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典型高温地热系统——羊八井热田基本特征

多吉

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 42-47

摘要：

羊八井热田是属于陆陆碰撞板缘非火山型高温地热田。热田是由3个不同能的热储层构成，即浅层、深部第一和第二热储层，实质上它们属同一个水力系统，是一个完整的地热系统的不同部位。浅层热储由第四系松散沉积物及部分基岩风化壳构成，其埋深在地表以下180～280 m，热储温度130～173℃，水质类型为C1^--HCO₃^--Na⁺型水，属深部热流体与冷水混合的产物，流体以液相为主。深部热储由变质杂岩体中的滑离断层系构造空间构成，属基岩裂隙型脉状或带状热储，其中深部第一热储埋深为950～1 350 m，最高温度259.6 ℃；深部第二热储位于1 850 m深，热储最高温度可达329.8 ℃，深部热流体水质类型均属C1^--Na⁺ 型，气体组份中CO₂占主导地位。

关键词：高温地热热储层成因羊八井西藏

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Strategic analysis of China’s geothermal energy industry

Hao GONG, Baicun WANG, Haijun LIANG, Zuoxian LUO, Yaofeng CAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 390-401 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0106-4

摘要： China is an early user of geothermal energy, and its direct use ranks first in the world. Recent national strategies and policies have enabled China’s geothermal energy industry to enter a new era with important development opportunities. This paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to China’s geothermal energy industry from political, economic, social, and technological (PEST) perspectives. SWOT–PEST analysis indicates that the resources, market, and technological foundation exist for the large-scale development of China’s geothermal energy industry. However, it experiences constraints, such as unclear resource distributions, incomplete development of government regulations, incomplete implementation of national policies, unclear authority between governmental administrative systems, and lack of uniform technical standards and codes. Therefore, future development strategies have been proposed to provide technical support and policy tools for geothermal energy development. The recommendations to ensure its healthy and sustainable development include improving resource exploration, rationalizing administration systems, enhancing policy guidance and financial support, and cultivating geothermal talent.

关键词： geothermal energy strategic analysis SWOT–PEST policy administration

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A novel flow-resistor network model for characterizing enhanced geothermal system heat reservoir

Jian GUO, Wenjiong CAO, Yiwei WANG, Fangming JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 99-106 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0555-1

摘要： The fracture characteristics of a heat reservoir are of critical importance to enhanced geothermal systems, which can be investigated by theoretical modeling. This paper presents the development of a novel flow-resistor network model to describe the hydraulic processes in heat reservoirs. The fractures in the reservoir are simplified by using flow resistors and the typically complicated fracture network of the heat reservoir is converted into a flow-resistor network with a reasonably simple pattern. For heat reservoirs with various fracture configurations, the corresponding flow-resistor networks are identical in terms of framework though the networks may have different section numbers and the flow resistors may have different values. In this paper, numerous cases of different section numbers and resistor values are calculated and the results indicate that the total number of flow resistances between the injection and production wells is primarily determined by the number of fractures in the reservoir. It is also observed that a linear dependence of the total flow resistance on the number of fractures and the relation is obtained by the best fit of the calculation results. Besides, it performs a case study dealing with the Soultz enhanced geothermal system (EGS). In addition, the fracture numbers underneath specific well systems are derived. The results provide insight on the tortuosity of the flow path between different wells.

关键词： enhanced geothermal systems flow-resistor network model fracture characteristics heat reservoir

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Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermal

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 246-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0749-9

摘要： A comprehensive thermo-economic model combining a geothermal heat mining system and a direct supercritical CO₂ turbine expansion electric power generation system was proposed in this paper. Assisted by this integrated model, thermo-economic and optimization analyses for the key design parameters of the whole system including the geothermal well pattern and operational conditions were performed to obtain a minimal levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Specifically, in geothermal heat extraction simulation, an integrated wellbore-reservoir system model (T2Well/ECO2N) was used to generate a database for creating a fast, predictive, and compatible geothermal heat mining model by employing a response surface methodology. A parametric study was conducted to demonstrate the impact of turbine discharge pressure, injection and production well distance, CO₂ injection flowrate, CO₂ injection temperature, and monitored production well bottom pressure on LCOE, system thermal efficiency, and capital cost. It was found that for a 100 MW_e power plant, a minimal LCOE of $0.177/kWh was achieved for a 20-year steady operation without considering CO₂ sequestration credit. In addition, when CO₂ sequestration credit is $1.00/t, an LCOE breakeven point compared to a conventional geothermal power plant is achieved and a breakpoint for generating electric power generation at no cost was achieved for a sequestration credit of $2.05/t.

关键词： geothermal heat mining supercritical CO₂ power generation thermo-economic analysis optimization

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深部矿产和地热资源共采战略研究

蔡美峰,多吉,陈湘生,毛景文,唐春安,刘志强,纪洪广,任奋华, 郭奇峰,李鹏

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 43-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.006

摘要：

深部矿产和地热资源共采是实现深部采矿可持续发展的重要举措，也为深部高温岩层地热开采提供了全新技术手段。本文分析了深部矿产和地热资源共采的重要价值，梳理了国内外地热资源的开发利用现状，总结了我国在深部矿产和地热资源共采方面的基础研究进展；在剖析深部矿产和地热资源共采面临的技术与管理挑战的基础上，论证形成了实施综合开发利用亟需的技术体系构成，涉及深部矿产资源与深部地热开发利用调查及前景研判、高温坚硬岩层地下巷道与硐室掘进及建造、深部矿产资源开采系统和地热开发系统“共建 – 共存 – 共用”的关键理论与技术体系、深部高温岩层地热能交换和输送理论与技术。研究提出了地质勘查、科技创新、扶持政策、顶层规划与科研示范基地等方面的发展建议，以期为我国矿业和地热产业可持续、高质量发展提供参考。

关键词：深部矿产地热资源矿–热共采高温岩层地热能交换和输送

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Large-scale geo-energy development: Sustainability impacts

Li JIANG,Liandong ZHU,Erkki HILTUNEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 757-763 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0455-9

摘要： Geothermal energy is a renewable and alternative energy with the potential to replace fossil fuels and help mitigate global warming. However, the development of geothermal energy has environmental, economic and social-cultural consequences, which needs to be predicted beforehand and then mitigated. To guarantee a sustainable development, it is, therefore, essential to consider the relative potential impacts. From a sustainability point of view, in the present study, a comprehensive analysis of consequences of geothermal energy development is conducted, including environmental, economic and societal & cultural dimensions. The geothermal energy industry will prosper only if sustainable aspects can be integrally considered.

关键词： geothermal energy sustainability impact development

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地热能储存与CO₂封存和利用的一体化框架 Article

刘月亮, 胡婷, 芮振华, 张政, 都凯, 杨涛, Birol Dindoruk, Erling Halfdan Stenby, Farshid Torabi, Andrey Afanasyevc

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 121-130 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.010

摘要：

地下地热能储存在封存容量和封存周期上比其他储能策略更具有潜力。二氧化碳（CO₂）由于其优越的热力学属性而被视是一种极具潜力的储能介质。此外，利用CO₂羽流进行地热储能可通过将CO₂储存于地质体中来缓解温室效应。本文提出了一个协同地热能储能和二氧化碳封存利用的一体化框架：CO₂首先被注入到地热层以进行能量积累。然后，将产生的高能CO₂引入到目标油藏中，用于CO₂利用和地热能储存。最后，将CO₂有效地封存在地质油藏体中。结果表明，随着高能CO₂的注入，整个目标油藏的平均温度大幅度提高。在地热能的协助下，CO₂的地质利用率更高，从而使驱油效率提高了10.1%。根据对模拟CO₂场地的封存潜力的评估，CO₂注入110年后，地质体的利用率将高达91.2%，场地内CO₂的最终注入量将高达9.529 × 10⁸t。经过1000年封存，超临界相在CO₂封存中占主导地位，其次是液相，然后是矿化相。此外，由于残余油的存在，用于溶解捕获的CO₂封存量显著增加。更重要的是，CO₂在大规模储存地热能方面表现出优异的性能；例如，在所研究的地质体中储存的总能量每年可为超过3.5 × 10⁷户正常家庭提供能源供应。采用这种一体化方法对大规模地热能储存以及到2050年实现碳中和目标具有十分重要的意义。

关键词：地热能储存 CO₂封存碳中和大规模 CO₂利用

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A numerical study of non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs during heat extraction

Wenjiong CAO, Wenbo HUANG, Guoling WEI, Yunlong JIN, Fangming JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 439-449 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0612-4

摘要： Underground non-Darcy fluid flow has been observed and investigated for decades in the petroleum industry. It is deduced by analogy that the fluid flow in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) heat reservoirs may also be in the non-Darcy regime under some conditions. In this paper, a transient 3D model was presented, taking into consideration the non-Darcy fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs, to simulate the EGS long-term heat extraction process. Then, the non-Darcy flow behavior in water- and supercritical CO (SCCO )-based EGSs was simulated and discussed. It is found that non-Darcy effects decrease the mass flow rate of the fluid injected and reduce the heat extraction rate of EGS as a flow resistance in addition to the Darcy resistance which is imposed to the seepage flow in EGS heat reservoirs. Compared with the water-EGS, the SCCO -EGS are more prone to experiencing much stronger non-Darcy flow due to the much larger mobility of the SCCO . The non-Darcy flow in SCCO - EGSs may thus greatly reduce their heat extraction performance. Further, a criterion was analyzed and proposed to judge the onset of the non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs. The fluid flow rate and the initial thermal state of the reservoir were taken and the characteristic Forchheimer number of an EGS was calculated. If the calculated Forchheimer number is larger than 0.2, the fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs experiences non-negligible non-Darcy flow characteristic.

关键词： enhanced geothermal system non-Darcy flow heat extraction Reynolds number Forchheimer number

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A comprehensive review of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Australia

Alireza HEIDARI, Ali ESMAEEL NEZHAD, Ahmad TAVAKOLI, Navid REZAEI, Foad H. GANDOMAN, Mohammad Reza MIVEH, Abdollah AHMADI, Majid MALEKPOUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 510-529 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0671-6

摘要： Recently, renewable energy resources and their impacts have sparked a heated debate to resolve the Australian energy crisis. There are many projects launched throughout the country to improve network security and reliability. This paper aims to review the current status of different renewable energy resources along with their impacts on society and the environment. Besides, it provides for the first time the statistics of the documents published in the field of renewable energy in Australia. The statistics include information such as the rate of papers published, possible journals for finding relative paper, types of documents published, top authors, and the most prevalent keywords in the field of renewable energy in Australia. It will focus on solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and hydropower technologies and will investigate the social and environmental impacts of these technologies.

关键词： renewable energy hydro energy wind power photovoltaic geothermal bioenergy