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Conversion of polyethylene to gasoline: Influence of porosity and acidity of zeolites

《能源前沿（英文）》   页码 763-774 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0897-1

摘要： Plastic waste is causing serious environmental problems. Developing efficient, cheap and stable catalytic routes to convert plastic waste into valuable products is of great importance for sustainable development, but remains to be a challenging task. Zeolites are cheap and stable, but they are usually not efficient for plastic conversion at a low temperature. Herein a series of microporous and mesoporous zeolites were used to study the influence of porosity and acidity of zeolite on catalytic activity for plastics conversion. It was observed that H-Beta zeolite was an efficient catalyst for cracking high-density polyethylene to gasoline at 240 °C, and the products were almost C4–C12 alkanes. The effect of porosity and acidity on catalytic performance of zeolites was evaluated, which clearly visualized the good performance of H-Beta due to high surface area, large channel system, large amount accessible acidic sites. This study provides very useful information for designing zeolites for efficient conversion of plastics.

关键词： plastics conversion     polyethylene     zeolites     acidity     porosity    

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Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017022

摘要： The empirical Complex Model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used by refiners to predict the toxic emissions of reformulated gasoline with respect to gasoline properties. The difficulty in implementing this model in the blending process stems from the implicit definition of Complex Model through a series of disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. A major breakthrough in the refinery-based Complex Model implementation occurred in 2008 and 2010 through the use of generalized disjunctive and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Nevertheless, the execution time of these MINLP models remains prohibitively long to control emissions with our online gasoline blender. The first objective of this study is to present a new model that decreases the execution time of our online controller. The second objective is to consider toxic thresholds as hard constraints to be verified and search for blends that verify them. Our approach introduces a new way to write the Complex Model without any binary or integer variables. Sigmoid functions are used herein to approximate step functions until the measurement precision for each blend property is reached. By knowing this level of precision, we are able to propose an extremely good and differentiable approximation of the Complex Model. Next, a differentiable objective function is introduced to penalize emission values higher than the threshold emissions. Our optimization module has been implemented and tested with real data. The execution time never exceeded 1 s, which allows the online regulation of emissions the same way as other traditional properties of blended gasoline.

关键词： emissions     reformulated gasoline     online control     global optimization    

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Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine

Chun XIA, Tingyu ZHAO, Junhua FANG, Lei ZHU, Zhen HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 900-915 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0812-6

摘要： Due to increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulation, improving thermal efficiency and reducing particulate matter emissions are two main issues for next generation gasoline engine. Lean burn mode could greatly reduce pumping loss and decrease the fuel consumption of gasoline engines, although the burning rate is decreased by higher diluted intake air. In this study, dual injection stratified combustion mode is used to accelerate the burning rate of lean burn by increasing the fuel concentration near the spark plug. The effects of engine control parameters such as the excess air coefficient (Lambda), direct injection (DI) ratio, spark interval with DI, and DI timing on combustion, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and particulate emissions of a dual injection gasoline engine are studied. It is shown that the lean burn limit can be extended to Lambda= 1.8 with a low compression ratio of 10, while the fuel consumption can be obviously improved at Lambda= 1.4. There exists a spark window for dual injection stratified lean burn mode, in which the spark timing has a weak effect on combustion. With optimization of the control parameters, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases 9.05% more than that of original stoichiometric combustion with DI as 2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at a 2000 r/min engine speed. The NOx emissions before three-way catalyst (TWC) are 71.31% lower than that of the original engine while the particle number (PN) is 81.45% lower than the original engine. The dual injection stratified lean burn has a wide range of applications which can effectively reduce fuel consumption and particulate emissions. The BSFC reduction rate is higher than 5% and the PN reduction rate is more than 50% with the speed lower than 2400 r/min and the load lower than 5 bar.

关键词： dual injection     stratified lean burn     gasoline engine     particulate matter emission     combustion analysis    

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Study on extraction of thiophene from model gasoline with br?nsted acidic ionic liquids

Xiaomeng WANG, Mingjuan HAN, Hui WAN, Cao YANG, Guofeng GUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 107-112 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0539-0

摘要： Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), -methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([HMIm]HSO ) and -methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([HNMP]HSO ), are synthesized and employed as extractants to extract thiophene from model gasoline (thiophene dissolved in -octane). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and volume ratio of ILs to model gasoline on desulfurization rates is investigated. Then, the optimal desulfurization conditions are obtained: the ratio of ILs to model gasoline is 1∶1, extraction temperature is 50°C for [HMIm]HSO and 60°C for [HNMP]HSO , extraction time is 60 min. Meanwhile, the desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO for model gasoline is 62.8%, which is higher than that of [HMIm]HSO (55.5%) under optimal conditions. The reason is discussed on the basis of the interaction energy between thiophene and ILs at the B3LYP/6-311++ G(d,p) level. Furthermore, the total desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO and [HMIm]HSO reaches 96.4% and 94.4%, respectively, by multistage extraction. Finally, the used ILs can be reused by vacuum drying, and their desulfurization rates are not significantly decreased after recycling 7 times in single-stage desulfurization.

关键词： br?nsted ionic liquids     model gasoline     thiophene     extraction     density functional theory    

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of doping and steam treatment on the catalytic activities of nano-scale H-ZSM-5 in the methanol to gasoline

Baodong Song, Yongqiang Li, Gang Cao, Zhenhai Sun, Xu Han

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 564-574 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1654-y

摘要： In the transformation of methanol to gasoline (MTG), the selectivity to gasoline and the aromatic content in the produced gasoline are important factors. The catalytic activities of steam-treated and non-steam-treated nano-scale H-ZSM-5 (NHZ5) catalysts impregnated with Ag(I), Zn(II) or P(V) have been investigated in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The NH -TPD results showed that after impregnation, the Ag/NHZ5, Zn/NHZ5 and P/NHZ5 catalysts contained comparatively more strong, medium-strong and weak acid sites, respectively. Treatment with steam decreased the number of acid sites in all the catalysts, but the pore volumes in the catalysts were larger which improved carbon deposition resistance resulting in prolonged lifetimes. After 6 h of MTG reaction, the selectivity to gasoline for the steam-treated catalysts, , and were 70.5, 68.4 and 68.7 wt-%, respectively, whereas their respective aromatic contents in the produced gasoline were 61.9, 55.4 and 39.0 wt-%. Thus is the most promising catalyst for MTG applications which can meet the China IV gasoline standard that the amount of aromatics in gasoline should be less than 48 wt-%.

关键词： MTG     nano-scale H-ZSM-5     steam treatment     gasoline     selectivity to gasoline    

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Desulfurization mechanism of FCC gasoline: A review

Liang ZHAO, Yan CHEN, Jinsen GAO, Yu CHEN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 314-321 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0271-9

摘要： This paper reviews the most important developments on the desulfurization mechanism of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) gasoline. First, the origin of sulfur compounds in FCC gasoline and the current developed desulfurization approaches and technologies are briefly introduced, and then the researches on desulfurization mechanism are summarized from experimental and theoretical perspectives. Further researches on the desulfurization mechanism will lay a foundation for optimizing desulfurization sorbents and technologies.

关键词： Catalytic Cracking     foundation     developed desulfurization     desulfurization mechanism     important    

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Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of gasoline using phosphotungstic acid supported on MWW zeolite

Hanlu Wang, Idris Jibrin, Xingye Zeng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 546-560 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1842-z

摘要： Catalysts for the desulfurization of gasoline samples were synthesized via the immobilization of well-dispersed phosphotungstic acid (HPW) on Mobil composition of matter-twenty-two (MWW) zeolite. Characterization results indicated that these catalysts possess a mesoporous structure with the retention of the Keggin structure of immobilized HPW. Relevant reaction parameters influencing sulfur removal were systematically investigated, including HPW loading, catalyst dosage, temperature, initial S-concentration, molar ratio of oxidant to sulfide (O/S), volume ratio of MeCN to model oil (Ext./oil), and sulfide species. The 40 wt-% HPW/MWW catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity with 99.6% dibenzothiophene sulfur removal from prepared samples. The 40 wt-% HPW/MWW catalyst was recycled four times and could be easily regenerated. Finally, as an exploratory study, straight-run-gasoline and fluid catalytic cracking gasoline were employed to accurately evaluate the desulfurization performance of 40 wt-% HPW/MWW. Our research provides new insights into the development and application of catalysts for desulfurization of gasoline.

关键词： oxidative desulfurization     phosphotungstic acid     MWW     wet impregnation     adsorption energy    

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Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 74-79 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0016-1

摘要： The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil, space velocity, and mass ratio of water to oil on the product distribution, the yields of light olefins (light olefins including ethylene, propylene and butylene) and the composition of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgraded over the self-made catalyst GL in a confined fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that FCC gasoline was obviously reformulated under appropriate reaction conditions. The olefins (olefins with C atom number above 4) content of FCC gasoline was markedly reduced, and the aromatics content and octane number were increased. The upgraded gasoline met the new standard of gasoline, and meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins were obtained. Furthermore, higher reaction temperature, higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil, higher mass ratio of water to oil, and lower space velocity were found to be beneficial to FCC gasoline reformulation and light olefins production.
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汽油机燃用轻油基燃料的缸内过程参数分析

孙玲玲

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第12期   页码 78-83

摘要：

介绍作者开发的一种汽油机用新型燃料，为检验其品质，对发动机缸内过程参数进行了全面测试分析。结果表明：汽油机燃用轻油基混合燃料时无爆震，动力性稍低于燃用汽油，缸内过程参数标准偏差明显低于燃用汽油。这充分说明，所开发的轻油基混合燃料品质优良，适于汽油机使用。

关键词： 轻油     汽油机     缸内过程参数     抗爆性    

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Effects of ambient temperature on regulated gaseous and particulate emissions from gasoline-, E10- and

Rencheng Zhu, Jingnan Hu, Liqiang He, Lei Zu, Xiaofeng Bao, Yitu Lai, Sheng Su

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1306-1

摘要： Abstract • Emissions from two sedans were tested with gasoline, E10 and M15 at 30°C and -7°C. • As the temperature decreased, the PM, PN and BC emissions increased with all fuels. • Particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more sensitive to the temperature. • The PN and BC generated during cold start-up dominated those over the WLTC. Ambient temperature has substantial impacts on vehicle emissions, but the impacts may differ between traditional and alcohol gasolines. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on gaseous and particulate emissions with both traditional and alcohol gasoline. Regulated gaseous, particle mass (PM), particle number (PN) and black carbon (BC) emissions from typical passenger vehicles were separately quantified with gasoline, E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline by volume) and M15 (15% methanol and 85% gasoline by volume) at both 30°C and -7°C. The particulate emissions with all fuels increased significantly with decreased temperature. The PM emissions with E10 were only 48.0%–50.7% of those with gasoline at 30°C but increased to 59.2%-79.4% at -7°C. The PM emissions with M15 were comparable to those with gasoline at 30°C, but at -7°C, the average PM emissions were higher than those with gasoline. The variation trend of PN emissions was similar to that of PM emissions with changes in the fuel and temperature. At 30°C, the BC emissions were lower with E10 and M15 than with gasoline in most cases, but E10 and M15 might emit more BC than gasoline at -7°C, especially M15. The results of the transient PN and BC emission rates show that particulate emissions were dominated mainly by those emitted during the cold-start moment. Overall, the particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more easily affected by ambient temperature, and the advantages of E10 and M15 in controlling particulate emissions declined as the ambient temperature decreased.

关键词： Particle mass     Particle number     Black carbon     Alcohol gasoline     Low temperature    

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我国清洁汽油燃料的发展趋势与对策

何奕工,舒兴田

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第2期   页码 28-35

摘要：

探讨了在世界各国环境保护法规日益严格的情况下，石油炼制企业和研究开发部门在生产清洁汽油燃料时所面临的问题，世界各国清净燃料发展的趋势以及研究开发部门应该采取的对策。着重讨论了研究开发制取清洁汽油的重要组分——异构（支链）烷烃的重要性、途径和相关的化学原理。

关键词： 清洁汽油燃料     发展趋势     对策    

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Combustion characteristics of SI engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends during cold start

SONG Ruizhi, LIU Shenghua, LIANG Xiaoqiang, Tiegang H U

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 395-400 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0081-7

摘要： A 3-cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends was used to study combustion and emission characteristics. Cylinder pressure analysis indicates that engine combustion is improved when methanol is added to gasoline. With the increase of methanol, the flame developing period and the rapid combustion period are shortened, and the indicated mean effective pressure increases during the first 50 cycles. Meanwhile, a novel quasi-instantaneous sampling system was designed to measure engine emissions during cold start and warm-up. The results at 5°C show that unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) decrease remarkably. Hydrocarbon (HC) reduces by 40% and CO by 70% when fueled with M30 (30% methanol in volume). The exhaust gas temperature is about 140°C higher at 200 s after operation compared with that of gasoline.

关键词： combustion     3-cylinder     indicated     Cylinder pressure     emission    

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Control of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a two-cylinder gasoline direct injection

WANG Zhi, WANG Jianxin, SHUAI Shijin, MA Qingjun, TIAN Guohong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 311-315 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0045-3

摘要： Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has challenges in ignition timing control, combustion rate control, and operating range extension. In this paper, HCCI combustion was studied in a two-cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with negative valve overlap (NVO). A two-stage gasoline direct injection strategy combined with negative valve overlap was used to control mixture formation and combustion. The gasoline engine could be operated in HCCI combustion mode at a speed range of 800–2 200 r/min and load, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) range of 0.1–0.53 MPa. The engine fuel consumption is below 240 g/(kW

关键词： Homogeneous     control     combustion     consumption     extension    

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Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Xin YUE, Ye WU, Xianjiang HUANG, Yao MA, Yuan PANG, Xiaofeng BAO, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 717-724 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0438-3

摘要： Tailpipe emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles usually deteriorate over time. The accumulation of engine deposits due to inadequate gasoline detergency is considered to be one of the major causes of such emission deterioration. Six in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing were tested to investigate the impact of engine deposits on emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO ). Emissions under cold start and hot running test conditions from the six light duty vehicles were measured before and after engine deposits were removed. Results show that although individual vehicles reacted differently for each of the pollutants, elimination of engine deposits on average reduced HC emissions under hot running conditions by 29.4%, CO emissions under cold start conditions by 23.0% and CO emissions under hot running conditions by 35.5% ( <0.05 in all cases). No pollutant emissions increased with statistical significance ( <0.05) after the removal of engine deposits. Variations of emission changes upon removal of engine deposits were observed. Such variations are in line with previous studies, implying that the impact patterns of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be subject to many influencing factors that are not fully understood and difficult to control under all conditions. A statistical view of the impact of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be appropriate for evaluation of emissions reductions across a city or a country. It is necessary to maintain sufficient and effective gasoline fuel detergency in practice to keep the engines clean and in turn reduce vehicle emissions.

关键词： engine deposit     fuel quality     detergency     vehicle emission    

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Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1553-4

摘要：

● Methanol effectively reduces CO, HC, CO2, PM, and PN emissions of gasoline vehicles.

关键词： Methanol fuel     Vehicular emission     Emission reduction     Cleaner fuel     Gasoline substitute    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Conversion of polyethylene to gasoline: Influence of porosity and acidity of zeolites

期刊论文

Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

期刊论文

Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine

Chun XIA, Tingyu ZHAO, Junhua FANG, Lei ZHU, Zhen HUANG

期刊论文

Study on extraction of thiophene from model gasoline with br?nsted acidic ionic liquids

Xiaomeng WANG, Mingjuan HAN, Hui WAN, Cao YANG, Guofeng GUAN

期刊论文

of doping and steam treatment on the catalytic activities of nano-scale H-ZSM-5 in the methanol to gasoline

Baodong Song, Yongqiang Li, Gang Cao, Zhenhai Sun, Xu Han

期刊论文

Desulfurization mechanism of FCC gasoline: A review

Liang ZHAO, Yan CHEN, Jinsen GAO, Yu CHEN,

期刊论文

Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of gasoline using phosphotungstic acid supported on MWW zeolite

Hanlu Wang, Idris Jibrin, Xingye Zeng

期刊论文

Study on reformulation of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline and increasing production of light olefins

YAN Pingxiang, MENG Xianghai, GAO Jinsen, XU Chunming, SUI Zhiyu

期刊论文

汽油机燃用轻油基燃料的缸内过程参数分析

孙玲玲

期刊论文

Effects of ambient temperature on regulated gaseous and particulate emissions from gasoline-, E10- and

Rencheng Zhu, Jingnan Hu, Liqiang He, Lei Zu, Xiaofeng Bao, Yitu Lai, Sheng Su

期刊论文

我国清洁汽油燃料的发展趋势与对策

何奕工,舒兴田

期刊论文

Combustion characteristics of SI engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends during cold start

SONG Ruizhi, LIU Shenghua, LIANG Xiaoqiang, Tiegang H U

期刊论文

Control of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a two-cylinder gasoline direct injection

WANG Zhi, WANG Jianxin, SHUAI Shijin, MA Qingjun, TIAN Guohong

期刊论文

Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Xin YUE, Ye WU, Xianjiang HUANG, Yao MA, Yuan PANG, Xiaofeng BAO, Jiming HAO

期刊论文

Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

期刊论文