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Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 559-568 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0400-4

摘要： The aim of this paper is to study the spatial-temporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.

关键词： industrial eco-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)

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Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Jiansu MAO, Yanchun DU, Linyu XU, Yong ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 585-596 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0289-8

摘要： Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10 ?US$/PJ and 4.26×10 US$/TgCO eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energy-related eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10 US$/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 US$/GgCO eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of eco-efficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.

关键词： eco-efficiency greenhouse gas (GHG) global warming potential (GWP) industrial sectors energy saving

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Optimization of remanufacturing process routes oriented toward eco-efficiency

Hong PENG, Han WANG, Daojia CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 422-433 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0552-z

摘要： Remanufacturing route optimization is crucial in remanufacturing production because it exerts a considerable impact on the eco-efficiency (i.e., the best link between economic and environmental benefits) of remanufacturing. Therefore, an optimization model for remanufacturing process routes oriented toward eco-efficiency is proposed. In this model, fault tree analysis is used to extract the characteristic factors of used products. The ICAM definition method is utilized to design alternative remanufacturing process routes for the used products. Afterward, an eco-efficiency objective function model is established, and simulated annealing (SA) particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to select the manufacturing process route with the best eco-efficiency. The proposed model is then applied to the remanufacturing of a used helical cylindrical gear, and optimization of the remanufacturing process route is realized by MATLAB programming. The proposed model’s feasibility is verified by comparing the model’s performance with that of standard SA and PSO.

关键词： remanufacturing process route optimization eco-efficiency simulated particle swarm optimization algorithm IDEF0

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Municipal solid waste management in Dalian: practices and challenges

Xinbei WANG, Yong GENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 540-548 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0361-z

摘要： The fast growing of urban areas in developing countries has brought serious problems on municipal solid waste (MSW) management. It will be rational to adopt an integrated approach to deal with such a challenge so that the overall eco-efficiency of MSW management could be improved. To better examine how attributes of integrated MSW management are being interpreted and put into practice, and to explore what changes should be made to improve the application of integrated MSW management, we employ a case study method so that lessons learned could be used to inform initiatives in other cities and the potential solution may offer feasible strategies. The case study city is Dalian, a typical seaport city with fast growing rate in economy. The outcomes of this case study show us that fragmented management structure, ineffective and inefficient enforcement of relevant regulations, backward technologies, limited financial resources and lack of public participation are main barriers for the implementation of integrated MSW management. Consequently, in order to overcome these barriers, we propose an integrated management framework on MSW management, aiming to maximize the overall eco-efficiency of MSW management.

关键词： municipal solid waste (MSW) management 3R principles challenges eco-efficiency effective and efficient enforcement

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Two-dimensional numerical and eco-toxicological modeling of chemical spills

Suiliang HUANG, Yafei JIA, Sam S. Y. WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 178-185 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0020-9

摘要： The effects of chemical spills on aquatic non-target organisms were evaluated in this study. Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals, i.e., ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA, Hudson River Model of PCBs, and critical body residual (CBR) model and dynamic energy budget (DEBtox) model, this paper presents an uncoupled numerical eco-toxicological model. The transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model (including flow and sediment transport), and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model, separately. Due to extreme scarcity of data, this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a lake. Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.

关键词： chemical spills acute effects aquatic ecosystem eco-toxicological modeling

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On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability

WANG Xiangrong, YONG Yi, ZHANG Hao, WANG Pingjian, WANG Shoubing, CHEN Weizhen, WANG Shixiong, HO Hing Hon

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 178-186 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0029-5

摘要： The background, concept, connotation, principles, and methods of eco-planning for an Eco-Demonstration Park (EDP) and sustainability were examined based on a case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China, which is an important part of Shanghai Eco-city planning and construction in the 21st century. By analyzing natural, social and economic conditions, calculating population using the land capacity eco-model, eco-function zoning, and eco-construction, an innovative eco-industrial structure and technical chain were formulated. A comprehensive eco-planning scheme for the EDP was proposed, including planning and management strategies for subsystems of efficient industry, good quality human settlement, high standard eco-construction and eco-tourism as well as effective environmental protection and attractive landscape. The EDP should be an area with coordinated and sustainable economic, social and environmental subsystems. Eco-planning for the EDP should be a very important part of eco-city planning and sustainability. The paper aims to set up a theoretical framework and practical basis for eco-planning and promoting harmony between human and nature.

关键词： connotation Eco-Demonstration environmental protection settlement management

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生态县生态市生态省建设规划编制导则

卞有生,何军,张文国

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第11期页码 1-7

摘要：

指导和规范生态县、生态市、生态省建设规划的编制，研究制定了本导则。导则明确指出生态省、生态市、生态县建设的实质是可持续发展能力建设，主要内容包括生态经济、生态环境、生态社会和生态文化四个方面。导则在阐述建设规划的内涵、意义和要求的基础上，提出了规划必须包括的内容以及规划编制的程序、方法、手段和审批程序。导则适用于全国各地生态县、生态市、生态省建设规划的编制，同时供审查规划和检查、考核建设成效时使用。

关键词：生态省生态市生态县规划导则

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生态省生态市及生态县标准研究

卞有生,何军

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第11期页码 18-24

摘要：

生态省、生态市、生态县建设的实质是可持续发展能力建设。其主要内容包括生态经济、生态环境和生态社会三个方面，文章建立的标准基本上反映这三个方面的建设现状和发展潜力。生态省标准由5项基本条件和22项考核指标组成；生态市标准由5顶基本条件和30项考核指标组成；生态县标准由5项基本条件和38项考核指标组成。适用于不同规模、不同区域生态省、市、县建设的标准，同时也可以做为引导生态省、市、县建设的方向和目标。

关键词：生态省生态市生态县指标体系可持续发展

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A low power, eco-friendly multipurpose thermoelectric refrigerator

N. Jagan Mohan REDDY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 79-87 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0380-8

摘要： There has been an immense endeavor to mitigate global warming in spite of which it has only been worse. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low power and eco-friendly refrigeration system using the thermoelectric effect. The conventional refrigerators make use of complex mechanisms which involves synchronous operation of various units, namely the compressor, condensers, expansion valves, evaporator, refrigerant and so on. But a thermoelectric refrigerator exploits the principle of the Peltier effect, thus avoiding the utilization of these complex components. This even helps curb the release of harmful chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere which contributes to the increase in global temperature. Moreover, the temperature can be controlled and set to required values with the help of a microcontroller. Hence, this can be used both for domestic and commercial purposes. The unit does not eject any harmful gases. Therefore, the heat expelled from the unit can be tapped for heating utilities, making the use of this device versatile in its application. Thus this proposal aims not only at reducing the air pollutants by not contributing to it but also at reducing the power consumption.

关键词： low power eco-friendly multipurpose TEC-12706 Peltier effect microcontroller (P89V51RD2BN) temperature control

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Industrial Greening of the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone

Da-yuan Li,Min Huang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 228-233 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015047

摘要： Extensive industrial development is a major challenge to ecological civilization construction. Industrial energy consumption and environmental pollution reduction are desperately needed. The Dongting Lake district, located in Wuhan and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) pilot zone, bears the responsibility to ensure national food security and watershed ecological security, and it is an urgent need for the Dongting Lake district to accept the ecological transition of industries. On the analysis of the industrial development status and problems of the Dongting Lake district, some proposals based on the characteristics and reality of the district are pointed out, such as industrial cooperation, proper space layout, ecological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, building of ecological parks, clean production, elimination of backward production capacity, heavy metals governance and so on, as to develop the industrial ecology of the Dongting Lake district.

关键词： industrial greening changing patterns of development ecological civilization regional collaboration the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone

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Distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the typical eco-units of Haihe River Basin

Jingling LIU,Tao YANG,Qiuying CHEN,Feng LIU,Binbin WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 103-113 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0686-5

摘要： The distribution and characteristics of seven heavy metals in sediments located in the typical ecological units (eco-units) (e.g., rivers, lakes, and estuaries) of Haihe River Basin were analyzed. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index was used for ecological risk assessment. The results indicated that the concentration scales of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the eco-units were 2.08 to 24.80 mg·g , 0.01 to 1135.50 mg·g , 28.70 to 152.73 mg·g , 0.03 to 195765.83 mg·g , 8.65 to 157.82 mg·g , 6.47 to 178.61 mg·g , and 21.09 to 1076.25 mg·g , respectively. The maximum concentrations of Hg, Cd, and Zn showed higher levels than other water bodies around the world. Hg and Cd have high concentrations in Zhangweinanhe River (1135.50 and 195765.83 mg·g , respectively) and Haihe Estuary (790.50 and 548.47 mg·g , respectively). According to the ecological factor, Cd and Hg showed very strong ecological risks. The seven heavy metals, namely, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, exhibited ecological risk levels in descending order. Based on the potential ecological risk index, Luanhe River and Baiyangdian Lake had moderate ecological risks, whereas every site in Zhangweinanhe River and Haihe Estuary had substantial risk levels. The risk order of the typical eco-units are as follows: Zhangweinan River (2278345.68)>Estuary (161914.74)>Luanhe River (191.54)>Baiyangdian Lake (120.95). These results provided a scientific basis for water environment improvement and risk management of the Haihe River Basin.

关键词： Haihe River Basin ecological risk eco-units heavy metals

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中国农业生态工程的主要技术类型

卞有生

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 83-86

摘要：

农业生态工程是生态农业建设的重要内容，是实施生态农业建设的重要措施和技术手段。其实质是应用生态学原理，结合系统工程方法和现代技术手段，建立农业资源高效利用的生产方式和实施农业可持续发展的技术体系。作者在理论研究和多年实践的基础上，系统总结、介绍了当前我国农业生态工程10种主要的技术类型：充分利用空间和土地资源的农林立体结构生态系统；物质能量多层分级利用系统；水陆交换的物质循环生态系统；相互促进的生物物种共生生态系统；农-渔-禽水生生态系统；多功能的污水自净工程系统；山区综合开发的复合生态系统；沿海滩涂和荡滩资源开发利用的湿地生态系统；以庭院经济为主的院落生态系统；多功能的农副工联合生态系统。

关键词：农业生态工程生态农业技术类型

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Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-North

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 459-473 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0288-9

摘要： The Middle Route Project(MRP) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China. An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential. This paper establishes an analytic framework of eco-compensation standard for the protection of the water source area, including both the calculation of eco-compensation based on opportunity cost method (OCM) and calculation of the burden sharing of eco-compensation between the water source area and the external water reception area based on the deviation square method (DSM). Taking Shiyan City, Hubei Province in China as a case study, our results show that the eco-compensation in the first-phase of MRP for the water source area in Shiyan, Hubei Province should be 1.63×10 CNY, about four times of planned eco-construction investment budget(4.33×10 CNY). In addition, the burden sharing of eco-compensation varied greatly in terms of different methods. It would be better to integrate the results of different single-factor burden sharing methods by determining the corresponding weighting coefficient with DSM and form one unanimous consent result by the interested parties.

关键词： the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme eco-compensation standard opportunity costs deviation square method

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Removal and recovery of toxic nanosized Cerium Oxide using eco-friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Kanha Gupta, Nitin Khandelwal, Gopala Krishna Darbha

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1194-4

摘要： Eco-friendly IONPs were synthesized through solvothermal method. IONPs show very high removal efficiency for CeO2 NPs i.e. 688 mg/g. Removal was >90% in all synthetic and real water samples. >80% recovery of CeO2 NPs through sonication confirms reusability of IONPs. Increasing applications of metal oxide nanoparticles and their release in the natural environment is a serious concern due to their toxic nature. Therefore, it is essential to have eco-friendly solutions for the remediation of toxic metal oxides in an aqueous environment. In the present study, eco-friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are synthesized using solvothermal technique and successfully characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM respectively) and powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD). These IONPs were further utilized for the remediation of toxic metal oxide nanoparticle, i.e., CeO2. Sorption experiments were also performed in complex aqueous solutions and real water samples to check its applicability in the natural environment. Reusability study was performed to show cost-effectiveness. Results show that these 200 nm-sized spherical IONPs, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis, were magnetite (Fe3O4) and contained short-range crystallinity as confirmed from XRD spectra. Sorption experiments show that the composite follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Further R2>0.99 for Langmuir sorption isotherm suggests chemisorption as probable removal mechanism with monolayer sorption of CeO2 NPs on IONP. More than 80% recovery of adsorbed CeO2 NPs through ultrasonication and magnetic separation of reaction precipitate confirms reusability of IONPs. Obtained removal % of CeO2 in various synthetic and real water samples was>90% signifying that IONPs are candidate adsorbent for the removal and recovery of toxic metal oxide nanoparticles from contaminated environmental water samples.

关键词： Adsorption toxic metal oxide remediation eco-friendly IONP Iron oxide CeO₂ removal

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生态文明建设若干战略研究

“生态文明建设若干战略问题研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 1-7

摘要：

为实现我国从“工业文明”到“生态文明”的转变，2013年中国工程院联合国家开发银行股份有限公司和清华大学开展了“生态文明建设若干战略问题研究”重大咨询研究项目。研究从战略层面探索生态文明建设的三大支柱（资源节约、生态安全和环境保护）如何与新型工业化、城镇化、农业现代化相融合等重大战略问题。研究提出了国土生态安全与水土资源配置格局、生态文明建设中的能源可持续发展战略、生态保护和建设战略、环境保护战略、新型工业化战略、新型城镇化战略、农业现代化战略、绿色消费与文化教育战略、绿色交通运输战略；提出了“十三五”时期生态文明建设目标与重点任务以及生态文明建设政策保障，为国家加快推进生态文明建设提供决策支撑。

关键词：生态文明建设；工程科技；战略

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标题作者时间类型操作

Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China

Wei YANG, Fengjun JIN, Chengjin WANG, Chen LV

期刊论文

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Jiansu MAO, Yanchun DU, Linyu XU, Yong ZENG

期刊论文

Optimization of remanufacturing process routes oriented toward eco-efficiency

Hong PENG, Han WANG, Daojia CHEN

期刊论文