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Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

摘要： Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词： Beijing energy structure adjustment air quality Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) scenario

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新时期我国农业结构调整战略研究

罗其友, 刘洋, 唐华俊, 周振亚, 尤飞, 高明杰

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第5期页码 31-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.005

摘要：

在新形势下，我国农业的主要矛盾已由总量不足转变为结构性矛盾。适应农业发展新常态，调整优化农业结构，加快转变发展方式，推进农业供给侧结构性改革，成为当前我国农业发展的重要任务。本文从种植业结构、畜牧结构、产业结构、产品结构、空间结构5 个方面分析了当前我国农业结构存在的主要问题，阐述了新时期我国农业结构调整的战略构想，提出了种植业结构、畜牧业结构和产业结构的调整优化方案及相应的政策建议。

关键词：结构调整种植业结构畜牧业结构区域布局

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Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014057

摘要： Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transformation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

关键词： water resources capacity of water resources industrial transformation multi-objective programming

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近二十年能源结构调整使我国土壤多环芳烃浓度下降 Article

夏星辉, 刘亚男, 张真瑞, 席楠楠, 保嘉傲, 杨志峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 115-123 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.023

摘要：

近几十年来，我国在快速发展和工业化的同时，在环境污染防治方面也做出了巨大努力。然而，这些全国性措施（如能源结构调整）对土壤中污染物浓度的影响尚未得到很好的量化。多环芳烃（PAHs）污染在全球范围内引发重要关注，且PAHs排放与能源结构有关。因此，我们推测我国能源结构的调整可能会降低土壤中PAHs的含量。为了验证这一假设，我们于2008年和2019年在北京54个点位重复采集了土壤样品，分析了美国环境保护署（US EPA）提出的16种优控PAHs化合物（Σ16PAHs）的浓度，并收集了过去20年全国 1704 个土壤采样点的数据。结果表明，我国Σ16PAHs浓度沿城市-郊区-农村-背景点梯度下降，且Σ16PAHs浓度与区域总产值（GRP）有关，在GRP较低时Σ16PAHs浓度随GRP的增加而增加，随后在GRP达到一定水平时趋于平稳。过去20年，我国土壤Σ16PAH的平均浓度呈下降趋势，其中北京土壤Σ16PAHs的平均浓度从2008年的22.7 μg·g^-1总有机碳（TOC）显著下降到2019年的10.0 μg·g^-1 TOC。源识别分析推断，土壤PAHs浓度的下降趋势是由于我国煤炭、焦炭、部分油类消费量下降以及电力、天然气等清洁能源消费量上升所致。本研究例证了调整能源结构在降低土壤多环芳烃浓度和改善土壤环境质量中的重要作用。

关键词：多环芳烃土壤黑碳环境污染能源结构可持续发展

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基于食物消费变化的种养供需预测及结构调整路径研究

上官彩霞,路燕,景丽,杜涛,孙建军,张新友

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 128-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.004

摘要：

基于食物消费变化开展种养供需预测及结构调整，对坚守粮食安全底线、保障大食物供给总体安全具有重要意义。本文在系统梳理我国食物消费结构特征、种养发展态势的基础上，定量测算了与种养密切相关的口粮、饲料粮、粗饲料的需求端 / 供给端数据，获得了供需平衡分析结果。针对性提出了调整方向：重点扩大蛋白饲料作物、油料作物和优质牧草种植，稳定猪禽、大力发展草食畜牧业，强化大食物观理念、多途径开发食物来源。阐述了实现路径：优化种植结构和调整区域布局，发展种养结合循环农业，构建多元化食物供给体系，全面提升农业科技创新能力。研究建议，构建与大食物观相适应的政策体系和技术支撑体系，构建粮食产业资源配置向产地倾斜的政策体系，构建区域协同发展机制，调整口粮、饲料粮和饲草种植政策和统计口径，更好保障国家粮食安全。

关键词：食物消费变化；种养供需预测；种养结构调整；粮食安全

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Optimization of aero-engine pipeline for avoiding vibration based on length adjustment of straight-line

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期页码 11-11 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0667-x

摘要： In the design and troubleshooting of aero-engine pipeline, the vibration reduction of the pipeline system is often achieved by adjusting the hoop layout, provided that the shape of pipeline remains unchanged. However, in reality, the pipeline system with the best antivibration performance may be obtained only by adjusting the pipeline shape. In this paper, a typical spatial pipeline is taken as the research object, the length of straight-line segment is taken as the design variable, and an innovative optimization method of avoiding vibration of aero-engine pipeline is proposed. The relationship between straight-line segment length and parameters that determine the geometric characteristics of the pipeline, such as the position of key reference points, bending angle, and hoop position, are derived in detail. Based on this, the parametric finite element model of the pipeline system is established. Taking the maximum first-order natural frequency of pipeline as the optimization objective and introducing process constraints and vibration avoidance constraints, the optimization model of the pipeline system is established. The genetic algorithm and the golden section algorithm are selected to solve the optimization model, and the relevant solution procedure is described in detail. Finally, two kinds of pipelines with different total lengths are selected to carry out a case study. Based on the analysis of the influence of straight-line segment length on the vibration characteristics of the pipeline system, the optimization methods developed in this paper are demonstrated. Results show that the developed optimization method can obtain the optimal single value or interval of the straight-line segment length while avoiding the excitation frequency. In addition, the optimization efficiency of the golden section algorithm is remarkably higher than that of the genetic algorithm for length optimization of a single straight-line segment.

关键词： length adjustment spatial pipeline aero-engine vibration avoidance optimization genetic algorithm golden section algorithm

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Mechanical design and analysis of a novel variable stiffness actuator with symmetrical pivot adjustment

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 711-725 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0647-1

摘要： The safety of human–robot interaction is an essential requirement for designing collaborative robotics. Thus, this paper aims to design a novel variable stiffness actuator (VSA) that can provide safer physical human–robot interaction for collaborative robotics. VSA follows the idea of modular design, mainly including a variable stiffness module and a drive module. The variable stiffness module transmits the motion from the drive module in a roundabout manner, making the modularization of VSA possible. As the key component of the variable stiffness module, a stiffness adjustment mechanism with a symmetrical structure is applied to change the positions of a pair of pivots in two levers linearly and simultaneously, which can eliminate the additional bending moment caused by the asymmetric structure. The design of the double-deck grooves in the lever allows the pivot to move freely in the groove, avoiding the geometric constraint between the parts. Consequently, the VSA stiffness can change from zero to infinity as the pivot moves from one end of the groove to the other. To facilitate building a manipulator in the future, an expandable electrical system with a distributed structure is also proposed. Stiffness calibration and control experiments are performed to evaluate the physical performance of the designed VSA. Experiment results show that the VSA stiffness is close to the theoretical design stiffness. Furthermore, the VSA with a proportional–derivative feedback plus feedforward controller exhibits a fast response for stiffness regulation and a good performance for position tracking.

关键词： variable stiffness actuator variable stiffness module drive module symmetrical structure double-deck grooves expandable electrical system

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Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 214-220 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0133-7

摘要： The influence of energy intensity on carbon intensity depends upon the fraction of energy mixes with high carbon emissions in the total energy mixes . The correlation of with a variety of primary energy mix fractions and technology advances such as CCS and CCHP is analyzed and deduced. Taking the long-term carbon reduction target in 2050 settled upon by the Copenhagen Agreement and the mid-term target suggested by the “450 Scenes Program” of the International Energy Agency (IEA) as constraints, the new pattern of the energy transition of the world in 2020, 2030, and 2050 are estimated and figured out. The peak value of energy consumption will lag behind the peak value of carbon emissions; the world energy structure shifting point will be in 2020–2025. Estimates show that China’s mid-2020 and long-term targets of energy-saving and emission reduction announced by the Chinese government might be achieved.

关键词： correlation carbon emissions energy consumption high carbon emissions energy mix target of emission reduction reliability

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我国锅炉装备绿色低碳发展路径研究

李军,笪耀东,刘雪敏,于吉明,常勇强,侯娜娜

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 212-221 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.021

摘要：

锅炉作为高耗能特种设备，在电力、供热、钢铁等行业及日常生活中广泛应用，是保障国民经济发展和人民生活的重要基础设施；锅炉装备能源消耗、大气污染物、碳排放量大，开展锅炉装备绿色低碳转型升级对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要的支撑意义。本文从锅炉装备节能降碳的需求出发，对电站锅炉、工业锅炉两类产品分别进行讨论，总结了我国锅炉装备的发展态势，分析了存在的问题。在此基础上，根据电站锅炉和工业锅炉装备自身特点，综合考虑生产、使用、检验检测等环节和燃料供应、使用工况、运行水平等因素，提出了电站锅炉改造升级、工业锅炉低碳转型、锅炉制造绿色发展、锅炉使用管理水平提升等锅炉装备绿色低碳发展路径，并阐述了相应的具体措施。最后，本文从加强科技创新、健全公共服务体系和完善法律法规与标准体系3个方面提出了对策建议，以期为推进锅炉装备制造业转型升级、实现锅炉装备绿色低碳发展提供参考。

关键词：锅炉装备低碳发展节能增效燃料结构调整智能化运行

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Determination of energy dissipation of a spider silk structure under impulsive loading

Jorge ALENCASTRE,Carlos MAGO,Richard RIVERA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第3期页码 306-310 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0349-7

摘要：

Various researches and studies have demonstrated that spider silk is much stronger and more deformable than a steel string of the same diameter from a mechanical approach. These excellent properties have caused many scientific disciplines to get involved, such as bio-mechanics, bio-materials and bio-mimetics, in order to create a material of similar properties and characteristics. It should be noted that the researches and studies have been oriented mainly as a quasi-static model. For this research, the analysis has taken a dynamic approach and determined the dissipation energy of a structure which is made of spider silk “Dragline” and produced by the Argiope-Argentata spider, through an analytical-experimental way, when being subjected to impulsive loading. Both experimental and analytical results, the latter obtained by using adjusted models, have given high levels of dissipation energy during the first cycle of vibration, which are consistent with the values suggested by other authors.

关键词： dissipation energy impact visco-elastic material spider silk

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Analysis and experiment on structure parameters for an energy reclaiming suspension

CHEN Shi‘an, HE Ren, LU Senlin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 200-204 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0024-3

摘要： An energy reclaiming suspension is proposed to reclaim vibration energy in the suspension. To study its riding performance and reclaiming energy performance, a hydraulic energy reclaiming device prototype is produced and its mechanical behavior is analyzed and tested according to the hydraulic theory. Theoretical analysis shows that mechanical behavior of the energy reclaiming device is embodied by a viscidity damping parameter and an analogous coulomb damping parameter determined by its structure; their expressions are obtained. Experimental investigation shows that theoretical predictions agree with test results.

关键词： Experimental investigation analogous coulomb hydraulic performance suspension

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关于钢铁企业的结构与钢铁工业的发展模式

殷瑞钰

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第6期页码 24-32

摘要：

基于对钢铁工业发展历史的回顾和对中国钢铁企业结构调整的现状分析, 阐述了钢铁制造流程的解析与集成以及技术进步的方向,探讨了不同类型钢材的生产工艺,分析和展望了未来钢厂结构的发展模式以及投资决策问题。指出钢铁工业的时代命题是:市场竞争力和可持续发展；21世纪钢铁生产流程的功能将朝着冶金功能——低能耗、低物耗、高效率地生产新一代钢铁产品，并降低单位产品的投资额；能源转换功能——形成工业生态链甚至转换出新能源；社会废弃物处理功能——实现环境友好。钢厂将逐渐向都市周边型钢厂或生态工业钢厂的模式发展。

关键词：钢铁工业钢铁厂结构调整钢铁制造流程解析与集成发展模式

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制造业体制机制改革与政策调整

“中国制造业体制机制改革与政策调整研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 37-40

摘要：

中国制造业的发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。目前中国制造业转型升级进入了改革深水期和关键机遇期，但中国制造从大国走向强国还面临体制机制障碍和政策的不完善，亟需进行制造业体制机制改革和政策调整。中国制造业体制机制改革要以新型工业化为引领，坚持市场化方向，释放制造领域劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力。借鉴制造强国发展的经验与启示，未来我国应进一步完善市场竞争政策、金融政策、财政和税收政策、创新政策、人才政策、中小企业政策、对外开放政策，为制造业的发展创造良好的市场环境和制度环境。

关键词：制造业发展；国际经验；体制机制改革；政策调整

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Damage detection in beam-like structures using static shear energy redistribution

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1552-1564 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0903-4

摘要： In this study, a static shear energy algorithm is presented for the damage assessment of beam-like structures. According to the energy release principle, the strain energy of a damaged element suddenly changes when structural damage occurs. Therefore, the change in the static shear energy is employed to determine the damage locations in beam-like structures. The static shear energy is derived from the spectral factorization of the elementary stiffness matrix and structural deflection variation. The advantage of using shear energy as opposed to total energy is that only a few deflection data points of the beam structure are required during the process of damage identification. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that damage detection can be performed without establishing a structural finite-element model in advance. The proposed technique is first validated using a numerical example with single, multiple, and adjacent damage scenarios. A channel steel beam and rectangular concrete beam are employed as experimental cases to further verify the proposed approach. The results of the simulation and experiment examples indicate that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and effective method for defect localization in beam-like structures.

关键词： damage detection beam structure strain energy static displacement variation energy damage index

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我国工业绿色发展战略研究

傅志寰,宋忠奎,陈小寰,李晓燕

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 16-22

摘要：

绿色发展是我国在发展过程中面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化所必须树立的理念和发展方向。本文通过分析我国近年来工业发展的成就以及面临的挑战，提出了我国工业绿色发展必须推进源头削减和末端治理相结合、持续深化信息技术在工业过程的应用、大力发展循环经济和战略性新兴产业、加快发展生产性服务业等对策和建议。

关键词：绿色发展；节能环保；结构调整；两化融合

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标题作者时间类型操作

Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

期刊论文

新时期我国农业结构调整战略研究

罗其友, 刘洋, 唐华俊, 周振亚, 尤飞, 高明杰

期刊论文

Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

期刊论文