticides (e.g., triadimefon), which could not be removed with other methods, and of the organics with low molecular weights. The COD in the effluent of the MEDCC combined the Fenton process was much lower than that in the perixo-coagulaiton process (<150 vs. 555 mg/L). The combined method consumed much less energy and acid for the pH adjustment than that the Fenton.

关键词： Pesticide wastewater     COD removal     Microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell     Energy consumption     Fenton oxidation    

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海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第11期   页码 37-41

摘要：

海水淡化是解决水源危机的根本措施，但海水淡化绝不能以牺牲能源为代价；现有的几种海水淡化技术各有优劣，应配套使用；河海大学和南京玻纤院等研制的太阳能加热装置，可以作为海水淡化装置中清洁、无污染的能源。

关键词： 海水淡化     太阳能     定日镜     能源     水源    

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非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第3期   页码 35-40

摘要：

为了缓解我国淡水缺乏的现状，将海水进行淡化成了一个主要的研究方向。针对传统海水淡化方法属高耗能产业，并且使用常规能源，对环境易造成二次污染的缺陷，介绍了一种基于非并网多能源协同供电的海水淡化系统。该系统基于非并网风电原理，利用风、光、潮汐等绿色能源对海水淡化系统供电，提高了能源的利用效率，实现二氧化碳的零排放，具有很好的社会经济效益。本文设计并研发了一套单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统，该系统利用1台2.5 MW风机对海水淡化系统供电，基于非并网风电理论，做到了风电高效、低成本、全部利用。

关键词： 非并网；风网互补；多能源协同；海水淡化；变频    

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Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater desalination

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1185-5

摘要： Mesoporous silica nanoparticle was modified with 4-triethoxysilylaniline. AMSN-based TFN-RO membranes were prepared for seawater desalination. Water transport capability of the AMSN was limited by polyamide. Polyamide still plays a key role in permeability of the TFN RO membranes. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), with higher water permeability than NaA zeolite, were used to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, only aminoalkyl-modified MSN and low-pressure (less than 2.1 MPa) RO membrane were investigated. In this study, aminophenyl-modified MSN (AMSN) were synthesized and used to fabricate high-pressure (5.52 MPa) RO membranes. With the increasing of AMSN dosage, the crosslinking degree of the aromatic polyamide decreased, while the hydrophilicity of the membranes increased. The membrane morphology was maintained to show a ridge-and-valley structure, with only a slight increase in membrane surface roughness. At the optimum conditions (AMSN dosage of 0.25 g/L), when compared with the pure polyamide RO membrane, the water flux of the TFN RO membrane (55.67 L/m2/h) was increased by about 21.6%, while NaCl rejection (98.97%) was slightly decreased by only 0.29%. However, the water flux of the membranes was much lower than expected. We considered that the enhancement of RO membrane permeability is attributed to the reduction of the effective thickness of the PA layer.

关键词： Thin film nanocomposite membrane     Reverse osmosis     Seawater desalination     Aminophenyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles    

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海水淡化反渗透耐氯膜材料的研究与制备进展

黄海,张林,侯立安

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第7期   页码 89-94

摘要：

反渗透是重要的海水淡化技术，本文针对反渗透膜易被水中活性氯破坏导致性能下降的问题，介绍了聚酰胺反渗透膜氯化降解理论，并深入探讨了国内外对耐氯反渗透膜材料的研究与开发现状，讨论了耐氯反渗透膜的研究方向和发展前景。

关键词： 海水淡化     水处理     反渗透     聚酰胺     耐氯性     膜材料    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy

Qingqing SHEN, Wensheng LIN, Anzhong GU, Yonglin JU

期刊论文

A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

期刊论文

Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

期刊论文

Progress and prospect of hydrate-based desalination technology

Jibao ZHANG, Shujun CHEN, Ning MAO, Tianbiao HE

期刊论文

Economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination system coupled with tidal energy

Changming LING, Yifei WANG, Chunhua MIN, Yuwen ZHANG

期刊论文

The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

期刊论文

with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination

期刊论文

crosslinker chemistry during interfacial polymerization on the performance of nanofiltration membranes for desalination

期刊论文

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Shanshan CHEN,Haiping LUO,Yanping HOU,Guangli LIU,Renduo ZHANG,Bangyu QIN

期刊论文

新能源苦咸水淡化研究——以甘肃省为例

王 刚

期刊论文

Pesticide wastewater treatment using the combination of the microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production

Songwei Lin, Yaobin Lu, Bo Ye, Cuiping Zeng, Guangli Liu, Jieling Li, Haiping Luo, Renduo Zhang

期刊论文

海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

期刊论文

非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

期刊论文

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater desalination

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

期刊论文

海水淡化反渗透耐氯膜材料的研究与制备进展

黄海,张林,侯立安

期刊论文