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The impact of government incentives and penalties on willingness to recycle plastic waste: An evolutionary

Zhen Wang, Jiazhen Huo, Yongrui Duan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1208-2

摘要： • Punishments increase the participation probability of collectors and recyclers. • Policy-sponsored incentives make collectors and recyclers to participate earlier. • Recyclers are more sensitive to government punishments than collectors. Because governments have introduced policies involving incentives and penalties to promote the recycling of plastic waste, it is important to understand the impact of such incentives and penalties on the willingness of stakeholders to participate. In this study, government is included as a player, alongside waste collectors and recyclers, in a tripartite evolutionary game model of plastic waste recycling. The study explores the evolutionary equilibrium and performs a simulation analysis to elucidate the effect of government incentives and penalties on the willingness of other players to participate in recycling. Three conclusions are drawn from this research. First, an increase in incentives or in penalties increases the probability that collectors and recyclers will participate in the recycling process. Second, policy support incentives encourage collectors and recyclers to participate in plastic waste recycling earlier than subsidy incentives do. Finally, recyclers are more sensitive than collectors to government-imposed penalties.

关键词： Plastic waste Recycle Reuse Government incentives Government penalties Evolutionary game

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Efficiency evaluation of government investment for air pollution control in city clusters: A case from

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 612-624 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0269-x

摘要： Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities. In China, the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality. While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China, concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments. To address this concern, we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China. Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes. Specifically, we focused on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei areas as a case study, as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents. The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions. Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency, while cities in Hebei Province require improvement. We identified scale inefficiency, which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment, as the main factor contributing to regional disparities. However, we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect. Furthermore, our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018. Investment-combined technical efficiency, which represents the investment strategy, is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency. Therefore, in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level, it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster. Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influencing factors can guide future investment measures and directions. This knowledge can also support policymaking for other projects involving substantial investments.

关键词： investment efficiency government investment air pollution control three-stage DEA-Malmquist model

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Optimal production strategy for auto manufacturers with government subsidies in competitive environments

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0261-5

摘要： Using the Hotelling model and evolutionary game theory, this paper studies the optimal production strategy of duopoly auto manufacturers and explores the impacts of two government policies (manufacturer and consumer subsidies) on strategies related to the production of electric vehicles (EVs) or fuel vehicles (FVs). The study finds that consumers’ environmental preferences have direct effects on manufacturers’ market shares and profits, which in turn, affect the manufacturers’ production strategy selection. Specifically, when consumer environmental preference is sufficiently high, both auto manufacturers will eventually choose to produce EVs; when it is moderate, only one with a cost advantage will choose to produce EVs. Finally, when it is low, neither auto manufacturer will produce EVs. The findings further reveal that the more significant the difference in EV production costs is, the more inclined auto manufacturers are to choose a different final stable strategy. Regardless of whether the government subsidizes manufacturers or consumers, the policy only works if subsidies reach a certain threshold. The study also identifies the conditions under which government subsidies are considered more cost-effective.

关键词： supply chain management low-carbon emission electric vehicle subsidy evolutionary game theory

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Research and Practice of Meta-synthesis Management for the Government-led Urban Complex Construction

Ru-gui Chen,Jia-meng Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 52-61 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014008

摘要： This paper researches the overall construction target of government-led urban complex construction projects based on the perspective of sustainable urban development.In order to achieve benefit maximization, the meta-synthesis management for the government-led urban complex construction project is studied.In order to combine theory and practice, several typical government-led urban complex construction project cases, such as Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center and Guangzhou International Financial City etc. areexamined. These examples point to thefeasibility of government-led meta-synthesis management and demonstrate the benefits that can be achieved through this model.

关键词： government-led construction project urban complex meta-synthesis management sustainable development benefit maximization

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战略性新兴产业政府引导方式创新研究

韦结余,薛澜,周源

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 18-22 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.003

摘要：

“十二五”以来，我国战略性新兴产业取得了长足发展，对于转变经济增长方式、调整产业结构、稳定经济增长发挥了重要作用，但仍然存在产业关键核心技术缺乏、资源配置分散、体制机制不完善、配套设施发展滞后等问题。“十三五”期间，战略性新兴产业的引导方式需要进行创新，要改变以政府为主导的传统发展模式，建立以“市场为主导，政府引导”的新型发展模式。总体来看，战略性新兴产业的发展应该运用新的创新治理工具，完善战略性新兴产业治理体系建设，推进战略性新兴产业创新能力建设，促进“十三五”时期战略性新兴产业的发展。

关键词：战略性新兴产业政府引导创新治理体系创新能力创新治理工具

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战略性新兴产业国外经典政策工具分析——政府采购与补贴政策

许冠南,王秀芹,潘美娟,周源

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 113-120 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.017

摘要：

当前，战略性新兴产业已经成为一国产业结构升级和抢占世界经济发展制高点的关键，世界各国纷纷将新兴产业的发展提升到国家战略高度，应用各种政策工具大力推动新兴产业加速发展。研究国外为促进新兴产业发展做出的重要举措对我国制定相应政策具有重要的借鉴作用。本文重点分析了发达国家为了推进新兴产业发展所采用的政府采购与政府补贴两种经典政策工具，以期为我国培育发展战略性新兴产业提供参考。

关键词：新兴产业政策工具政府采购政府补贴产业政策分析

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Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0534-7

摘要：

Reforms in public hospitals are among the most important improvements in China’s health care system over the last two decades. However, the reforms that should be implemented in public hospitals are unclear. Thus, a feasible direction of reforms in Chinese public hospitals is suggested and reliable policy suggestions are provided for the government to reform public hospitals. The data used in this study were mainly derived from a qualitative study. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted in Shanghai, Guangdong, and Gansu between May and December 2014. Government funding accounted for approximately eight percent of the total annual revenue of public hospitals in China, and the insufficient government subsidy considerably affects the operation mechanism of public hospitals. However, solely increasing this subsidy cannot address the inappropriate incentives of public hospitals in China. The most crucial step in setting the direction of reforms in public hospitals in China is transforming inappropriate incentives by implementing a new evaluation index system for directors and physicians in public hospitals.

关键词： public hospital government hospital public funding operation mechanism

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Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 92-103 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017101

摘要： Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide, for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient, the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments’ strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors (e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits, several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government building energy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

关键词： building energy retrofit policy energy efficiency energy performance contract energy auditing

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Global challenges of food safety for China

Joseph J. JEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 291-293 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017167

摘要：

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.

关键词： food safety challenges food industry government academia media consumer

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TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 491-500 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021428

摘要：

Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr^–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.

关键词： agronomic technologies economic returns education environmental cost food production government policy

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Progress of forest certification in China

Wenming LU, Maharaj MUTHOO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 414-420 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017185

摘要： The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms related to certification and there are numerous challenges facing the uptake of forest certification in China. In particular, the ban on commercial logging in natural forests implemented by the Natural Forest Protection Program has resulted in little demand for forest certification of natural forest management units. However, there are also certification opportunities, such as the certification of non-timber forest products that benefit local communities who depend on forests for the goods and services they provide. This paper provides an overview of progress in forest certification in China, including its development history, organizational structure, scheme documents, certification scopes and standards, accreditation, certification bodies and auditors, and certification logos. The paper also focuses on government support for the supervision and management of forest certification through policy incentives, including the potential government procurement and subsidy policies for certified forest products. Finally, the paper analyzes certified non-timber forest products as an example of the value of certification to promote sustainable forest management and how the concept of forest certification can be used to add value to forests and ensure they are responsibly and sustainably managed. In general, forest certification in China has a clear role in sustainable forest management, both for timber and non-timber forest products.

关键词： China Forest Certification Scheme forest certification government support opportunities and challenges sustainable forest management

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政府主导的城市综合体建设项目集成管理研究与实践

陈如桂,陈加猛

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 53-61

摘要：

本文立足于城市可持续发展的角度，研究政府主导的城市综合体建设项目总体建设目标定位；以综合效益最大化为导向，研究政府主导的城市综合体建设项目的综合集成管理；并遵循理论与实践相结合的方法，对广州大学城和广州国际金融城等政府主导的城市综合体建设项目典型案例进行实践和探索。

关键词：政府主导的建设项目城市综合体综合集成管理可持续发展效益最大化

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美国联邦政府机构技术预测工具应用态势分析

孙棕檀,李云,李浩悦,特日格乐

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 92-96 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.016

摘要：

美国国防分析研究所发布的《美国联邦政府技术预测工具应用现状与潜在应用》研究报告对美国联邦政府机构技术预测工作开展现状进行了梳理，对联邦政府机构期望拥有的技术预测工具能力进行了分析。本文在此基础上，对联邦政府机构技术预测工具的应用态势进行了总结，为我国开发相应技术预测工具提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：美国联邦政府机构技术预测工具自动化

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Carbon Quotas, Subsidies and Engineering Machinery Remanufacturing

Dong-bin Hu,Chen-xi Xiao,Xiao-hong Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 50-58 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016014

摘要： Engineering machinery manufacturing and remanufacturing are significant sources of greenhouse gases. In the context of emission reduction and resource recovery, the authors analyze the impact of current carbon quota allocations and government subsidies policies on manufacturers’ profits and recovery rates in a closed-loop supply chain. A simplified model consists of two manufacturers, one retailer and a third-party recycler. The study found that carbon quotas and government subsidies can both promote the improvement of recovery rates under certain conditions, and have similar effects in regulating interest distribution between manufacturers. The combination of the two methods can effectively realize the targets of recycling and carbon emissions reduction.

关键词： competitive closed-loop supply chain government subsidies carbon quota allocation remanufacturing

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Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Xi Luo,Jia-ping Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 125-130 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015031

摘要： Under the huge challenges of global energy conservation, emission reduction and energy security, distributed solar photovoltaic industry has become the key means to achieve economic restructuring and low carbon economy. Based on System Advisor Model software, the authors choose Baoji as the sample plot. Household load, unit investment, loan interest rate and loan fraction are used as influence factors to analyze the economic benefits of distributed solar photovoltaic in China. The result demonstrates that government incentives help to increase the profitability of distributed solar photovoltaic by a large extent; other factors that influence the profitability includes household load, unit investment cost, loan interest rate and loan fraction.

关键词： distributed solar photovoltaic internal rate of return price ladder government incentives