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Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0268-y

摘要： Climate change and rapid urbanization are pressing environmental and social concerns, with approximately 56% of the global population living in urban areas. This number is expected to rise to 68% by 2050, leading to the expansion of cities and encroachment upon natural areas, including wetlands, causing their degradation and fragmentation. To mitigate these challenges, green and blue infrastructures (GBIs), such as constructed wetlands, have been proposed to emulate and replace the functions of natural wetlands. This study evaluates the potential of eight constructed wetlands near Beijing, China, focusing on their ecosystem services (ESs), cost savings related to human health, growing/maintenance expenses, and disservices using an emergy-based assessment procedure. The results indicate that all constructed wetlands effectively purify wastewater, reducing nutrient concentrations (e.g., total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids). Among the studied wetlands, the integrated vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW-4) demonstrates the highest wastewater purification capability (1.63E+14 sej/m²/yr) compared to other types (6.78E+13 and 2.08E+13 sej/m²/yr). Additionally, constructed wetlands contribute to flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, wildlife habitat protection, and carbon sequestration, resembling the functions of natural wetlands. However, the implementation of constructed wetlands in cities is not without challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, green waste management, mosquito issues, and disturbances in the surrounding urban areas, negatively impacting residents. The ternary phase diagram reveals that all constructed wetlands provide more benefits than costs and impacts. CW-4 shows the highest benefit‒cost ratio, reaching 50%, while free water surface constructed wetland (CW-3) exhibits the lowest benefits (approximately 38%), higher impacts (approximately 25%), and lower costs (approximately 37%) compared to other wetlands. The study advocates the use of an emergy approach as a reliable method to assess the quality of constructed wetlands, providing valuable insights for policymakers in selecting suitable constructed wetlands for effective urban ecological management.

关键词： constructed wetland emergy ecosystem services disservices ternary diagram

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CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444

摘要：

Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO₂concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH₄ started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.

关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems

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Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County

Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 743-752 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0385-4

摘要： Besides crops, agriculture supplies all three major categories of ecosystem services (ES). However, agriculture also supplies an array of ecosystem dis-services (EDS) that may harm other ecosystems. The flows of ES and EDS are directly dependent on the management of agricultural ecosystems. The traditional method of Chinese agriculture, which supports sustainable agriculture, has been proven to increase ES and reduce EDS. However, there is a lack of a detailed understanding of the ES and EDS associated with traditional agriculture, and also of differences between traditional and modern agriculture. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem dis-services (EDS) of traditional and modern agriculture in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Afterwards, the economic values of ES and EDS were quantified experimentally and calculated based on the market price. The results show that: the net economic value of traditional rice-fish agriculture was 3.31×10 CNY·ha (6.83 CNY= 1 USD as of July, 2009) and that of rice monoculture was 1.99×10 CNY·ha . Significant differences existed between traditional rice-fish and rice monoculture fields for their economic values of some ES or EDS. A benefit and cost analysis (BCA) model was used to adjust the conflict between the economic income and environmental loss from traditional and modern agriculture. The BCA model not only calculates the net income but also monetizes the EDS of the agricultural systems. The results showed that the net income of rice-fish agriculture was 1.94×10 CNY·ha higher than that of rice monoculture. However, the benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of rice-fish agriculture was lower than that of rice monoculture, indicating that the traditional agricultural model was not the most optimized choice for farmers. The value of the rice-fish agriculture was much higher than that of the rice monoculture. Thus, when considering the benefits that rice-fish agriculture contributes to the large-scale society, these agricultural methods needs to be utilized. Furthermore, the labor opportunity costs were calculated and the comprehensive value of rice monoculture was negative. Finally, the compensation standard was calculated based on the comprehensive benefit analysis. The lowest level was 1.09×10 CNY·ha , and the highest level was 1.21×10 CNY·ha .

关键词： traditional agriculture rice-fish agriculture rice monoculture benefit and cost analysis (BCA) ecosystem services (ES) ecosystem dis-services (EDS)

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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 197-213 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021433

摘要：

Interactions between above and below ground parts of plants can be considered under the (overlapping) categories of energy, material and information. Solar energy powers photosynthesis and transpiration by above ground structures, and drives most water uptake through roots and supplies energy as organic matter to below ground parts, including diazotrophic symbionts and mycorrhizas. Material transfer occurs as water and dissolved soil-derived elements transport up the xylem, and a small fraction of water moving up the xylem with dissolved organic carbon and other solutes down the phloem. The cytosolic nature of sieve tubes accounts for at least some of the cycling of K, Mg and P down the phloem. NO₃^– assimilation of above ground parts requires organic N transport down phloem with, in some cases, organic anions related to shoot acid-base regulation. Long-distance information transfer is related development, biotic and abiotic damage, and above and below ground resource excess and limitation. Information transfer can involve hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, with their varying speeds of transmission and information content. Interaction of above and below ground plant parts is an important component of the ecosystem service of storing atmospheric CO₂ as organic C in soil, a process that has decreased since the origin of agriculture.

关键词： aerenchyma / carbon accumulation / hormones / phloem / xylem

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DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021392

摘要：

Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development ， crop diversification ， cropping system modeling ， ecosystem services ， sustainable agriculture

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草地生态系统服务经济价值评估研究

黄季焜,侯玲玲,亢楠楠,刘会芳,吕欣欣,张岩,仇焕广,龚亚珍,南志标

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第1期页码 198-206 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.015

摘要：

草地是我国面积第二大的陆地生态系统，生态系统服务功能突出，但蕴含的经济价值和相应实现机制有待深入研究。本文基于现有文献，系统评估了全球和中国的草地生态系统服务经济价值与时空变动规律，完成了部分主要生态价值的实证研究。结果表明，全球草地生态服务价值年均为2.19×1013美元，相当于2020 年全球国内生产总值（GDP）的16.4%；中国草地年均生态服务价值为6.22×1012元（相当于2020 年GDP的6.13%或农业GDP的80%），其中草地生态调节功能占比为84%，集中在西藏、内蒙、新疆、青海等省份；生态服务经济价值随着经济发展而不断提高。研究发现，草地生态系统在旅游文
化、防沙固沙等方面的潜在经济价值相比已有文献结果更高，但实现相应价值面临诸多挑战。文章提出了提升和实现草地生态服务经济价值的发展战略、试点示范工程、保障措施等建议，以期为该领域发展及实践研究提供参考。

关键词：草地生态系统服务；经济价值；价值实现；生态保护补偿

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FLOWERING PLANTS AND ENTOMOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A PRACTISE-ORIENTED SUMMARY OF A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 63-74 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021427

摘要：

There is a growing demand for high-quality agricultural products and more countries have adopted landscape management by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields as an important branch of conservation biological control. However, there has been less concern over the interactions and trade-offs between floral plants and entomophagous arthropods. This paper review progress in pollen/nectar feeding habits of entomophagous insects including parasitoids and predators which are important natural enemies of crop pests in agricultural fields. Factors that influence the preference of different guilds of natural enemies are reviewed to guide the selection of flowering plants in conservation biological control practices. Most studies find that floral resources have positive effects on both biological traits of natural enemies and their abundance and diversity, and this is believed to contribute greatly to pest control. Furthermore, the potential impacts of floral resources on crop yields are also discussed with an emphasis on a guild of entomophagous insects that provides both pest control and pollination services.

关键词： ecosystem services / flowering plants / natural enemies / nectar / pollen

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Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 640-657 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0549-5

摘要： Nexus security is a compound mix of ideas: reconciling human needs and wants with access to multiple resources; diversity of access to those resources and services; resilience in the face of weather- and climate-related variability; resilience likewise in the face of infrastructure failure; and the personal, individual sense of belonging. At the level of Systems Thinking there is a very close relationship between resilience in the behavior of natural (ecological) systems and resilience in the social dynamics of governance within communities, where such resilience establishes the viability of these communities over centuries, which in turn entails successful stewardship of the man-environment relationship. We use insights from this cross-system mapping — across natural, built, and human systems — to assess, first, the role of city governance in achieving nexus security (or not) and, second, the role of technological innovations in serving the same purpose. More specifically, eight principles, covering resilience and diversity of access to resources and services, are used to gauge security-enhancing features of city buildings and infrastructure. Case studies include new designs of resilient office blocks, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) recovery systems for sanitation and wastewater treatment, and the reconstruction of urban parks for the provision of ecosystem services. Throughout the paper, matters of risk in the face of meteorological variability are prominent. We do not conclude, however, that the presence of risk implies nexus security.

关键词： cities as forces for good climate variability ecosystem services energy and nutrient recovery infrastructure failure urban metabolism

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Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

Leslie G. FIRBANK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291

摘要：

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.

关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization

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HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437

摘要：

To achieve the triple challenge of food security, reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change, there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural, value-chain practices and decision-making. By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs, provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, enhance plant, microbe and animal biodiversity, and mitigate against climate change. In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability, resilience and provision of ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions. Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients. Additionally, this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions. We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation. We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient, sustainable, and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production, and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.

关键词： diversification / ecological principles / legumes / plant management / soil management / soil ecosystem services

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秦巴山脉区域生态系统服务重要性评价及生态安全格局构建

宋婷,李岱青,张林波,王光镇,高艳妮,杨春艳,冯朝阳,马欢

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第1期页码 64-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.007

摘要：

秦巴山脉地区生态系统的生态安全格局对维护我国中部地区生态系统结构健康、控制生态过程起着关键性的作用，构建合理的生态安全格局是保障该地区生态安全的有效措施。本研究在对秦巴山脉地区水源涵养、物种多样性、生态固碳和土壤保持服务功能重要性评估的基础上，根据这四项生态服务功能在生态资产价值中所占比重赋予权重，结合生态系统敏感性分析结果，采用景观生态的源汇理论，利用热点分析工具识别秦巴山脉地区生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道，在此基础上结合区域内河流水系、关键物种分布特征、自然保护区分布等要素形成带状生态廊道和踏脚石生态廊道；最终形成由6 大重要生态斑块、10 条河流廊道、2 条生物通道，以及26 处踏脚石廊道组成的秦巴山脉地区生态安全格局。基于生态系统服务功能重要性的生态安全格局构建，是在生态服务现状基础上提出的规划策略，可为秦巴山脉地区国家公园规划布局，区域生态保护规划和生态文明建设提供重要依据。

关键词：秦巴山脉区域生态系统服务生态安全格局生态源地生态廊道

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DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021392

摘要： Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop diversification cropping system modeling ecosystem services sustainable agriculture

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Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study of Changshu in eastern coastal China

Yurui LI, Hualou LONG, Yansui LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 438-448 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0273-3

摘要： The interactions among industrial development, land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmental effects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China were analyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and water environmental quality monitoring data from research institutes and governmental departments. Three phases of industrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e., the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000 to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapid urbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changed drastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterized by major replacements of farmland by urban and rural settlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land. Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structure adjustment, and rural housing construction were the major socio-economic driving forces of LUCC in Changshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystem services in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990–2000, but increased significantly during 2000–2006. Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu, especially in rural areas, has not yet been improved significantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increased attention to fully realize the role of land supply in adjustment of environment-friendly industrial structure and urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating the land management and environmental protection policies into an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.

关键词： industrial development land use/cover change (LUCC) driving forces environmental effects ecosystem services value (ESV) water environmental quality Changshu

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Project management maturity in construction consulting services: Case of Expo in China

Yongkui LI, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 384-395 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0070-z

摘要： For many years, project management maturity models (PMMM) derived from the software industry have brought immeasurable benefits. However, the adoption and investigation of PMMM in the construction field have been weak and insufficient, particularly in construction consulting services (CCS). Moreover, professionals have gradually realized the importance of non-process factors (e.g., teamwork, culture, leadership) in the evaluation of PMMM. This study describes the construction of PMMM for CCS that considers non-process factors and combines them with CCS-specific process factors. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conduct a case study on the overall project management consultancy for China’s 2010 Winter Expo. The results would fill in the PMMM research gap in CCS and provide practitioners with ideas to improve their performance.

关键词： construction consulting services project management maturity model non-process factors Expo

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Family planning technical services in China

Shang-Chun WU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 285-289 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0097-3

摘要： Family planning is a basic state policy in China. Its aim is to control population growth and to enhance population quality. Technical services are the key measures for implementing the family planning policy. In order to ensure that people use safe, effective, and appropriate contraceptive methods based on the government’s commitment, China has established countrywide family planning service networks down to the township level. The people can access various and convenient contraceptive services. In urban areas, all contraceptive services are free. The contraceptive prevalence rate in 2007 was 84.6%, the percentage of intrauterine device (IUD) was 52.3%, that of female sterilization was 32.3%, and that of vasectomy was 6.1%. This means that more than 90% of married childbearing couples were using long-term contraceptives. At the same time, the government gives priority to supporting research on contraceptive technology. Studies’ results have provided scientific evidence for development, introduction, and expansion of contraceptive methods, and also for establishment and revision of the technical guidelines. Great efforts have been made in promoting “human-oriented and client-centered” services during the recent ten years. Remarkable success has been achieved in improving the quality of technical services.

关键词： family planning contraceptive method service delivery

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标题作者时间类型操作

Urban constructed wetlands: Assessing ecosystem services and disservices for safe, resilient, and sustainable

期刊论文

CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

期刊论文

Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County

Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG

期刊论文

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND PLANT STRUCTURES: MECHANISMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

期刊论文

DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

期刊论文

草地生态系统服务经济价值评估研究

黄季焜,侯玲玲,亢楠楠,刘会芳,吕欣欣,张岩,仇焕广,龚亚珍,南志标

期刊论文

FLOWERING PLANTS AND ENTOMOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS IN THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A PRACTISE-ORIENTED SUMMARY OF A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP

期刊论文

Nexus security: governance, innovation and the resilient city

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

期刊论文

Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

Leslie G. FIRBANK

期刊论文

HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE FROM STUDIES DEPLOYING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

期刊论文

秦巴山脉区域生态系统服务重要性评价及生态安全格局构建

宋婷,李岱青,张林波,王光镇,高艳妮,杨春艳,冯朝阳,马欢

期刊论文

DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG

期刊论文

Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study of Changshu in eastern coastal China

Yurui LI, Hualou LONG, Yansui LIU

期刊论文

Project management maturity in construction consulting services: Case of Expo in China

Yongkui LI, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG