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Comparison and analysis of energy consumption of energy-efficient office buildings in different climate

Ke ZHANG, Neng ZHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 399-405 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0260-z

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption (EC) and find out the determining factors of energy-efficient office building cases according to specific case studies in typical cities of different climate zones in China. The investigated building cases were located in four cities (Beijing, Ningbo, Nanjing and Shenzhen) of three architecture thermotechnical design zones (cold zone, hot summer and cold winter zone, hot summer and warm winter zone). The analysis indicates that the energy consumption index (ECI) of these four cases ranges from 41.06 to 74.23 kW·h/(m ·a). Besides, the outdoor climate can change the EC of air conditioning/heating systems, and further determine the monthly volatility of the total EC of the whole building.

关键词： energy-efficient building breakdown energy consumption (EC) energy consumption index (ECI) different climate zone

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Robust energy-efficient train speed profile optimization in a scenario-based position–time–speed network

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 595-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0173-1

摘要： Train speed profile optimization is an efficient approach to reducing energy consumption in urban rail transit systems. Different from most existing studies that assume deterministic parameters as model inputs, this paper proposes a robust energy-efficient train speed profile optimization approach by considering the uncertainty of train modeling parameters. Specifically, we first construct a scenario-based position–time–speed (PTS) network by considering resistance parameters as discrete scenario-based random variables. Then, a percentile reliability model is proposed to generate a robust train speed profile, by which the scenario-based energy consumption is less than the model objective value at

α

confidence level. To solve the model efficiently, we present several algorithms to eliminate the infeasible nodes and arcs in the PTS network and propose a model reformulation strategy to transform the original model into an equivalent linear programming model. Lastly, on the basis of our field test data collected in Beijing metro Yizhuang line, a series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and analyze the influences of parameter uncertainties on the generated train speed profile.

关键词： robust train speed profile percentile reliability model scenario-based position–time–speed network mixed-integer programming

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高效节能计算的跨层设计：为实现每瓦特电力每秒千万亿次运算 Perspectives

Xiaobo Sharon HU, Michael NIEMIER

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第10期页码 1209-1223 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800466

摘要：由于基于摩尔定律的器件缩小及其性能增长趋势正在放缓，实现快速和高效节能信息处理的新技术和计算模型越来越被关注。与此同时，越来越多证据表明，对于传统布尔电路和冯诺依曼处理器，超CMOS器件很难与CMOS技术竞争。开发利用新兴器件的独特性能，特别是在非传统电路和架构背景下，具有提供在功率、性能和能力方面数十或百、千倍的改进潜力。为充分发挥超CMOS器件的优势，从器件到电路到体系结架再到算法的跨层设计工作不可或缺。在此背景下，本文研究了嵌入式应用中的高性能神经网络加速器，重点阐述了基于非传统器件技术、电路样式到架构的跨层工作的几种深度神经网络加速器的设计，介绍了应用级基准验证研究工作。讨论表明，跨层设计工作的确可以在实现极大规模高效节能处理方面带来数量级的改进。

关键词：摩尔定律；高效节能技术；神经网络加速器；超CMOS器件

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水下移动传感器网络的高能效节点定位和目标跟踪 None

Hua-yan CHEN, Mei-qin LIU, Sen-lin ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第8期页码 999-1012 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700598

摘要：水下移动传感器网络（UMSNs）不要固定，易实现快速部署，其节点可随洋流飘动扩散，易实现大范围的监测。因此，UMSNs是远海环境下实现短期、迅速、大范围组网监测跟踪的有效手段。UMSNs目标跟踪的挑战在于高精度的目标跟踪效果需要以高精度的实时节点定位为前提，而UMSNs的节点位置是不断变化的。为获得高精度的实时节点定位结果，运用传统的定位方案对其进行连续定位将会消耗大量能量。为减少UMSNs目标跟踪过程中节点定位所消耗能量，利用节点移动在时间空间的相关性，结合多步Levinson-Durbin线性预测算法提出高精度的长周期节点位置预测算法（HLMP）。通过高精度位置预测减少节点对实时通信定位的依赖，进而减少网络能耗。根据目标跟踪过程中节点与目标的相关性，提出同时定位跟踪算法（SLAT），进一步提高节点的定位精度。仿真结果表明，HLMP算法能够在低能耗的情况下显着提高定位精度，SLAT算法进一步降低节点定位误差。更高的定位精度将同步提高目标跟踪性能。

关键词：水下移动传感器网络；高能效；节点定位；目标跟踪

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一种采用纠删码缓存的高能效且可靠的存储系统 Article

Ji-guang WAN, Da-ping LI, Xiao-yang QU, Chao YIN, Jun WANG, Chang-sheng XIE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1370-1384 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1600972

摘要：在现代的多副本节能存储系统中，主副本的磁盘总是保持着开启以对外提供服务，而其他副本的磁盘则可以在负载低时保持关闭状态以节能。然而，因为新的写请求不能够被立即同步到所有的磁盘上，所以系统的可靠性被降低了。本文中，我们设计了一个基于RAID10的具有高可靠性和高能效的副本存储系统——RERAID。RERAID使用主副本磁盘上的一部分空闲空间结合纠删码构造了一个编码缓存来接收新的写请求。因为通过使用纠删码，编码缓存能够支持2个甚至更多磁盘的故障恢复，所以RERAID能够保证与RAID10存储系统想当的可靠性。另外，我们还设计了一个纠删码写（erasure coding write, ECW）算法来缓存那些小的随机写，并把它们合并成大的写数据块，然后并行写入编码缓存中以提高写性能。实验结果显示RERAID相比现有的方案能够提高写性能并且节省更多的能源。

关键词：可靠性；高能效；存储系统；纠删码；缓存管理

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Energy-efficient recovery of tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate by triple-column extractive distillation

Ao Yang, Yang Su, Tao Shi, Jingzheng Ren, Weifeng Shen, Teng Zhou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 303-315 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2044-z

摘要： An energy-efficient triple-column extractive distillation process is developed for recovering tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate from industrial effluent. The process development follows a rigorous hierarchical design procedure that involves entrainer design, thermodynamic analysis, process design and optimization, and heat integration. The computer-aided molecular design method is firstly used to find promising entrainer candidates and the best one is determined via rigorous thermodynamic analysis. Subsequently, the direct and indirect triple-column extractive distillation processes are proposed in the conceptual design step. These two extractive distillation processes are then optimized by employing an improved genetic algorithm. Finally, heat integration is performed to further reduce the process energy consumption. The results indicate that the indirect extractive distillation process with heat integration shows the highest performance in terms of the process economics.

关键词： extractive distillation solvent selection conceptual design process optimization heat integration

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面向大规模MIMO系统的高效功率放大器及其线性化技术综述 Review Articles

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第1期页码 72-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900467

摘要：为适应数据传输速率的爆炸性增长以及大规模多输入多输出（mMIMO）技术的应用，业界开发了高效率功率放大器（PA）和相关线性化技术。本文根据5G系统的两个核心频段——sub-6 GHz和毫米波（mmWave）——的特点，对高效率集成化的Doherty功放单片微波集成电路（MMIC）和线性化技术进行了综述，比较和分析了不同半导体工艺和架构下的高效功放设计思路。由于5G协议尚未最终确定，大规模MIMO系统中的功放规范仍在考虑中，有必要研究新的设计方法以进一步提高其效率和线性性能。此外，数字预失真线性化技术需要发展，以适应大规模MIMO系统，并且需要一些创新的线性增强技术来同时提高补偿精度和降低功耗。

关键词：高效节能；线性化；大规模多输入多输出（mMIMO）；单片微波集成电路（MMIC）；功率放大器

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Energy-efficient trajectory planning for a multi-UAV-assisted mobile edge computing system

Pei-qiu Huang, Yong Wang, Ke-zhi Wang,pqhuang@csu.edu.cn,ywang@csu.edu.cn,kezhi.wang@northumbria.ac.uk

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第12期页码 1671-1814 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000315

摘要： We study a system assisted by (UAVs), where the UAVs act as edge servers to provide computing services for Internet of Things devices. Our goal is to minimize the energy consumption of this system by planning the trajectories of UAVs. This problem is difficult to address because when planning the trajectories, we need to consider not only the order of stop points (SPs), but also their deployment (including the number and locations) and the association between UAVs and SPs. To tackle this problem, we present an energy-efficient algorithm (TPA) which comprises three phases. In the first phase, a algorithm with a variable population size is adopted to update the number and locations of SPs at the same time. In the second phase, the

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Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 575-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0473-7

摘要： In this paper, the influence of different external wall insulation materials on the energy consumption of a newly built apartment in Germany is investigated. Three types of insulation materials commonly used in Germany including mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel are chosen for the case studies. An energy analysis model is established to clarify the primary energy use for production of the insulation materials and for building space heating. The calculation results show that the energy consumption for insulation material production increases with the insulation thickness, whereas the energy use for space heating decreases with the insulation thickness. Thus, there exists an optimum thickness to get the lowest total energy consumption for each kind of insulation material. The ascending order of the total energy consumption of the three materials is mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel. However, the optimum insulation thicknesses for the three insulation materials show a verse order at a certain heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope. The energy payback time (EPT) is proposed to calculate the payback time of the primary energy use for insulation material production. Mineral fiber has the shortest time, followed by polyurethane and vacuum insulation panel. The EPTS is 10, 19 and 21 years, respectively when the heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope is 0.2 W/(m ·K). In addition, the simulated results show that the theoretical value and the simulated value are basically identical.

关键词： building envelope insulation materials energy consumption payback time

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Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 518-524 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0261-y

摘要： This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).

关键词： global warming office building heating energy consumption

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我国悬索桥主缆除湿系统研究的最新进展

陈策

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 95-99

摘要：

介绍了主缆除湿系统国产化关键技术系列研究的最新进展，包括干空气除湿系统的设计参数、主缆超压排气系统、除湿机节能、S型钢丝国产化等研究成果。

关键词：干空气除湿设计参数超压排气系统节能除湿机 S型钢丝研制

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Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 2-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0023-z

摘要： Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.

关键词： building energy use lifestyle and technology residential building commercial building rural building

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Machine learning in building energy management: A critical review and future directions

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 239-256 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0181-1

摘要： Over the past two decades, machine learning (ML) has elicited increasing attention in building energy management (BEM) research. However, the boundary of the ML-BEM research has not been clearly defined, and no thorough review of ML applications in BEM during the whole building life-cycle has been published. This study aims to address this gap by reviewing the ML-BEM papers to ascertain the status of this research area and identify future research directions. An integrated framework of ML-BEM, composed of four layers and a series of driving factors, is proposed. Then, based on the hype cycle model, this paper analyzes the current development status of ML-BEM and tries to predict its future development trend. Finally, five research directions are discussed: (1) the behavioral impact on BEM, (2) the integration management of renewable energy, (3) security concerns of ML-BEM, (4) extension to other building life-cycle phases, and (5) the focus on fault detection and diagnosis. The findings of this study are believed to provide useful references for future research on ML-BEM.

关键词： building energy management machine learning integrated framework knowledge evolution

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绿色高能效数据中心散热冷却技术研究现状及发展趋势

陈心拓 , 周黎旸 , 张程宾, 王树华 , 张亮亮, 陈建峰

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 94-104 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.010

摘要：

数据中心是我国的重要基础设施之一，行业规模不断扩大，市场收入逐年增加，用电量与日俱增。我国当前投入运行的数据中心中，散热冷却系统以风冷为主，能量利用率低，节能潜力大，发展新型绿色高能效数据中心散热冷却技术势在必行。散热冷却技术需解决两个问题，一是设备发热量增加，散热冷却系统制冷能力需相应提高来实现产热与移热速率匹配；二是能源利用效率偏低，需发展具有工业应用前景的绿色高能效散热冷却技术。本文简要概述了数据中心散热冷却方式的发展现状，将散热冷却技术分为空调制冷、新风制冷、间接液冷、直接单相液冷、直接两相液冷五类；分析了散热冷却技术的发展趋势，新型绿色高能效数据中心应注重散热冷却系统效率提升、冷热流体通道优化、新型液冷材料应用、热回收系统推广等；根据“双碳”及“新基建”等国家发展战略，从优化顶层设计、突破关键技术、制定科学标准、完善产业布局、注重能源结构等方面为实现数据中心产业平稳有序发展提出了合理化建议。

关键词：数据中心绿色节能散热冷却液体冷却

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Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Luhui ZHAO,Jincheng XING,Zhiqiang LU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 513-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5

摘要： To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m /a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m ·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m ·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m ·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.

关键词： energy intensity indoor thermal comfort residential building survey statistical analysis energy conversation