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An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5

摘要： Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies (EFPs) in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit (GC), green security (GS), and green insurance (GI) instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental management, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关键词： environmental finance policy     integrated mechanism     phased evolution     implementation progress     financial institution     environmental management    

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Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1

摘要： An overview of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental accidents in China in recent years was presented in this paper using available data. The results showed that the frequency of pollution accidents was significantly decreased, from 3462 in 1990 to 462 in 2007. The water and air pollution accidents were found to be the dominant types, accounting for more than 80% of the total accidents. Considering the classification of environmental accidents at 4 scales, the general environmental accident, i.e., the least serious type, was the most frequent event, taking up 58.98% of the total pollution accidents. In addition, the distribution of environmental accidents was generally in accordance with the industrial layout in the country during the past decade. It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing trend in underdeveloped regions, which was caused by the transfer and the development of heavy polluted industry in these areas. As to the losses of environmental accidents, the casualties presented an obvious reduction tendency, while the direct economic loss per accident tended to climb up. Furthermore, some key factors that affect the spatial and temporal tendencies of environmental accidents in China were discussed and some suggestions were put forward, hoping to shed light on environmental risk management and emergency plans making associated with environmental accidents in China.

关键词： environmental accidents     spatial and temporal trends     environmental risk    

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Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2

摘要： In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr

关键词： law-abiding     punishment     environmental protection     law-breaking     enterprise    

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy     distributed environment policy     distributed parameter model     lumped parameter model    

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Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1624-1

摘要：

● Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic structural transitions.

关键词： Environmental pressures     Environmental impacts     Nexus     Supply chains     Trade     Coupled systems    

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Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

摘要： Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.

关键词： hydrogel     photocatalysts     energy conversion     environmental treatment    

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NewIndustrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Qian Yi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 71-75 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014011

摘要： Serious environmental problems have appeared in China since the rapid economic growth 30 years ago, which affect human's health and become a limiting factor for further development. It has brought about the rethinking of traditional ways for economy development and environmental protection, and realized that the change in the model of development and environment protection is of significance. A new industrial revolution is needed for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This paper discusses the characteristics of the new industrial revolution for sustainable development including cleaner production, circular economy, and industrial ecology. Lessons from China and abroad will be introduced to prove that new strategies for environment protection and economic development are needed.

关键词： industrial ecology     new industrial revolution     environmental protection     cleaner production     circular economy    

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Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 2-16 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0370-y

摘要： The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, risk-based information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.

关键词： persistent organic pollutant (POPs)     environmental risk assessment     inventory     environmental monitoring     fugacity model     emerging POPs    

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

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Appreciating the role of big data in the modernization of environmental governance

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 163-169 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0185-x

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing of perennial pasture (ryegrass/white clover).

• Milk production per hectare has increased by about 29% with increased use of externally-sourced feeds over the last two decades.

• Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration can potentially reduce N2O emissions and N leaching per unit of production.

• Systems analysis is important for evaluating mitigations to minimize trade-offs between environmental impacts.

 

This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha−1 in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha−1 in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr−1 per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by ~ 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).jiafa.luo@agresearch.co.nz

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Application of proteomics in environmental science

Xiaona CHU, Jiangyong HU, Say Leong ONG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 393-403 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0145-x

摘要： Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins.

关键词： proteomics     environmental stress     two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis     mass spectrometry    

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020372

摘要： This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand (NZ), the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen (N) leaching and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NZ dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in paddocks. There was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha in 2000/2001 to 2.85 cows ha in 2015/2016. During the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr per cow. This performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use (by 30%) and a twofold increase in externally-sourced feeds. Externally-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration (e.g., maize silage) can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of production. Off-paddock facilities (such as standoff or feed pads) are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions. A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato (largest NZ dairying region) indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use perspective. This analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11% decrease in N footprint (i.e., N emissions per unit of milk production) and a 2% increase in C footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk production).

关键词： dairy farms     environmental impacts     grazing systems     intensification     mitigation    

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Governance approach to China’s environmental challenges: Towards a theoretical synthesis

QI Ye, XUE Lan, ZHANG Lingyun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 385-400 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0066-5

摘要： This paper reviewed recent research in environmental governance as a response to environmental challenges at various spatial, temporal and administrative scales. It documented the shift of approach from regulation to governance, and attempted to provide a comprehensive understanding why and how the transformation occurred. It also described major factors and forces of environmental governance, and discussed research advance in environmental governance theory. Finally, this paper summarized recent research findings on environmental governance in China, and listed policy recommendation for enhancing the governance.

关键词： environmental governance     approach     temporal     regulation     various    

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The relevance of James Lovelock’s research and philosophy to environmental science and academia

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1639-7

摘要： James E. Lovelock, famed for his Gaia hypothesis, which views the Earth as a living integrated and interconnected self-regulating system whose equilibrium comes about from complex energy-based interactions and feedback loops, ultimately sustaining life, passed away at the end of July, 2022 at the age of 103. Not only are the adaptive mechanisms of Gaia central to the conversation of environmental homeostasis, they lie at the heart of climate change and global warming. Lovelock is also remembered as the co-inventor of the electron capture detector that eventually allowed for the sensitive detection of chlorofluorocarbons and pesticides. Finally, Lovelock’s free-spirited nature and research independence allow academia to rethink current research’s modus operandi.

关键词： Academic independence     Climate change     Electron capture detector     Environmental equilibrium     Global warming     Homeostasis    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

期刊论文

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

期刊论文

Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

期刊论文

Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

期刊论文

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

期刊论文

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

期刊论文

NewIndustrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Qian Yi

期刊论文

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

期刊论文

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

期刊论文

Appreciating the role of big data in the modernization of environmental governance

期刊论文

NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

期刊论文

Application of proteomics in environmental science

Xiaona CHU, Jiangyong HU, Say Leong ONG,

期刊论文

NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Jiafa LUO, Stewart LEDGARD

期刊论文

Governance approach to China’s environmental challenges: Towards a theoretical synthesis

QI Ye, XUE Lan, ZHANG Lingyun

期刊论文

The relevance of James Lovelock’s research and philosophy to environmental science and academia

期刊论文