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Digitalization optical open loop test system for fiber optic gyroscope

ZHANG Deng-wei, SHU Xiao-wu, MU Xu-dong, LIU Cheng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 434-438 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0053-8

摘要： In order to receive and process the open loop signal from fiber optic gyroscopes speedily, stably and expediently, and to realize the amity interface between human and machine, a digital system that can convert GPIB (general purpose interface bus ) parallel bus into Universal Serial Bus is developed. All the interface functions of GPIB and the hardware system are realized through FPGA. With a digital sampling and processing system designed with VC++ in Windows platform, the real-time controlling procedure, high-speed receiving and sending data can be carried out, and the results can be displayed too. So the design of the system is flexible, the reliability and the stability are improved, error rate is no more than 10, the highest bit rate is 8 MB/s and the open loop detection system for optic fiber gyros achieves standardization and complete digitalization simultaneously.

关键词： stability real-time controlling standardization controlling procedure complete digitalization

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数字化驱动的建筑业高质量发展战略路径研究

孙洁,龚晓南,张宏,苏星

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第4期页码 56-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.006

摘要：

我国建筑业多年来保持着强劲的发展态势，但在效率、质量、安全、环境保护等方面依然存在提升空间；借助于新一轮工业革命浪潮，通过数字化科技创新将驱动我国建筑业转型升级，实现建筑业高质量发展。本文综合运用文献综述、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法，在梳理数字技术与建筑业变革之间关系的基础上，分析了建筑业数字化科技创新的发展现状；从政府部门、参与机构、市场环境3个层面分析归纳了我国建筑业数字化科技创新驱动的生态要素，提出了数字化科技创新驱动我国建筑业高质量发展的战略路径。本文可为推动实现数字化科技创新基础上的我国建筑业高质量发展提供政策建议和实施框架。

关键词：建筑业，数字化，科技创新，高质量发展

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Big data and machine learning: A roadmap towards smart plants

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 623-639 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0218-0

摘要： Industry 4.0 aims to transform chemical and biochemical processes into intelligent systems via the integration of digital components with the actual physical units involved. This process can be thought of as addition of a central nervous system with a sensing and control monitoring of components and regulating the performance of the individual physical assets (processes, units, etc.) involved. Established technologies central to the digital integrating components are smart sensing, mobile communication, Internet of Things, modelling and simulation, advanced data processing, storage and analysis, advanced process control, artificial intelligence and machine learning, cloud computing, and virtual and augmented reality. An essential element to this transformation is the exploitation of large amounts of historical process data and large volumes of data generated in real-time by smart sensors widely used in industry. Exploitation of the information contained in these data requires the use of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies integrated with more traditional modelling techniques. The purpose of this paper is twofold: a) to present the state-of-the-art of the aforementioned technologies, and b) to present a strategic plan for their integration toward the goal of an autonomous smart plant capable of self-adaption and self-regulation for short- and long-term production management.

关键词： big data machine learning artificial intelligence smart sensor cyber–physical system Industry 4.0 intelligent system digitalization

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0275-z

摘要： Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Built environment and management: exploring grand challenges and management issues in built environment

Liang WANG, Xiaolong XUE, Rebecca J. YANG, Xiaowei LUO, Hongying ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 313-326 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0049-9

摘要： Engineering management research objects have gradually been transformed from micro-scale projects to macro-scale built environment. Built environment has driven the advancement of civilization through human history. From the Stone Age to the modern era, built environment, which refers to manmade surroundings, has provided the setting for human activities. Built environment has undergone developments and evolution processes as civilization grew. Today, technological advancements cause influences of built environment to encompass every aspect of life, as material, spatial and cultural products of the human labor force, which combines material factors and energy in a lively way of work and in forms. However, the concept of built environment remains unclear. Built environment faces a major challenge, such as the use of science and technology to solve key national and global issues. Thus, the definitions of built environment were systematically reviewed and summarized from different perspectives and levels to address these issues. The grand challenges of built environment, including climate change and energy consumption, urbanization and infrastructure construction, growth, and innovation, were summarized. Furthermore, the corresponding management issues and future development strategies were proposed to solve identified challenges of built environment.

关键词： built environment innovation sustainability resilience urbanization digitalization infrastructure

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数字水务进展以及从汽车和飞机工业自动化发展中汲取的经验教训 Review

Dragan Savić

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 35-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.013

摘要：

提供水务服务和涉水卫生服务是一项全球性关键挑战。水务设施服务和废水设施服务具有规模性、复杂性和关键性等特点，使其在规划和管理方面变得极为困难。数字化革命已深入人类生活的许多领域，水务行业也开始从数字化转型中受益。有效利用气象遥感和土壤湿度数据可以提高灌溉效率（即粮食产量），利用人工智能可以更好地检测管道网络的异常和故障，利用自然启发式优化方法可以改善系统的管理和规划，以及数字孪生和机器人技术的频繁利用，所有这些都展现了数字化技术在改善复杂水务系统管理上的巨大潜力。但是，这些技术也有附加风险，如网络安全风险、不正当使用、过度信任数字解决方案与自动化的性能和准确度等。本文明确了水务行业数字化技术的主要进展，并将取证工程原则应用到一些在自动化和数字化转型较为领先的领域，对其故障事件进行分析。新型数字化技术失误是引发汽车和飞机行业重大事故的潜在原因（如特斯拉自动驾驶汽车和波音737 MAX飞机），确定失误原因并将经验应用于水务行业的类似风险识别中，吸取教训，避免失败。重要发现表明：①自动化要求在回路系统配置人员；②人工操作者必须充分掌握技术，并接受技术培训；③在发生技术故障时，应当采取应急式人工干预；④虽然冗余传感器会增加成本，但能减少由传感器读数失误带来的风险；⑤必须考虑网络安全风险；⑥鉴于水务系统的自动化和互联性不断增强，必须考虑相关伦理问题。这些发现也指出了与水务行业数字化转型相关的主要研究领域。

关键词：数字化自动化水行行业潜在风险经验教训

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推进智能制造的技术升级路线——并行推进、融合发展 Artical

周源, 臧冀原, 苗仲桢, Tim Minshall

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第4期页码 691-701 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.016

摘要：

面对以智能制造为核心技术的新一轮工业革命，西方工业发达国家制造业企业按照“串联式”技术路径推动升级——从数字化制造到数字化网络化制造，再到新一代智能制造范式。中国作为后发国家，在以智能制造为主攻方向推动制造业从中低端向中高端迈进的背景下，其升级路径更加复杂。中国企业在技术基础上“多化并存”，广大企业特别是中小企业缺乏对智能制造的正确认识，导致部分智能制造项目无法达到预期效果。本研究旨在探索我国企业的智能制造技术升级路线，通过多个案例研究，对中国5个制造业企业智能制造实施案例比较分析，数据来源包括半结构化访谈和档案数据，提出了基于三个基本范式的智能制造技术升级路线分析模型，总结出推进智能制造的技术升级路线——“并行推进、融合发展”。本文所阐释的技术升级路线有利于指导制造企业、决策者和投资者选择适合自己的智能制造推进路径，具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：智能制造升级路径中国制造数字化网络化新一代智能制造