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End-of-pipe or process-integrated: evidence from LMDI decomposition of China’s SO

Pingdan ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 867-874 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0541-0

摘要: In this study, reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO ) emission is decomposed into three parts: source prevention, process control and end-of-pipe treatment, using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method (LMDI). Source prevention and process control are defined as process-integrated treatment. It is found that from 2001 to 2010 the reduction of SO emission density in China was mainly contributed by end-of-pipe treatment. From the 10th Five Year Plan (FYP) period (2001–2005) to the 11th FYP period (2006–2010), the Chinese government has attempted to enhance process-integrated treatment. However, given its initial effort, the effect is limited compared with that of the end-of-pipe treatment. The effectiveness of environmental regulation and technology in the reduction of SO density in 30 provinces (municipality/autonomous regions) from 2001 to 2010 is also investigated. This implies that environmental regulation and technology promote process control and end-of-pipe treatment significantly, but does not influence source prevention. Furthermore, environmental technology will only take effect under the circumstances of stringent environmental regulation. Therefore, to fulfill the whole process treatment, environmental regulation should be strengthened and environmental technology upgraded at the same time.

关键词: end-of-pipe     process-integrated     Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method (LMDI)     environmental regulation     environmental technology    

Major applications of heat pipe and its advances coupled with sorption system: a review

Yang YU, Guoliang AN, Liwei WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 172-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0610-6

摘要: Heat pipe utilizes continuous phase change process within a small temperature drop to achieve high thermal conductivity. For decades, heat pipes coupled with novel emerging technologies and methods (using nanofluids and self-rewetting fluids) have been highly appreciated, along with which a number of advances have taken place. In addition to some typical applications of thermal control and heat recovery, the heat pipe technology combined with the sorption technology could efficiently improve the heat and mass transfer performance of sorption systems for heating, cooling and cogeneration. However, almost all existing studies on this combination or integration have not concentrated on the principle of the sorption technology with acting as the heat pipe technology for continuous heat transfer. This paper presents an overview of the emerging working fluids, the major applications of heat pipe, and the advances in heat pipe type sorption system. Besides, the ongoing and perspectives of the solid sorption heat pipe are presented, expecting to serve as useful guides for further investigations and new research potentials.

关键词: heat pipe     sorption system     heat transfer     solid sorption heat pipe    

Design and analyses of open-ended pipe piles in cohesionless soils

Yuan GUO,Xiong (Bill) YU

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 22-29 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0314-5

摘要: Large open-ended pipe pile has been found to be advantageous for use in transportation projects. The current design method, however, is not adequately developed. To close this practice gap, this paper first summarized different design methods for open-ended pipe piles in sandy soils. A major factor for all the design codes is to properly account for the formation and effects of soil plug. The comparison indicates that there is a large variation in the base capacity evaluation among different methods due to the complex behaviors of soil plug. To close the knowledge gap, discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the soil plugging process and provide insight on the plugging mechanism. The simulation results show that the arching effect significantly increases the internal unit shear resistance along pipe piles. The porosity distribution and particle contact force distribution from DEM model indicate a large stress concentration occurs at the bottom of the soil plug. Besides, nearly 90% of the plug resistance is provided by the bottom half portion of the soil column. The soil-pile friction coefficient has a significant effect on the magnitude of plug resistance, with the major transition occurred for friction coefficient between 0.3 and 0.4.

关键词: open-ended pipe pile     soil plug     DEM     base capacity    

Topology-independent end-to-end learning model for improving the voltage profile in microgrids-integrated

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 211-227 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0847-3

摘要: With multiple microgrids (MGs) integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner, the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic (PV) power generation surges. However, the operation of power distribution networks is challenged by the issues of multiple power flow directions and voltage security. Accordingly, an efficient voltage control strategy is needed to ensure voltage security against ever-changing operating conditions, especially when the network topology information is absent or inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven voltage profile improvement model, denoted as system-wide composite adaptive network (SCAN), which depends on operational data instead of network topology details in the context of power distribution networks integrated with multiple MGs. Unlike existing studies that realize topology identification and decision-making optimization in sequence, the proposed end-to-end model determines the optimal voltage control decisions in one shot. More specifically, the proposed model consists of four modules, Pre-training Network and modified interior point methods with adversarial networks (Modified IPMAN) as core modules, and discriminator generative adversarial network (Dis-GAN) and Volt convolutional neural network (Volt-CNN) as ancillary modules. In particular, the generator in SCAN is trained by the core modules in sequence so as to form an end-to-end mode from data to decision. Numerical experiments based on IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词: end-to-end learning     microgrids     voltage profile improvement     generative adversarial network    

Group-based multiple pipe routing method for aero-engine focusing on parallel layout

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 798-813 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0645-3

摘要: External pipe routing for aero-engine in limited three-dimensional space is a typical nondeterministic polynomial hard problem, where the parallel layout of pipes plays an important role in improving the utilization of layout space, facilitating pipe assembly, and maintenance. This paper presents an automatic multiple pipe routing method for aero-engine that focuses on parallel layout. The compressed visibility graph construction algorithm is proposed first to determine rapidly the rough path and interference relationship of the pipes to be routed. Based on these rough paths, the information of pipe grouping and sequencing are obtained according to the difference degree and interference degree, respectively. Subsequently, a coevolutionary improved differential evolution algorithm, which adopts the coevolutionary strategy, is used to solve multiple pipe layout optimization problem. By using this algorithm, pipes in the same group share the layout space information with one another, and the optimal layout solution of pipes in this group can be obtained in the same evolutionary progress. Furthermore, to eliminate the minor angle deviation of parallel pipes that would cause assembly stress in actual assembly, an accurate parallelization processing method based on the simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. Finally, the simulation results on an aero-engine demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词: multiple pipe routing     optimization algorithm     aero-engine     pipe grouping     parallel layout    

A review of nondestructive examination technology for polyethylene pipe in nuclear power plant

Jinyang ZHENG, Yue ZHANG, Dongsheng HOU, Yinkang QIN, Weican GUO, Chuck ZHANG, Jianfeng SHI

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第13卷 第4期   页码 535-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0515-9

摘要:

Polyethylene (PE) pipe, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, has been successfully utilized to transport cooling water for both non-safety- and safety-related applications in nuclear power plant (NPP). Though ASME Code Case N755, which is the first code case related to NPP HDPE pipe, requires a thorough nondestructive examination (NDE) of HDPE joints. However, no executable regulations presently exist because of the lack of a feasible NDE technique for HDPE pipe in NPP. This work presents a review of current developments in NDE technology for both HDPE pipe in NPP with a diameter of less than 400 mm and that of a larger size. For the former category, phased array ultrasonic technique is proven effective for inspecting typical defects in HDPE pipe, and is thus used in Chinese national standards GB/T 29460 and GB/T 29461. A defect-recognition technique is developed based on pattern recognition, and a safety assessment principle is summa-rized from the database of destructive testing. On the other hand, recent research and practical studies reveal that in current ultrasonic-inspection technology, the absence of effective ultrasonic inspection for large size was lack of consideration of the viscoelasticity effect of PE on acoustic wave propagation in current ultrasonic inspection techno-logy. Furthermore, main technical problems were analyzed in the paper to achieve an effective ultrasonic test method in accordance to the safety and efficiency requirements of related regulations and standards. Finally, the development trend and challenges of NDE test technology for HDPE in NPP are discussed.

关键词: polyethylene pipe     nuclear power plant     ultrasonic inspection     nondestructive testing     safety assessment    

Calculation method of load distribution on pipe threaded connections under tension load

Shoujun CHEN, Lianxin GAO, Qi AN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 241-248 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0219-x

摘要:

This paper presents a new calculation method that can calculate the load distribution on pipe threaded connections under tension load. On the basis of elastic mechanics, the new method was developed by analyzing each thread tooth, and a new deformation and covariant equation by making a mechanics analysis on each thread tooth was obtained. Compared with the traditional method proposed by the previous references, the new deformation and covariant equation could be used to describe the relation between the previous and the next thread tooth. By applying the new method on the sample of P-110S pipe threaded connection, the obtained results show that the load on thread tooth mainly concentrates on the four or five threads engaged and the middle teeth were not utilized well to bear the loads. The model offers a new way to calculate the loads carried on the thread teeth under tension load.

关键词: load distribution     calculation method     pipe threaded connections     tension load    

NC flame pipe cutting machine tool based on open architecture CNC system

Xiaogen NIE, Yanbing LIU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第4卷 第2期   页码 147-152 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0025-x

摘要: Based on the analysis of the principle and flame movement of a pipe cutting machine tool, a retrofit NC flame pipe cutting machine tool (NFPCM) that can meet the demands of cutting various pipes is proposed. The paper deals with the design and implementation of an open architecture CNC system for the NFPCM, many of whose aspects are similar to milling machines; however, different from their machining processes and control strategies. The paper emphasizes on the NC system structure and the method for directly creating the NC file according to the cutting type and parameters. Further, the paper develops the program and sets up the open and module NC system.

关键词: flame pipe cutting     flame incision tracks     CNC     open architecture CNC system    

Branch-pipe-routing approach for ships using improved genetic algorithm

Haiteng SUI,Wentie NIU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第11卷 第3期   页码 316-323 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0384-z

摘要:

Branch-pipe routing plays fundamental and critical roles in ship-pipe design. The branch-pipe-routing problem is a complex combinatorial optimization problem and is thus difficult to solve when depending only on human experts. A modified genetic-algorithm-based approach is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. The simplified layout space is first divided into three-dimensional (3D) grids to build its mathematical model. Branch pipes in layout space are regarded as a combination of several two-point pipes, and the pipe route between two connection points is generated using an improved maze algorithm. The coding of branch pipes is then defined, and the genetic operators are devised, especially the complete crossover strategy that greatly accelerates the convergence speed. Finally, simulation tests demonstrate the performance of proposed method.

关键词: branch pipe     ship industry     piping system     optimization algorithm    

Assessment of glass fiber-reinforced polyester pipe powder in soil improvement

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 742-753 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0732-x

摘要: This study investigates the use of glass fiber-reinforced polyester (GRP) pipe powder (PP) for improving the bearing capacity of sandy soils. After a series of direct share tests, the optimum PP addition for improving the bearing capacity of soils was found to be 12%. Then, using the optimum PP addition, the bearing capacity of the soil was estimated through a series of loading tests on a shallow foundation model placed in a test box. The bearing capacity of sandy soil was improved by up to 30.7%. The ratio of the depth of the PP-reinforced soil to the diameter of the foundation model (H/D) of 1.25 could sufficiently strengthen sandy soil when the optimum PP ratio was used. Microstructural analyses showed that the increase in the bearing capacity can be attributed to the chopped fibers in the PP and their multiaxial distribution in the soil. Besides improving the engineering properties of soils, using PP as an additive in soils would reduce the accumulation of the industrial waste, thus providing a twofold benefit.

关键词: shallow foundation     sandy soil     bearing capacity     soil improvement     pipe powder    

Dynamic prediction of moving trajectory in pipe jacking: GRU-based deep learning framework

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》   页码 994-1010 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0942-5

摘要: The moving trajectory of the pipe-jacking machine (PJM), which primarily determines the end quality of jacked tunnels, must be controlled strictly during the entire jacking process. Developing prediction models to support drivers in performing rectifications in advance can effectively avoid considerable trajectory deviations from the designed jacking axis. Hence, a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based deep learning framework is proposed herein to dynamically predict the moving trajectory of the PJM. In this framework, operational data are first extracted from a data acquisition system; subsequently, they are preprocessed and used to establish GRU-based multivariate multistep-ahead direct prediction models. To verify the performance of the proposed framework, a case study of a large pipe-jacking project in Shanghai and comparisons with other conventional models (i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) network and recurrent neural network (RNN)) are conducted. In addition, the effects of the activation function and input time-step length on the prediction performance of the proposed framework are investigated and discussed. The results show that the proposed framework can dynamically and precisely predict the PJM moving trajectory during the pipe-jacking process, with a minimum mean absolute error and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.1904 and 0.5011 mm, respectively. The RMSE of the GRU-based models is lower than those of the LSTM- and RNN-based models by 21.46% and 46.40% at the maximum, respectively. The proposed framework is expected to provide an effective decision support for moving trajectory control and serve as a foundation for the application of deep learning in the automatic control of pipe jacking.

关键词: dynamic prediction     moving trajectory     pipe jacking     GRU     deep learning    

一种端到端语音合成中的高效解码自注意力网络 Research Article

赵伟1,2,许力1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第23卷 第7期   页码 1127-1138 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100501

摘要: 自注意力网络由于其并行结构和强大的序列建模能力,被广泛应用于语音合成(TTS)领域。然而,当使用自回归解码方法进行端到端语音合成时,由于序列长度的二次复杂性,其推理速度相对较慢。当部署设备未配备图形处理器(GPU)时,该效率问题更加严重。为解决该问题,提出一种高效解码自注意力网络(EDSA)作为替代。通过一个动态规划解码过程,有效加速TTS模型推理,使其具有线性计算复杂度。基于普通话和英文数据集的实验结果表明,所提EDSA模型在中央处理器(CPU)和GPU上的推理速度分别提高720%和50%,而性能几乎相同。因此,在GPU资源有限的情况下,该方法可使此类模型的部署更加容易。此外,所提模型在域外语言处理上可能比基线Transformer TTS性能更好。

关键词: 高效解码;端到端;自注意力网络;语音合成    

Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0994-7

摘要: As the Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) are upgraded more frequently in China, a large quantity of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) was and will be generated. It becomes an urgent issue to develop and adopt an effective End-of-Life (EoL) strategy for EEE in order to balance the resource recovery and environmental impacts. In an EoL strategy hierarchy for EEE, reuse strategy is usually deemed to be prior to materials recovery and other strategies. But in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are always context-dependent. Therefore, main EoL strategies for EEE in China need to be evaluated in environment and resources aspects from the life cycle perspective. In this study, the obsolete refrigerator and Power Supply Unit (PSU) of desktop PC are both taken as the target products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to assess the environmental impacts of different EoL scenarios in China: Unit Reuse Scenario (URS), Component Reuse Scenario (CRS) and Materials Recovery Scenario (MRS). The LCA results show that the EoL strategies hierarchy is reasonable for the part of computer, but not necessarily suitable for obsolete refrigerators. When the policy makers promote or demote one EoL strategy especially reuse, it is necessary to take subsequent impacts into consideration.

关键词: End-of-Life     Waste electrical and electronic equipment     Life cycle assessment     Reuse    

Development and application of high-end aerospace MEMS

Weizheng YUAN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第4期   页码 567-573 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0424-3

摘要:

This paper introduces the design and manufacturing technology of aerospace microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) characterized by high performance, multi-variety, and small batch. Moreover, several kinds of special MEMS devices with high precision, high reliability, and environmental adaptability, as well as their typical applications in the fields of aeronautics and aerospace, are presented.

关键词: MEMS     design and manufacture technology     aeronautic and aerospace    

Fictitious soil pile model for dynamic analysis of pipe piles under high-strain conditions

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》   页码 915-934 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0907-8

摘要: A fictitious soil pile (FSP) model is developed to simulate the behavior of pipe piles with soil plugs undergoing high-strain dynamic impact loading. The developed model simulates the base soil with a fictitious hollow pile fully filled with a soil plug extending at a cone angle from the pile toe to the bedrock. The friction on the outside and inside of the pile walls is distinguished using different shaft models, and the propagation of stress waves in the base soil and soil plug is considered. The motions of the pile−soil system are solved by discretizing them into spring-mass model based on the finite difference method. Comparisons of the predictions of the proposed model and conventional numerical models, as well as measurements for pipe piles in field tests subjected to impact loading, validate the accuracy of the proposed model. A parametric analysis is conducted to illustrate the influence of the model parameters on the pile dynamic response. Finally, the effective length of the FSP is proposed to approximate the affected soil zone below the pipe pile toe, and some guidance is provided for the selection of the model parameters.

关键词: fictitious soil pile     soil plug     pipe piles     high-strain dynamic analysis     one-dimensional wave theory     pile dynamics    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

End-of-pipe or process-integrated: evidence from LMDI decomposition of China’s SO

Pingdan ZHANG

期刊论文

Major applications of heat pipe and its advances coupled with sorption system: a review

Yang YU, Guoliang AN, Liwei WANG

期刊论文

Design and analyses of open-ended pipe piles in cohesionless soils

Yuan GUO,Xiong (Bill) YU

期刊论文

Topology-independent end-to-end learning model for improving the voltage profile in microgrids-integrated

期刊论文

Group-based multiple pipe routing method for aero-engine focusing on parallel layout

期刊论文

A review of nondestructive examination technology for polyethylene pipe in nuclear power plant

Jinyang ZHENG, Yue ZHANG, Dongsheng HOU, Yinkang QIN, Weican GUO, Chuck ZHANG, Jianfeng SHI

期刊论文

Calculation method of load distribution on pipe threaded connections under tension load

Shoujun CHEN, Lianxin GAO, Qi AN

期刊论文

NC flame pipe cutting machine tool based on open architecture CNC system

Xiaogen NIE, Yanbing LIU

期刊论文

Branch-pipe-routing approach for ships using improved genetic algorithm

Haiteng SUI,Wentie NIU

期刊论文

Assessment of glass fiber-reinforced polyester pipe powder in soil improvement

期刊论文

Dynamic prediction of moving trajectory in pipe jacking: GRU-based deep learning framework

期刊论文

一种端到端语音合成中的高效解码自注意力网络

赵伟1,2,许力1,2

期刊论文

Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

期刊论文

Development and application of high-end aerospace MEMS

Weizheng YUAN

期刊论文

Fictitious soil pile model for dynamic analysis of pipe piles under high-strain conditions

期刊论文