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Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water

Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1214-4

摘要： Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .

关键词： Drinking water     Treatment process     Genotoxicity     Umu test     Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship    

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Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 860-866 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0462-3

摘要： In this study, micronucleus (MCN) and chromosome aberration (CA) tests in root tip cells were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the comprehensive genotoxic potential of surface waters located in the urban area of Xi’an City, China. For these evaluations, water samples from different surface waters (four rivers, two lakes, two biological treatment plant effluents) were collected, the ultra-pure water and methyl methanesulfonate solution was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. In our results, highly significant differences in MCN permillage (average number of micronuclei per 1000 cells), CA frequencies and PI (pollution index) values were found among three rivers and two WWTP effluents, the tested samples from two rivers caused the decrease of mitotic index over 22% compared with the negative control. No significant changes were observed in micronuclei and chromosome aberrations frequencies at one river and two lakes during the period of test (wet season). These results point out a poor state of the water quality and genotoxic activity of the main surface waters in Xi’an City. It is recommended to establish a monitoring program for the presence of genotoxic agents in these surface waters.

关键词： genotoxicity     surface water     evaluation     Vicia faba    

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Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence

WANG Lisha, HU Hongying, WANG Chao, Koichi Fujie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 18-22 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0003-7

摘要： The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diver sely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disin fection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10 20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high (> 10 20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.
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of important precursors and theoretical toxicity evaluation of byproducts driving cytotoxicity and genotoxicity

Qian-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jun Yan, Yao Lu, Ye Du, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1204-6

摘要： • NOM formed more C-DBPs while amino acids formed more N-DBPs during chlorination • Aspartic acid and asparagine showed the highest toxicity index during chlorination • Dichloroacetonitrile might be a driving DBP for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity • Dichloroacetonitrile dominated the toxicity under different chlorination conditions Chlorination, the most widely used disinfection process for water treatment, is unfortunately always accompanied with the formation of hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Various organic matter species, like natural organic matter (NOM) and amino acids, can serve as precursors of DBPs during chlorination but it is not clear what types of organic matter have higher potential risks. Although regulation of DBPs such as trihalomethanes has received much attention, further investigation of the DBPs driving toxicity is required. This study aimed to identify the important precursors of chlorination by measuring DBP formation from NOM and amino acids, and to determine the main DBPs driving toxicity using a theoretical toxicity evaluation of contributions to the cytotoxicity index (CTI) and genotoxicity index (GTI). The results showed that NOM mainly formed carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), such as trichloromethane, while amino acids mainly formed nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), such as dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN). Among the DBPs, DCAN had the largest contribution to the toxicity index and might be the main driver of toxicity. Among the precursors, aspartic acid and asparagine gave the highest DCAN concentration (200 g/L) and the highest CTI and GTI. Therefore, aspartic acid and asparagine are important precursors for toxicity and their concentrations should be reduced as much as possible before chlorination to minimize the formation of DBPs. During chlorination of NOM, tryptophan, and asparagine solutions with different chlorine doses and reaction times, changes in the CTI and GTI were consistent with changes in the DCAN concentration.

关键词： Chlorination     Dichloroacetonitrile     Aspartic acid     Asparagine     Toxicity index    

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Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater

Jing ZHANG, Shigong WANG, Can WANG, Hongying HU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 350-359 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0404-0

摘要： The actual harmful effects of industrial wastewater can not be reflected by the conventional water quality index. Therefore, the change in dissolved organic matter and the genetic toxicity of petrochemical wastewater were observed in the current study by examining the wastewater treatment plant of a large petrochemical enterprise in Northwest China. Using XAD-8, MSC, and DA-7 resins, the wastewater was separated into six fractions, namely, hydrophobic acid (HOA), hydrophobic neutral (HOB), hydrophobic alkaline, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic alkaline, and hydrophilic neutral. Umu-test was used to detect the genetic toxicity of the wastewater samples, and fluorescence spectra were also obtained to examine genetic toxic substances. The results show that wastewater treatment facilities can effectively reduce the concentration of organic matter in petrochemical wastewater ( <0.05). However, the mixing of aniline wastewater can increase the amount of organic carbon ( <0.05) and can overload facilities. This finding shows that the mixed collection and joint treatment of different types of petrochemical wastewater can affect the water quality of the effluent. Particularly, hydrophobic substances can be difficult to remove and account for a relatively large proportion of the effluent. The mixture of aniline wastewater can increase the genetic toxicity of the effluent ( <0.05), and biologic treatment can not effectively decrease the toxicity. Most of the genetic toxicology may exist in the HOA and HOB fractions. Fluorescence spectroscopy also confirms this result, and tryptophan-like substances may play an important role in genetic toxicity.

关键词： dissolved organic matter     resin fraction     genetic toxicity     fluorescence excitation and emission matrix    

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Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 356-371 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0159-1

摘要： Virus-based vectors are widely used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, and have the ability to integrate permanently into genomic DNA, thus driving long-term expression of corrective genes in all hematopoietic lineages. To date, HSC gene therapy has been successfully employed in the clinic for improving clinical outcomes in small numbers of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), thalassemia, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, adverse events were observed during some of these HSC gene therapy clinical trials, linked to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by integrated proviral vectors leading to clonal expansion and eventual development of leukemia. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of vector-mediated genotoxicity, with the aim of developing safer vectors and lower-risk gene therapy protocols. This review will summarize current information on the mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to integrating gene transfer vectors, discuss the available assays for predicting genotoxicity and mapping vector integration sites, and introduce newly-developed approaches for minimizing genotoxicity as a way to further move HSC gene therapy forward into broader clinical application.

关键词： gene therapy     hematopoietic stem cells     insertional mutagenesis     genotoxicity     induced pluripotent stem cell    

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Susceptibility of male and female Japanese medaka (

Nannan LIU, Mei MA, Yiping XU, Jinmiao ZHA, Kaifeng RAO, Zijian WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 77-84 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0466-z

摘要： 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a widespread probable human carcinogen and has been proven to have genotoxicity in assays. However, little genotoxicity information and no micronuclei induction data for 2,4,6-TCP is available from tests, especially for sex-specific differences. Following a preliminary test, a piscine peripheral erythrocyte micronucleus assay was conducted on medaka ( ) after a 28-day exposure to 2,4,6-TCP. In the present study, the mean micronuclei (MNC) frequencies of all of the groups increased in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated the potential genotoxicity of 2,4,6-TCP. Moreover, males were found to be more susceptible compared with females after a 28-day exposure to 2,4,6-TCP in all of the dosed groups above 10 μg·L . This is the first report on the potential of micronuclei induction and a sex-susceptible effect in the peripheral erythrocytes of mature fish after 2,4,6-TCP exposure.

关键词： 2     4     6-trichlorophenol     genotoxicity     Japanese medaka     piscine micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes     gender difference    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water

Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

期刊论文

Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

期刊论文

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence

WANG Lisha, HU Hongying, WANG Chao, Koichi Fujie

期刊论文

of important precursors and theoretical toxicity evaluation of byproducts driving cytotoxicity and genotoxicity

Qian-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jun Yan, Yao Lu, Ye Du, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater

Jing ZHANG, Shigong WANG, Can WANG, Hongying HU

期刊论文

Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

期刊论文

Susceptibility of male and female Japanese medaka (

Nannan LIU, Mei MA, Yiping XU, Jinmiao ZHA, Kaifeng RAO, Zijian WANG

期刊论文