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关于推进国家应急平台建设的建议

龙彧

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第9期页码 87-90

摘要：

推进应急平台信息系统建设是加强应急管理的技术基础，是当前的一项核心任务。几年来，我国在推进国家应急平台的建设方面取得了较快的进展，但是也存在着一些问题。文章在进行综合分析的基础上，提出了如何完善国家应急平台建设的一系列建议。

关键词：应急平台应急管理突发事件系统建设

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The Routine and Emergency Coordinated Management of Public Security

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 331-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015063

摘要： The paper presents a study based on the observation of public security programme situations. Nowadays, public security management is faced with challenges such as the increase in non-traditional safety threats, high occurrence probability, obvious complex chain reactions, high security demand, vulnerable bearing systems and world-wide influences. For the new adapted requirements of public security management, this paper puts forward the concept of the coordinated routine and emergency management, which combines the routine management at normal status and the emergency management at the abnormal status based on the whole process of public security management. This paper analyzes the coordinated management system and establishes the decision-making objectives, decision-making model and constraints. In addition, this paper proposes the basic strategy of achieving the coordinated management of public security.

关键词： public security routine management emergency management coordinated management

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Risk warning technologies and emergency response mechanisms in Sichuan–Tibet Railway construction

Liujiang KANG, Hao LI, Cong LI, Na XIAO, Huijun SUN, Nsabimana BUHIGIRO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 582-594 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0151-7

摘要： Safety is one of the most critical themes in any large-scale railway construction project. Recognizing the importance of safety in railway engineering, practitioners and researchers have proposed various standards and procedures to ensure safety in construction activities. In this study, we first review four critical research areas of risk warning technologies and emergency response mechanisms in railway construction, namely, (i) risk identification methods of large-scale railway construction projects, (ii) risk management of large-scale railway construction, (iii) emergency response planning and management, and (iv) emergency response and rescue mechanisms. After reviewing the existing studies, we present four corresponding research areas and recommendations on the Sichuan–Tibet Railway construction. This study aims to inject new significant theoretical elements into the decision-making process and construction of this railway project in China.

关键词： railway construction risk warning technologies emergency response mechanisms Sichuan–Tibet Railway

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Research on Emergency Management System for Military Engineering Projects

Mao-guang Lin,Qian-kun Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 154-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015028

摘要： Emergency management systems for military engineering projects have been established to enhance the capacities of wartime logistics and emergency logistical support. This study focuses on the combat characteristics of the warfare information system and based on analysis of emergency response for military combat systems, utilizes the concept of systematic combat and comprehensive integrated approach to investigate management of military engineering projects. Also, a basic mode for emergency management of military engineering projects based on the concept of “pre-war intelligent engineering on demand, wartime early engagement warning and monitoring, post-war emergency repair and rescue” and “strategic, comprehensive, integrated response” is proposed.

关键词： military engineering projects emergency management system

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Clinical decision-making by the emergency department resident physicians for critically ill patients

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 89-93 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0183-9

摘要：

The application of main methodologies for clinical decision-making by residents in emergency medical practice was assessed, and issues in this area were investigated. The treatments provided to 2 611 critical patients by the Peking Union Medical College Hospital of were analyzed by independent investigators who evaluated the main clinical decision-making processes applied by the hospital residents. The application of decision-making strategies by PG1 and PG3 groups, which means the residents in first year and the third year, were compared. The patients were treated according to pattern recognition (43.0%), hypothetico-deductive reasoning (23.4%), event-driven models (19.3%), and rule-using algorithms (5.9%). A significant difference was found between PG1 and PG3 groups (χ²=498.01, P<0.001). Pattern recognition and hypothetic-deductive methods were the most common techniques applied by emergency physicians in evaluating critically ill patients. The decision-making processes applied by junior and senior residents were significantly different, although neither group adequately applied rule-using algorithms. Inclusion of clinical decision-making in medical curricula is needed to improve decision-making in critical care.

关键词： clinical decision-making emergency medicine critically ill patient resident methodology

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Multi-stage emergency medicine logistics system optimization based on survival probability

Ke WANG, Yixin LIANG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 221-228 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017020

摘要： Using sudden cardiac deaths as an example and maximizing survival rate as the goal, this paper studies the influence of multi-stage medical logistics system optimization on the survival rate of sudden illness. A distribution model of survival is built, drone and ambulance arrival probability over time are discussed, a formula is proposed for maximum possible survival rate based on the probability of emergency medical logistics reaching the patient, and the results are analyzed using empirical data fitting distribution and numerical experiments performed with the model. The model is discussed as a reference point for management decision making by changing model parameters. Results show that compared to using current ambulance vehicles, ambulance drones delivering medical equipment for first aid on-site in emergencies can significantly increase survival rate, and the effect of collaborative multi-stage logistics optimization is better than that of any single stage logistics response optimization. Simulation results show that the medical rescue logistics service radius, speed, loading capacity and performance of ambulance drones impact the probability of survival, and there is an optimal service radius depending on the shape of probability distribution, which provides new information for management decisions.

关键词： emergency medicine logistics ambulance drone survival probability critical illness

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Decision Support System for emergency scheduling of raw water supply systems with multiple sources

Qi WANG, Shuming LIU, Wenjun LIU, Zoran KAPELAN, Dragan SAVIC

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 777-786 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0537-9

摘要： A hydraulic model-based emergency scheduling Decision Support System (DSS) is designed to eliminate the impact of sudden contamination incidents occurring upstream in raw water supply systems with multiple sources. The DSS consists of four functional modules, including water quality prediction, system safety assessment, emergency strategy inference and scheduling optimization. The work flow of the DSS is as follows. First, the water quality variations on specific cross-sections are calculated given the pollution information. Next, a comprehensive evaluation on the safety of the current system is conducted using the outputs in the first module. This will assist in the assessment of whether the system is in danger of failure, taking both the impact of pollution and system capacity into account. If there is a severe impact of contamination on the reliability of the system, a fuzzy logic based inference module is employed to generate reasonable strategies including technical measures. Otherwise, a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization model will be used to find the least-cost scheduling plan. The proposed DSS has been applied to a coastal city in South China during a saline tide period as validation. Through scenario analysis, it is demonstrated that this DSS tool is instrumental in emergency scheduling for the water company to quickly and effectively respond to sudden contamination incidents.

关键词： decision support system raw water supply system contamination incident emergency scheduling hydraulic model safety assessment

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Non-electric welding and its application on equipment under emergency conditions

HU Junzhi, HU Chunhua, MA Shining, XIN Wentong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 239-242 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0042-6

摘要： This paper introduces the working principle, characteristics, development, welding techniques, and applications of non-electric welding. We analyzed the microstructure of the welding bead and the tensile strength of the non-electric welded joints. The results indicate that the welding technique is simple, the performance of the welding line is excellent, and that the application is broad. Therefore, non-electric welding shows favorable application value and potential prospect.

关键词： development strength technique application favorable application

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汶川地震应急救援科学启示种种

徐德诗

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 100-106

摘要：

通过对汶川巨灾震惊世界的抗震救灾实践的研究，获得对地震应急救援的科学启示种种，如抢救生命第一、信息维系生命、应急预案突破、专业紧急救援起作用、公众科学素质经受检验等。抓住种种启示，以人为本，完善地震应急救援体系建设，就能够随时做好巨灾应急救援的准备，实现保护人民生命、减少财产损失的目标。

关键词：汶川地震地震应急救援科学启示

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Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident-technology and practice in China

Xiaojian ZHANG , Chao CHEN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 364-368 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0027-2

摘要： An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.

关键词： emergency drinking water treatment water pollution adsorption oxidation precipitation

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当前网络安全形势与应急响应

刘欣然,李柏松,常安琪、鲁辉、田志宏

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 83-88 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.017

摘要：

随着互联网应用的迅速发展，各种网络安全威胁不断出现。本文介绍了网络安全所呈现的特点以及目前所面临的形势。攻击方法的更新、攻击技术的提升以及攻击范围的扩大给应急工作带来了考验。应急工作的管理现状存在一定的问题，在核心技术、安全保障方面都比较落后。借鉴传统领域的应急体系，改善当前应急技术措施成为网络安全工作的重要部分。针对新时期的网络安全应急工作环境，提出了调动体系力量，多方联动的消除方法，从体制和机制等方面来进行保证，以防止网络威胁产生的巨大影响。

关键词：网络安全威胁信息安全应急响应应急体系

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中国公共卫生应急指挥体系探析

薛澜,彭宗超,钟开斌,吕孝礼,黄严忠,胡颖廉,孔锋

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.001

摘要：

2003 年抗击严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）之后，我国逐步形成了以“一案三制”为核心的国家应急管理体系。党的十八大以来，随着党和国家更加重视应急管理工作，特别是2018 年应急管理部成立、2020 年新冠肺炎应对取得重大战略成果，我国应急管理事业进入了新的发展阶段。为全面了解我国公共卫生应急指挥体系的演变历程、现状特征和面临的挑战，以期更好完善我国公共卫生应急指挥体系，本文采用文献调研、理论分析和案例对比等多种方法，梳理比较了SARS、甲型H1N1 流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎防控应急指挥体系，总结提出了中国公共卫生应急指挥体系建设的改进对策。结果发现，我国公共卫生应急指挥体系在多次重大突发公共卫生事件的应急实践中发挥了重要作用并不断发展进步，同时我国公共卫生应急指挥体系在领导体制、运行机制等方面也面临着诸多挑战。基于此，本文从完善联防联控机制、加强应急法制建设、强化专家咨询作用、明确央地权责等方面，有针对性地提出了政策建议。

关键词：公共卫生，应急指挥体系，应急体系演变，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，联防联控机制

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Development and application of a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion in the emergency response

CHI Bing, LI Hong, FANG Dong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 195-201 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0025-7

摘要： Plume concentration prediction is one of the main contents of radioactive consequence assessment for early emergency response to nuclear accidents. Random characteristics of atmospheric diffusion itself was described, a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion (Random Walk) was introduced and compared with the Lagrangian puff model (RIMPUFF) in the nuclear emergency decision support system (RODOS) developed by the European Community for verification. The results show the concentrations calculated by the two models are quite close except that the plume area calculated by Random Walk is a little smaller than that by RIMPUFF. The random walk model for atmospheric diffusion can simulate the atmospheric diffusion in case of nuclear accidents, and provide more actual information for early emergency and consequence assessment as one of the atmospheric diffusion module of the nuclear emergency decision support system.

关键词： RODOS concentration prediction information nuclear RIMPUFF

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Two-echelon Emergency Response Problem and Simulation Considering Secondary Disasters

Han-peng Zhang,Yi Liao,Hui-xia Luo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 318-321 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014042

摘要： It is necessary for subsequent resource distribution planning that get expected relief time considering secondary disasters after natural disaster. The goal of this research is to develop a two-echelon emergency resource distribution model under condition of secondary disasters. Taking minimal maximize relief time as criterion of relief performance, we developed response strategies and simulation model to get the expected value. Numerical studies of this paper presented the result of response strategies.

关键词： simulation secondary disasters two-echelon vehicle routing model