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Zhili HE, Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND, Ye DENG, Jizhong ZHOU
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期 页码 1-20 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0301-y
关键词: functional gene arrays (FGAs) GeoChip microbial communities functional diversity/composition/structure environmental factor ecosystem functioning
Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic
Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0888-0
关键词: Phenanthrene Halophilic bacteria Gene diversity Naphthalene dioxygenase genes
Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken breeds in South China
Xunhe HUANG,Jinfeng ZHANG,Danlin HE,Xiquan ZHANG,Fusheng ZHONG,Weina LI,Qingmei ZHENG,Jiebo CHEN,Bingwang DU
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 97-101 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016102
关键词: microsatellites genetic diversity population structure indigenous chicken South China conservation
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1562-3
● 548 representative nor genes were collected to create complete phylogenetic trees.
关键词: N2O Greenhouse gas NO reductase NO dismutase Primer Crystal structure
Xiaoming LIU, Jia NING, Stephanie CLARK,
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期 页码 436-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0251-0
关键词: -lactoglobulin processing functional alternative technology environmental
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
Ling Sun, Hui Wang, Yuanqing Kan, Shiliang Wang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1062-7
Effects of urban river conditions on phytoplankton community were investigated. Nitrate utilization and hydrodynamic condition affected phytoplankton distribution. A winter bloom was induced by abundant ammonia, total phosphorus and organic matters. The diatoms and euglenoids dominated in an urban beheaded river ecosystem.
关键词: Phytoplankton composition Spatiotemporal distribution Functional groups Nitrate nitrogen Winter bloom
Methanogenic community structure in simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge
Yujiao Sun, Juanjuan Zhao, Lili Chen, Yueqiao Liu, Jiane Zuo
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1067-2
• UASB with SMD granules was operated with high removal efficiency of COD and NO3--N. • Methanosaetaceae was absolute predominant methanogen in SMD granules. • The methanogen quantity and activity decreased as C/N decreased from 20:1 to 5:1. • Bacterial community succession happened with C/N decreasing.
关键词: Simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD) Methanogens Community structure Diversity index Granular sludge
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2024年 第18卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-024-2417-1
关键词: zeolite density functional theory structure-directing agent SCM-15
Fungal diversity and its mechanism of community shaping in the milieu of sanitary landfill
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1370-6
• Ascomycota was the predominant phylum in sanitary landfill fungal communities.
关键词: Sanitary landfill Fungal community Diversity Saprotroph Physical habitat Environmental factor
Laser interference fabrication of large-area functional periodic structure surface
Lei WANG, Zi-Han WANG, Yan-Hao YU, Hong-Bo SUN
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第13卷 第4期 页码 493-503 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0507-9
Functional periodic structures have attracted significant interest due to their natural capabilities in regulating surface energy, surface effective refractive index, and diffraction. Several technologies are used for the fabrication of these functional structures. The laser interference technique in particular has received attention because of its simplicity, low cost, and high-efficiency fabrication of large-area, micro/nanometer-scale, and periodically patterned structures in air conditions. Here, we reviewed the work on laser interference fabrication of large-area functional periodic structures for antireflection, self-cleaning, and superhydrophobicity based on our past and current research. For the common cases, four-beam interference and multi-exposure of two-beam interference were emphasized for their setup, structure diversity, and various applications for antireflection, self-cleaning, and superhydrophobicity. The relations between multi-beam interference and multi-exposure of two-beam interference were compared theoretically and experimentally. Nanostructures as a template for growing nanocrystals were also shown to present future possible applications in surface chemical control. Perspectives on future directions and applications for laser interference were presented.
关键词: laser interference four-beam interference multi-exposure of two-beam interference additive fabrication
ZHAO Yangguo, WANG Aijie, REN Nanqi, ZHAO Yan
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期 页码 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0018-8
关键词: technique single-strand proportion bioreactor community diversity fingerprinting technique
Functional characterization of a thermostable methionine adenosyltransferase from
Yanhui Liu,Biqiang Chen,Zheng Wang,Luo Liu,Tianwei Tan
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期 页码 238-244 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1566-2
关键词: ion-preference methionine adenosyltransferase secondary structure thermostability Thermus thermophilus
Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 页码 798-816 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2316-x
关键词: biomass materials functional materials ionic liquids synthesis structure-property relationship
“Composition” and regularisation of architectural production in contemporary China
Hua LI
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期 页码 465-473 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0097-z
关键词: composition “Beaux-Arts” regulate architectural production
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Development and applications of functional gene microarrays in the analysis of the functional diversity, composition, and structure of microbial communities
Zhili HE, Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND, Ye DENG, Jizhong ZHOU
期刊论文
Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic
Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang
期刊论文
Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken breeds in South China
Xunhe HUANG,Jinfeng ZHANG,Danlin HE,Xiquan ZHANG,Fusheng ZHONG,Weina LI,Qingmei ZHENG,Jiebo CHEN,Bingwang DU
期刊论文
Phylogenetic diversity of NO reductases, new tools for monitoring, and insights into NO production in
期刊论文
Changes in structure and functional properties of whey proteins induced by high hydrostatic pressure:
Xiaoming LIU, Jia NING, Stephanie CLARK,
期刊论文
Distribution of phytoplankton community and its influence factors in an urban river network, East China
Ling Sun, Hui Wang, Yuanqing Kan, Shiliang Wang
期刊论文
Methanogenic community structure in simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge
Yujiao Sun, Juanjuan Zhao, Lili Chen, Yueqiao Liu, Jiane Zuo
期刊论文
The interaction of the structure-directing agent with the zeolite framework determines germanium distribution
期刊论文
Laser interference fabrication of large-area functional periodic structure surface
Lei WANG, Zi-Han WANG, Yan-Hao YU, Hong-Bo SUN
期刊论文
Microbial community structure in different wastewater treatment processes characterized by single-strand
ZHAO Yangguo, WANG Aijie, REN Nanqi, ZHAO Yan
期刊论文
Functional characterization of a thermostable methionine adenosyltransferase from
Yanhui Liu,Biqiang Chen,Zheng Wang,Luo Liu,Tianwei Tan
期刊论文
Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials
期刊论文