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我国能源绿色开发利用路径研究

李全生,张凯

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 101-111 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.012

摘要：

能源绿色开发利用是贯彻落实能源安全新战略和加快新时代生态文明建设的重要任务。为推进能源生产和消费革命，本文从我国能源发展现状与存在的问题出发，在阐述能源绿色开发利用的内涵和发展原则的基础上，构建了能源绿色开发评价模型和能源利用系统评价指标模型，对能源绿色开发利用的经济效益和环境效益进行评价，预测了我国面向2030 年、2050 年的能源绿色开发利用发展目标。研究指出，我国能源绿色开发利用的实施路径可着重从两方面展开：在能源布局方面，开展化石能源的清洁高效开发利用，清洁能源的规模化开发利用和能源系统的智能化，重点实施绿色煤炭工程、稳油增气工程和加强能源集约化、节约化利用；在科技创新方面，从加强对煤炭安全高效、清洁低碳利用的科技攻关，加快攻克深层深水和非常规油气勘探开发关键技术，推进清洁能源规模化开发利用的科技创新等5 方面推进。为构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系，本文从能源管理体制创新、能源价格市场化机制形成、能源绿色开发利用考核、能源绿色开发利用科技创新体系等方面提出了对策建议。

关键词：能源，绿色开发利用，能源绿色开发评价模型，绿色煤炭工程，能源智能化

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ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment

D. SENDIL KUMAR,R. ELANSEZHIAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第1期页码 75-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0285-y

摘要：

In this paper the reliability and performance of a vapour compression refrigeration system with ZnO nanoparticles in the working fluid was investigated experimentally. Nanorefrigerant was synthesized on the basis of the concept of the nanofluids, which was prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles with R152a refrigerant. The conventional refrigerant R134a has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 whereas R152a has a significant reduced value of GWP of 140 only. An experimental test rig is designed and fabricated indigenously in the laboratory to carry out the investigations. ZnO nanoparticles with refrigerant mixture were used in HFC R152a refrigeration system. The system performance with nanoparticles was then investigated. The concentration of nano ZnO ranges in the order of 0.1% v, 0.3% v and 0.5%v with particle size of 50 nm and 150 g of R152a was charged and tests were conducted. The compressor suction pressure, discharge pressure and evaporator temperature were measured. The results indicated that ZnO nanorefrigerant works normally and safely in the system. The ZnO nanoparticle concentration is an important factor considered for heat transfer enhancement in the refrigeration system. The performance of the system was significantly improved with 21% less energy consumption when 0.5%v ZnO-R152a refrigerant. Both the suction pressure and discharge pressure were lowered by 10.5% when nanorefrigerant was used. The evaporator temperature was reduced by 6% with the use of nanorefrigerant. Hence ZnO nanoparticles could be used in refrigeration system to considerably reduce energy consumption. The usage of R152a with zero ozone depleting potential (ODP) and very less GWP and thus provides a green and clean environment. The complete experimental results and their analysis are reported in the main paper.

关键词： ZnO nanorefrigerant reduced GWP COP pressure ratio green energy

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Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0744-9

摘要： Energy field-assisted machining technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of machining difficult-to-machine metal materials, such as poor machinability, low cutting efficiency, and high energy consumption. High-speed dry milling has emerged as a typical green processing technology due to its high processing efficiency and avoidance of cutting fluids. However, the lack of necessary cooling and lubrication in high-speed dry milling makes it difficult to meet the continuous milling requirements for difficult-to-machine metal materials. The introduction of advanced energy-field-assisted green processing technology can improve the machinability of such metallic materials and achieve efficient precision manufacturing, making it a focus of academic and industrial research. In this review, the characteristics and limitations of high-speed dry milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials, including titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-strength steel, are systematically explored. The laser energy field, ultrasonic energy field, and cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy fields are introduced. By analyzing the effects of changing the energy field and cutting parameters on tool wear, chip morphology, cutting force, temperature, and surface quality of the workpiece during milling, the superiority of energy-field-assisted milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials is demonstrated. Finally, the shortcomings and technical challenges of energy-field-assisted milling are summarized in detail, providing feasible ideas for realizing multi-energy field collaborative green machining of difficult-to-machine metal materials in the future.

关键词： difficult-to-machine metal material green machining high-speed dry milling laser energy field-assisted milling ultrasonic energy field-assisted milling cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy field-assisted milling

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Xinjiang energy-based desert management project

Jishan HE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 587-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0075-7

关键词： desert governance comprehensive utilization of new energy modern agriculture the Belt and Road Initiative green development

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Exemplary project of green cave dwellings in Loess Plateau

Jiaping LIU, Xinrong ZHU, Liu YANG, Rongrong HU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 122-130 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0005-1

摘要： The total annual energy consumption of people in rural areas in China is about 190 million tons of standard coal, and is still growing rapidly with the improvement of living standards. The reduction of this energy consumption is a key issue in China’s sustainable development. Focusing on the energy conservation of cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau, this paper aims to create a new prototype of cave dwelling that not only satisfies the requirements of the modern life of the residents but also inherits the energy-efficiency of traditional cave dwellings. For this purpose, a model cave dwelling is built at Zaoyuan Village, a cave-dwelling community in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. In this cave dwelling, modern building energy efficiency principles and strategies such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, passive solar heating and earth cooling method are adopted. From the testing and subjective survey, it can be concluded that the new cave dwelling inherits the advantages of the traditional ones and has excellent performance in energy-efficiency, thermal comfort, and natural lighting.

关键词： new cave dwellings green buildings the Loess Plateau energy efficiency

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中国的科学、绿色、低碳能源战略

杜祥琬,周大地

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第6期页码 4-10

摘要：

首先分析了国际能源发展的战略态势和我国能源的形势、存在的主要问题和面临的挑战。接着提出我国能源中长期发展战略的指导思想和原则，强调中国特色的新型能源战略必须体现科学发展观，以科学的供给保障合理的需求。给出了21世纪上半叶我国能源发展阶段的战略定位，阐述了我国“科学、绿色、低碳能源战略”的基本内涵，包括它的6个子战略：a.强化“节能优先，总量控制”战略，提出了煤炭石油消耗“天花板”的概念；b.煤炭的科学开采、洁净高效利用和战略地位的调整，提出了“煤炭科学产能”的概念和“洁净化度”的概念；c.确保油气的战略支柱地位，把天然气作为能源结构调整的重点之一；d.积极发展水电和非水可再生能源，使之成为我国的绿色能源支柱之一；e.积极发展核电是我国能源可持续发展的重大战略选择；f.发展中国特色的适应电源多元化的高效安全智能电力系统，发展非上网等用电方式和储能技术。“科学、绿色、低碳能源战略”是经济与环境双赢的战略，也是应对气候变化国家战略的重要组成部分。“科学、绿色、低碳能源战略”的实施需要强有力的科技支撑，提出了科技支撑的3个层次，给出了21世纪上半叶我国能源发展的展望，最后提出了为实施“科学、绿色、低碳能源战略”的若干重大建议。

关键词：中国能源中长期发展战略绿色低碳

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Renewable power for China: Past, present, and future

Eric MARTINOT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 287-294 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0120-z

摘要： This paper briefly examines the history, status, policy situation, development issues, and prospects for key renewable power technologies in China. The country has become a global leader in wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) production, and leads the world in total power capacity from renewable energy. Policy frameworks have matured and evolved since the landmark 2005 Renewable Energy Law, updated in 2009. China’s 2020 renewable energy target is similar to that of the EU. However, China continues to face many challenges in technology development, grid-integration, and policy frameworks. These include training, research and development, wind turbine operating experience and performance, transmission constraints, grid interconnection time lags, resource assessments, power grid integration on large scales, and continued policy development and adjustment. Wind and solar PV targets for 2020 will likely be satisfied early, although domestic demand for solar PV remains weak and the pathways toward incorporating distributed and building-integrated solar PV are uncertain. Prospects for biomass power are limited by resource constraints. Other technologies such as concentrating solar thermal power, ocean energy, and electricity storage require greater attention.

关键词： renewable energy wind power solar power sustainable energy policy green industry

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Human power-based energy harvesting strategies for mobile electronic devices

Dewei JIA, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0002-4

摘要： Energy problems arise with the proliferation of mobile electronic devices, which range from entertainment tools to life saving medical instruments. The large amount of energy consumption and increasing mobility of electronic devices make it urgent that new power sources should be developed. It has been gradually recognized that the human body is highly flexible in generating applicable power from sources of heat dissipation, joint rotation, enforcement of body weight, vertical displacement of mass centers, and even elastic deformation of tissues and other attachments. These basic combinations of daily activities or metabolic phenomena open up possibilities for harvesting energy which is strong enough to power mobile or even implantable medical devices which could be used for a long time or be recharged permanently. A comprehensive review is presented in this paper on the latest developed or incubating electricity generation methods based on human power which would serve as promising candidates for future mobile power. Thermal and mechanical energy, investigated more thoroughly so far, will particularly be emphasized. Thermal energy relies on body heat and employs the property of thermoelectric materials, while mechanical energy is generally extracted in the form of enforcement or displacement excitation. For illustration purposes, the piezoelectric effect, dielectric elastomer and the electromagnetic induction couple, which can convert force directly into electricity, were also evaluated. Meanwhile, examples are given to explain how to adopt inertia generators for converting displacement energy via piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic or magnetostrictive vibrators. Finally, future prospects in harvesting energy from human power are made in conclusion.

关键词： mobile electronic device human power energy harvesting micro/miniaturized generator battery green energy

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The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China

Zhi-huan Fu,Qing-zhong Luo,Guang-zhi Jia

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014003

摘要： Since the 21st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..

关键词： green transportation energy saving and emission reduction environmental conservation

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Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要： This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词： green building low cost technique energy efficiency integrated strategy

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绿色低碳新兴产业成熟度评价方法研究

孙旭东,李雪松,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第2期页码 98-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.02.014

摘要：

今后10~15 年是我国加快培育和发展新兴产业的关键时期，作为我国生态文明建设重要任务的绿色低碳产业发展也将面临重要机遇期。绿色低碳新兴产业以能源新技术、节能环保和新能源汽车为代表，其细分产业的技术特征、规模和发展程度存在明显的差异性，亟待开展与之对应的成熟度评价方法研究。本文在归纳产业成熟度评价的基本理论与通用方法的基础上，明确绿色低碳产业的范畴与定义，辨识相关产业的高质量发展特征；提出了绿色低碳产业成熟度评价模型与指标体系，具体阐述产业成熟度等级合成方法。以生物质热电联产产业为例完成了绿色低碳产业成熟度评价应用研究，分析认为案例产业发展整体达到了较成熟等级，但市场成熟度的进展滞后于工程科技进步。研究建议：建立绿色低碳产业成熟度年度评价机制，组建绿色低碳产业发展信息的权威发布机构，加强我国新兴产业数据库建设及客观评价。

关键词：绿色低碳新兴产业产业成熟度能源新技术节能环保新能源汽车

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On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 626-639 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0548-6

摘要： The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single-sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is consistent with the way in which water is treated as “first among equals”, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services (such as sanitation) and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed.

关键词： cities as forces for good diversity energy and nutrient recovery green economy infrastructure failure resilience

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Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1536-5

摘要：

• Mitigating energy utilization and carbon emission is urgent for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Artificial photosynthesis Microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system Carbon neutral Renewable energy

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火力发电厂绿色设计的研究

戴洪军,郭纪中,成虎

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第9期页码 59-63

摘要：

火力发电厂资源消耗和污染物排放水平的高低，不仅关系到项目本身的生存与发展，而且影响到整个行业节能减排的实施，维系着全国经济和社会发展总体目标的实现。随着可持续发展理念的不断深入，绿色建筑技术和绿色设计技术已越来越广泛地被采纳和运用。通过在火电厂方案设计过程中开展绿色设计工作，采用模块化组合设计，优化设备及功能子系统，选用新技术、新工艺和新材料，采取有效的节水措施，实施控制系统优化方案，不但可以实现火电厂自身的可持续发展，而且能够取得良好的经济、社会和环境效益。通过初步研究，旨在为火电厂的绿色设计提供一些有益的经验积累。

关键词：可持续发展火力发电厂绿色设计绿色建筑节能减排